Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the application of various approaches to teaching communicative writing skills in senior phases of learning. The main aim is to investigate how these approaches are adopted to instil competence in the communicative writing skills of grade 12learners ofisiZulu first language. Various approaches to writing skills are discussed and explored in order to make suggestions to educators' effective ways of teaching and learning communicative writing skills. Assessment criteria for written work are also presented to guide educators on how the written work is assessed. In order to ensure that the communicative writing skills are taught and learned effectively up to norms required by the Department of Education; the approaches to teaching communicative writing skills are discussed in relation to both the critical outcomes and the specific outcomes for the learning field Languages, Literacy and Communication as specified in the Curriculum 2005 (1997). The idealized writing curriculum proposed by Grade and Kaplan (1996) is also presented in relation to the specific outcomes that need to be achieved in the Languages, Literacy and Communication learning field. The aim of presenting this writing curriculum is to enable the educators to teach communicative writing skills effectively and to be able to compete in the urban, technological, international world that requires competent writers. In order to investigate the needs and problems that appear to constitute obstacles in teaching and learning communicative writing skills effectively, survey interviews were conducted with the respective educators; and written reports were requested from the educators who were participating in facilitating the process of writing the IsiZulu essays of Grade 12 learners for analysis. In this study, these essays are analysed and assessed. The findings based on this research are presented explicitly to identify the obstacles that educators and learners experience during the writing practices. Recommendations are made as regards positive and constructive changes in the teaching and learning of the communication writing skills in the senior phases of learning in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die toepassing van verskeie benaderings tot die onderrig van kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede in die senior fase van leer. Die hoofdoelstelling van die studie is om In ondersoek te doen na hoe benaderings wat aanvaar word aanleiding kan gee tot die verwerwmg van taalvaardigheid, m die besonder, kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede deur graad 12 eerstetaalleerders van isiZulu. Verskillende benaderings tot skryfvaardighede salondersoek word ten einde aanbevelings te maak oor doeltreffende wyses waarop onderwysers kommunikatiewe onderrig en leer kan bewerkstellig. Assesseringskriteria VIr skriftelike werk sal aangebied word ten einde taalonderrigpraktisyns riglyne te gee aangaande die assossering van kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede. Ten einde te verseker dat kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede doeltreffend onderrig en aangeleer word tot op die peil vereis deur die Departement van Onderwys, sal die benaderings tot die onderrig van kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede bespreek word met betrekking tot sowel die kritieke uitkomste as die spesifieke uitkomste van die leerveld Tale, Geletterdheid en Kommunikasie, soos gespesifiseer in Kurrikulum 2005 (1997). Die voorgestelde skryfkurrikulum van Grabe en Kaplan (1976) salook bespreek word met betrekking tot die spesifieke uitkomste wat bereik moet word in die leerveld Tale, Geletterdheid en Kommunikasie. Die doelstelling van die bespreking van hierdie skrytkurrikulum is om onderwysers in staat te stelom kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede doeltreffend te onderrig ten einde leerders in staat te stelom mededingend te wees in die huidige stedelike, tegnologiese, internasionale wêreld wat vaardige skrywers vereis. Ten einde die behoeftes en probleme te ondersoek wat hindernisse is in die doeltreffende onderrig en leer van kommunikatiewe taalvaardigheid, is onderhoude gereël met verskillende onderwysers, en skriftelike rapporte is aangevra van onderwysers wat deelgeneem het in die fasiliteringsproses van die skryf van isiZulu opstelle deur graad 12 leerders vir die doeleindes van die analises gedoen in hierdie studie. Die bevindinge gebaseer op die navorsing gedoen in hierdie studie word eksplisiet aangebied ten einde die hindernisse te identifiseer wat onderwys ervaar tydens die praktyk van skryfonderrig. Aanbevelings word gemaak rakende positiewe en konstruktiewe vernaderinge in die onderrig en leer van kommunikatiewe skryfvaardighede in die senior fase van leer in Suid- Afrika.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the nature of writing instruction which can improve the writing skills of learners as it also takes into account the learners needs. The main aim is to apply the genrebased approach to written texts in Xhosa. This framework for instruction will help learners to be ready for the work place after they have left school. They will acquire the necessary writing skills, which are needed in the work place today. The genre-based use oflanguage will enable them to use written language in different situations and they should be able to write meaningful texts, which will take the reader into consideration, as required by Curriculum 2005. The approaches to teaching communicative writing skills are discussed in relation to both the critical outcomes and the specific outcomes for the learning field Language, Literacy and Communication as specified in the Curriculum 2005 (1997). The framework presented by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) is also presented in relation to the specific outcomes that need to be achieved in the Languages, Literacy and communication-learning field. Six BONA Magazine articles on sport celebrities have been analysed according to the model of text-construction within the framework proposed by Grabe and Kaplan (1996). It is concluded that these types of analytic skills are required in an effective approach to the teaching of writing to accomplish the outcomes of Curriculum 2005. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die aard van skryfonderrig wat die skryfvaardigheid van leerders kan verbeter en ook die leerders se behoeftes in ag neem. Die hoofdoelstelling van die studie is om die genre-gebaseerde benadering toe te pas in die analise van geskrewe tekste in Xhosa. Hierdie raamwerk vir onderrig sal leerders help om gereed te wees vir die kommunikatiewe eise van die werkplek nadat hulle die skool verlaat het. Hulle kan, deur die genre-benadering tot skryfonderrig, die vereiste skryfvaardighede ontwikkel wat in die werkplek benodig word. Die genre-gebaseerde gebruik van skriftelike taal kan leerders in staat stelom taal aan te wend in In verskeidenheid situasies, en hulle behoort in staat te wees om betekenisvolle tekste te skryf wat die leser in berekening neem, soos vereis deur Kurrikulum 2005. Die benaderings tot die onderrig van kommunikatiewe skryfvaardigheid word bespreek met betrekking tot sowel kritieke uitkomste as spesifieke uitkomste vir die leerveld Taal, Geletterdheid en Kommunikasie, soos gespesifiseer in Kurrikulum 2005 (1997 weergawe). Die raamwerk van Grabe en Kaplan (1996) word ook behandel met betrekking tot die spesifieke uitkomste in wat bereik moet word in die leerveld Tale, Geletterdheid en Kommunikasie. Ses BONA tydskrifartikels wat handeloor sportpersoonlikhede word ontleed volgens die genre-gebaseerde benadering binne die raamwerk van Grabe en Kaplan se model vir tekskonstruksie en etnografie vir skriftelike tekste. Daar word bevind dat die onderrig van hierdie soort analitiese vaardighede nodig is vir In doeltreffende benadering tot skryfonderrig vir die bereik van die uitkomste van Kurrikulum 2005.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores a theoretical framework of language competence with reference to the teaching and learning of writing in Xhosa grade 12. The teaching of writing attempts to develop writing skills and to assist learners to see writing as a process involving various stages such as thinking, researching, planning, writing and re-writing. Furthermore, this study aims at demonstrating how to develop the learners to express themselves in a formally ordered way, as required in a given context for a specific purpose and audience. The study is strongly influenced by two approaches, one associated with the processes of writing, and the other called the genre approach, but the study also draws on a number of writing models. Examples of written essays by the learners of Xhosa in grade 12 are presented and analysed. This study examines four essays, each for which properties relating to the language competence component is analysed according to the questions posed by Grabe and Kaplan (1996). Writing is one of the most important communicative skills in life of the individual and it is an integral part of the school curriculum. This study concludes with some recommendations, which might help to solve certain problems relating to essay writing in the teaching of languages in Curriculum 2005 .. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek 'n teoretiese raamwerk van taalvermoë met verwysing na die onderrig en aanleer van skryfvaardigheid in Xhosa vir graad 12 leerders. Die onderrig van skryfvaardigheid het as doelstelling die ontwikkeling van leerders se skryfvermoëns en die leiding van leerders om skryf te sien as 'n proses wat talle fases behels, soos nadenke, beplanning, navorsing, skryf en herskryf. Die studie poog voorts om aan te toon hoe leerders ontwikkel kan word om hulleself uit te druk in 'n formeelgevorderde wyse, soos vereis in 'n bepaalde konteks en vir 'n bepaalde gehoor. Die studie is sterk beïnvloed deur twee benaderings, een gekoppel aan die prosesse van skryf, en die ander, bekend as die genre-benadering, maar die studie betrek ook 'n aantal modelle van skryfvaardigheid. Voorbeelde van skriftelike stukke deur leerders van Xhosa eerste taal in graad 12 word ontleed. Die studie ondersoek vier opstelle, elke waarvoor eienskappe rakende die taalvaardigheidskomponent, ontleed word volgens vrae gestel deur Grabe en Kaplan (1996). Skryfvaardigheid is een van die belangrikste kommunikasievaardighede in die lewe van 'n individu, en dit vorm 'n integrale deel van die skoolkurrikulum. Die studie sluit af met 'n aantal aanbevelings wat 'n bydrae kan maak tot die oplos van bepaalde probleme rakende skryfwerk in taalonderrig in Kurrikulum 2005.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment examines isiZulu texts within the framework of text-linguistic theories by various scholars and researchers, which illustrate linguistic elements that can be incorporated into the teaching methodology of writing. Appropriately applied, these elements can develop learners' analytical skills as advanced in Curriculum 2005 in the languages learning area. A text-linguistic analysis of isiZulu newspaper texts on current affairs from different editions of Ilanga newspaper has been performed. This analysis reveals that text construction reflects generic factors such as the economic and social status of the community, its culture, which influence the communicative purpose. An attempt is made to investigate in detail the parameters of the ethnography of writing as advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996). These parameters are: who, rites, what, to whom, for what purpose, why, when and how. It is argued that once the learner has mastered the parameters for text construction and analysis, he/she will be better equipped to achieve the learning outcomes specified for writing of Curriculum 2005. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek tekste in isiZulu binne die raamwerk van die tekslinguistiese teorieë van verskillende navorsers wat illustreer hoe tekslinguistiese elemente en eienskappe ingesluit kan word in die onderrigmetodologie van skryfvaardigheid. Indien hierdie onderrigmetodologie doeltreffend toegepas word, kan die bemeestering van hierdie elemente leerders se analitiese vaardighede ontwikkel, soos wat bepaal word in die leerarea vir tale van Kurrikulum 2005. 'n Tekslinguistiese analise van koerantartikels oor huidige gebeurtenisse vanuit verskillende uitgawes van die Ilanga koerant is uitgevoer in hierdie studie. Hierdie analises het aangetoon dat tekskonstruksie van isiZulu bepaalde generiese faktore reflekteer, soos die ekonomiese en sosiale status van 'n gemeenskap, wat weer die skrywer se kommunikatiewe doelstelling beïnvloed. Die studie poog om 'n in-diepte analise te maak van die parameters van die etnografie van skryf soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan ten opsigte van die isiZulu tekste. Hierdie parameters word soos volg gestel: Wie skryf wat, aan wie, vir watter doel, hoekom, wanneer en hoe. Dit word geargumenteer dat as leerders van isiZulu eers die parameters vir tekskonstruksie bemeester het, sal hy/sy beter in staat wees om die leeruitkomste vir skryfvaardigheid te bereik, soos gespesifiseer in Kurrikulum 2005. / OKUCASHUNIWE Le-thesisi iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zama-thiyori aqhamuka nongqondongqondo bezifundiswa, nabacwaningi abehlukene abasebenzisa izinhla zenkulumo ezingafakwa emaswini okufundisa ukubhala. Uma engase asetshenziswe ngokuyikho lama-thiyori mhlawumbe lingakhuphuka izinga labafundi lokuhlahlela imibhalo njengokulangazelelwa ngumnyango wezilimi kuKharikhulamu 2005. Kuyole-thesisi kunohlahlelo lwemibhalo yesi Zulu olwenziweyo. Lemibhalo ibika ngezigameko zemihla namalanga eziqhamuka ezinhleni ezahlukene zephephandaba il.anga. Loluhlahlelo luveza ukuthi isakhiwo sombhalo noma itekisi (text) elithize, siqukethe inhlalompilo yabantu, ezomnotho, amasiko, kanye nenjongo yalowombhalo. Ngokusho kuka-Grabe and Kaplan (1996), umbhalo kufanele uchaze phela ukuthi : Ngubani obhalela bani, ini, ngasizathu sini, kwenzenjani, nini, kanjani? Uma umfundi engase akwazi ukuphendula okusambuzo ngenxa ngenkathi ebumba noma ehlaziya umbhalo, kuyobe izimfuno zika-Kharikhulamu 2005 sezembulekile kuye.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis employs the theoretical framework of text construction advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) for the analysis of sports articles in BONA magazine. The theory employed in this study includes linguistic elements, which can be included in teaching methodology for developing the learner's analytical skills in analyzing the discourse structure of written texts. These kinds of analytical skills are strongly reflected in Curriculum 2005 for Language Literacy and Communication (LLC). The thesis employs a range of textlinguistic strategies for analyzing written texts on sports issues. It is argued that the incorporation of these strategies by teachers in the process of language teaching in Curriculum 2005 will enable the learners to analyse texts successfully and to gain an awareness about how language is used in texts. For the purpose of analysis in this thesis, text from BONA magazine with contents ranging from sports issues were collected. The thesis demonstrates that text analysis involves a large extent, an investigation of generic factors such as the communicative purpose, the culture and community in which the text is produced. Following the discussion of the generic features of texts, a broad definition of the term text is explored, and the text linguistic construction and certain levels of analysis are identified. In addition to this, the study demonstrates that analysis of the linguistic structure of texts needs to incorporate the discussion of the parameters of the ethnography of writing advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996). The ethnography of writing entails that a detailed analysis of texts should address the following questions: "Who writes what to whom, for what purpose, why, when, and how?". The study explores the implications and rationale for incorporating text analysis in language teaching and learning. Lastly, the relationship between the theoretical underpinnings assumed in this study, and the learning Outcomes of Curriculum 2005 are explored. The study demonstrates that the theoretical framework of Grabe and Kaplan (1996) which underlies in the construction of written texts, will not only introduce the learner to an inclusive language pedagogy, but can be employed for effective text analysis of Tshivenda Genre texts on Sports articles in popular magazines like BONA. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis maak gebruik van teoretiese model van Grabe en Kaplan (1996) vir die analise van sport tydskrif artikels in Tshivenda. die teorie wat aangewind word in die studie sluit linguistiese elemente in wat ingesluit kan word in taalonderrigmetodologie vir die ontwikkeling van leerders se analitiese vaardighede in die analise van diskoers strukture van skriftelike tekste. Hierdie soort analitiese vaardighede word sterk gereflekteer in Kurrikulum 2005 vir die leer area van tale. Die tesis wend 'n verskeidenheid teklinguistiese strategiee aan vir die analise van geskrewe genre tekste oor menseregte en burgerlike regte vraagstukke. Daar word beoog in die studied at die insluiting van hierdie strategiee deur onderwysers in die proses van taalonderrig in Kurrikulum 2005 leerders in staat sal stelom tekse suksesvol te ontleed en 'n bewussyn te kry van hoe taal in tekste gebruik word. Vir die doeleindes van analise is hierdie tesis in tekste gebruik uit BONA tydskrif met 'n inhoud oor menseregte en gemmenskps en burgerlike regte. Die tesis demonstreer dat teksanalise tot 'n groot mate 'n ondersoek behels van generiese faktore soos kommunikatiewe doelstelling, die kultuur en die gemeenskap waarin die teks geproduseer word. Na 'n bespreking van die generiese faktore van tekste word in bree definisie van die term "teks" ondersoek, en die tekslinguistiese konstruksie en bepaalde vlakke van analise word geidentifiseer. Hierbenewens, demonsteer die studie dat die linguistiese analise van die tekste die bespreking moet insult van die parameters van die etnografie van geskrewe tekste soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan (1996). Die etnografie van geskrewe tekste behels dat die analise van tekste die volgende vrae ondersoek: "Wie skryf wat vir watter doel, waarom, wanneer, en hoe?". Die studie ondersoek die implikasies en motivering vir die insluiting van teknalise en taalonderrig. Laastens, word die verhouding tussen die teoretiese grondslae, wat aanvaar word in hierdie studie, en die leeruitkomste van Kurrikulum 2005 ondersoek. Die studie toon aan dat teoretiese raam werk van Grabe en Kaplan (1996) wat onderliggend is aan die konstruksie van geskrewe tekste kan aanvaar word om leerders in te lei in 'n meer inklusiewe taalonderrig en kan aangewend word vir effektiewe teks analise van Tshivenda genre tekste gebaseer op die Sport tydskrifte soos BONA.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The provision of housing in South Africa is a national priority. As many of the aspirant homeowners are first-time homeowners, they are not necessarily informed about the pitfalls of home ownership. From April 1994 till March 2000 the Department of Housing approved more than 1,1 million housing subsidies. The recipients of these subsidies were first-time homeowners that did not possess the necessary knowledge and skills to make informed and responsible housing-related decisions, thus making them vulnerable to exploitation and creating complex problems that hamper the housing delivery process. The release of the National Housing Code during March 2000 announced that the South African Government had harnessed seven strategies that were aimed at providing housing to a growing low-income market that already exceeded two-and-a-half million households. Although the Government has attempted short-term solutions aimed at equipping these housing consumers with the necessary knowledge and skills to make informed and responsible housing-related decisions, initial research pointed to the need for a sustainable long-term solution in the form of education and training of the housing consumer. The aim of this research was three-fold: Firstly, to determine the knowledge and skills required by the housing consumer to be able to make informed and responsible housingrelated decisions. Secondly, to determine the status of housing education and training in the present primary and secondary school curriculums. Thirdly, to develop an outcomesbased model that would facilitate the inclusion of the identified and refined housing education and training content into the General Education and Training (GET) Band of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF). A culturally diverse group of educators and practitioners participated in four national structured group meetings that were facilitated using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The aim of these meetings was to identify the knowledge and skills required by consumers to be able to make informed and responsible housing-related decisions. Sixteen housing education and training core concepts could be isolated using the responses generated during the meetings, namely: "Basic Housing Technology" (BHT), "Community" (COMM), "Cultural Aspects of Housing" (CAH), "Environment" (ENV), "Financial Aspects of Housing" (FAR), "Housing Consumerism" (HC), "Housing Design and Decoration" (HDD), "Housing Market" (HM), "Housing Needs" (HN), "Housing Policy" (HP), "Legal Aspects of Housing" (LAH), "Resource Management" (RM), "Role- Players in Housing" (RP), "Sources of Housing Information" (SRI), "Tenure Options" (TO) and "Types of Housing" (TH). The document analysis performed in the second phase of the research, revealed the paucity of housing education and training core concepts in the current curriculum of the GET and Further Education and Training (FET) Bands of the NQF. Housing education and training core concepts occurred in only 50% of the 318 core subject curriculums. Of the housing education and training core concepts that were present in these documents, less than 40% were rated as "relevant" and could therefore be used for housing education and training of the learners. An outcomes-based model was developed that can be used to facilitate the inclusion of the housing education and training content into the Foundation, Intermediate and Senior Phases of the GET Band using the Critical Cross-Field Outcomes, Learning Areas, Specific Outcomes, Assessment Criteria, Performance Indicators, Phase and Programme Organisers, currently included in the new curriculum. Outcomes were then developed that reflected the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values embedded in the sixteen housing education and training core concepts. The mastering of these 57 outcomes will reduce the ignorance of first time homeowners during the housing process and provide a sustainable, long-term solution to these problems . / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Behuisingsvoorsiening is 'n nasionale prioriteit in Suid-Afrika. Aangesien baie van die aspirant huiseienaars, eerstemaal-huiseienaars is, is hulle nie altyd bewus van die slaggate van huiseienaarskap nie. Vanaf April 1994 tot Maart 2000 het die Departement van Behuising meer as 1,1 miljoen behuisingsubsidies goedgekeur. Die ontvangers van hierdie behuisingsubsidies was eerstemaal-huiseienaars, en het nie die kennis en vaardigdhede besit wat benodig word om ingeligte en verantwoordelike behuisingsbesluite te neem nie. Daarom kan hulle blootgestel word aan uitbuiting, en is komplekse probleme veroorsaak wat die behuisingsvoorsieningsproses negatief beinvloed. Die vrystelling van die Nasionale Behuisingskode gedurende Maart 2000 het aangetoon dat die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering sewe strategiee sou gebruik om behuising aan die groeiende lae-inkomste behuisingsmark te voorsien, wat alreeds twee-en-'n-half miljoen huishoudings behels het. Die Regering het al korttermyn oplossings op die proef gestel wat daarop gemik is om behuisingsverbruikers met die nodige kennis en vaardigdhede toe te rus om ingeligte en verantwoordelike behuisingsbesluite te neem. Verkennende navorsing het getoon dat daar steeds 'n behoefte bestaan aan 'n langtermyn, volhoubare oplossing in die vorm van opvoeding en opleiding van die behuisingsverbruiker. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was drie-voudig: Eerstens, om te bepaal watter kennis en vaardighede die behuisingsverbruiker benodig om ingeligte en verantwoordelike behuisingsbesluite te kan maak. Tweedens, om die stand van behuisingsinhoud in die huidige primere- en sekondere skoolsillabus te ondersoek. Derdens, om 'n uitkomsgerigte model te ontwikkel wat die insluiting van die geidentifiseerde en verfynde behuisingsinhoud in die Algemene Onderwysvlak (AOV) van die Nasionale Kurrikulum Raamwerk (NKR) sal bewerkstellig. 'n Kultureel diverse groep, wat bestaan het uit opvoeders en behuisingspraktisyns, het deelgeneem aan vier nasionale gestruktureerde fokusgroeponderhoude wat deur middel van die Nominale Groeptegniek (NGT) gefasiliteer is. Die doel van hierdie onderhoude was om vaardigdhede wat deur die verbruiker benodig word om ingeligte en verantwoordelike behuisingsbesluite te neem, te identifiseer. Die inligting wat tydens hierdie fokusgroeponderhoude ingewin is, is gebruik om sestien kembehuisingskonsepte te identifiseer, naamlik "Basic Housing Technology" (BHT), "Community" (COMM), "Cultural Aspects of Housing" (CAH), "Environment" (ENV), "Financial Aspects of Housing" (FAH), "Housing Consumerism" (HC), "Housing Design and Decoration" (HDD), "Housing Market" (HM), "Housing needs" (HN), "Housing Policy" (HP), "Legal Aspects of Housing" (LAH), "Resource Management" (RM), "Role-players in Housing" (RP), "Sources of Housing Information" (SID), "Tenure Options" (TO) en "Types of Housing" (TH). Die dokumentanalise in die tweede fase van die navorsing, het die huidige, gebrekkige behuisingsopvoedingskomponent van die 'kemvakkurrikulums van laer- en hoerskole uitgewys. Slegs 50% van die 318 kemvakkurrikulums het behuisingskonsepte bevat. Minder as 40% van die behuisingskonsepte wat wel in hierdie kurrikulums verskyn het, is as "relevant" geevalueer, en kon dus gebruik word vir die behuisingsopvoeding van die leerders. 'n Model wat voldoen aan die vereistes van uitkomsgebaseerde onderwysmodelle is ontwikkel om die insluiting van hierdie behuingsinhoud in die Grondslag-, Intermediere >- en Senior Fases van die AOV te bewerkstellig. Daar is gebruik gemaak van bestaande kurrikulumkonstrulcte van Kurrikulum 2005. Uitkomste is ontwikkel wat die kennis, vaardigdhede, houdings en waardes, ingesluit in die kernkonsepte, weerspieel. Die '. bemeestering van hierdie 57 uitkomste, sal die onkunde van eerstemaal-huiseienaars gedurende die behuisingsproses verminder, asook 'n volhoubare, langtermyn oplossing vir hierdie probleme daarstel.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 1994 South Africa has been characterized by transformation inter alia in the field of education. A process characterized by preparation and development of a new, extended curriculum evolved between 1994 and 1997. On 24 March 1997 Curriculum 2005 with an outcomes-based approach was introduced. Curriculum 2005 strives to bridge the imbalances of the past. Owing to the complexity of this curriculum and the problems encountered in practice, Curriculum 2005 was revised between January and July 2001 in order to address the problem areas. A change in curriculum necessitates a change in teaching-instruction strategies, learning programmes, assessment strategies and the method of recording and reporting. As educators are directly affected by the process of change in curricula, it is essential that educators are curriculum-competent to understand and implement the changes. In this regard, Evans (1996:55) states: "One of the necessary ingredients of such a restructuring is empowering the players, the teachers." An essential condition for successful implementation of change is the empowerment of educators to manage the change. The essential questions addressed in this study are: • To what degree are educators trained to manage these changes? • What does the successful implementation of change, entail specifically within the Social Sciences Learning Area? • What are the educators' needs and experience regarding change? The main focus of this study is to make a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the current changes with a view to developing a theoretical framework for the training of educators for Outcomes-based Education (OBE) within the Social Sciences Learning Area. To achieve the main focus of this study, the following specific aims have been formulated: • executing of a literature study, with regard to appropriate curriculum theory, curriculum practice and development of educators; • making a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the training process of educators within the Social Sciences Learning Area; and • developing a theoretical framework to address the problems that have been identified, regarding educator development. The contribution of this study is located not only in the appropriate literature study, but also in the fact that the outcome of this research can contribute to the development of a relevant, effective and contextualised dissemination process. It is clear that ineffective dissemination is the root cause of ineffective curriculum development, as educator development cannot be optimalised in such conditions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika word sedert 1994 deur transformasie gekenmerk, onder meer op onderwysgebied. Tussen 1994 en 1997 is 'n proses aan die gang gesit om 'n nuwe, breë kurrikulum voor te berei en te ontwikkel. Op 24 Maart 1997 is Kurrikulum 2005 bekend gestel. Met Kurrikulum 2005 se uitkomsgebaseerde benadering word daarna gestreef om die ongelykhede van die verlede te oorbrug. As gevolg van die kompleksiteit van die kurrikulum en probleme wat in die praktyk ervaar is, is Kurrikulum 2005 tussen Januarie en Julie 2001 hersien ten einde probleemareas aan te spreek. Kurrikulumverandering beteken uiteraard dat daar ook In verandering in onderrigstrategieë, leerprogramme, assesseringstrategieë en wyses van optekening en rapportering sal wees. Aangesien opvoeders direk deur die veranderingsproses van kurrikula geraak word, is dit noodsaaklik dat opvoeders kurrikulumbekwaam is om die verandering te verstaan en te implementeer. In die lig hiervan verklaar Evans (1996: 5): "One of the neccesary ingredients of such a restructuring is empowering the players - the teachers." 'n Kernvoorwaarde vir suksesvolle implementering van verandering is die bemagtiging van opvoeders om hierdie verandering te hanteer. Die kernvrae wat in hierdie studie aangespreek word, is: • In watter mate word opvoeders voorberei om sodanige veranderinge te kan hanteer? • Wat behels effektiewe opvoedervoorbereiding met die oog op die suksesvolle implementering van verandering, spesifiek binne die leerarea Sosiale Wetenskappe? • Wat is opvoeders se behoeftes en ervaring van verandering? Die hooffokus van die studie is die maak van 'n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe evaluering van huidige verandering met die oog op die ontwikkeling van 'n teoretiesee raamwerk vir die voorbereiding van opvoeders vir Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwys (UGO) binne die Leerarea Sosiale Wetenskappe. Om die hooffokus van hierdie studie te realiseer, is die volgende besondere doelstellings geformuleer: • die uitvoer van 'n literatuurstudie ten opsigte van toepaslike kurrikulumteorie, kurrikulumpraktyke en opvoederontwikkeling. • die maak van 'n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe evaluering van die voorbereidingsproses van opvoeders binne die Leerarea Sosiale Wetenskap; en • die ontwikkeling van 'n teoretiese kurrikulumraamwerk vir die aanspreek van die geïdentifiseerde probleme met betrekking tot opvoederontwikkeling. Die bydrae van hierdie studie is nie net in die toepaslike literatuurstudie geleë nie, maar ook daarin dat die uitkoms van hierdie navorsing kan bydra tot die ontwikkeling van relevante, doelmatige en gekontekstualiseerde disseminasieprosesse. Dit blyk duidelik dat oneffektiewe disseminasie 'n grondoorsaak van oneffektiewe opvoederontwikkeling is, juis omdat opvoederontwikkeling nie tot sy reg kom nie.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The introduction of Outcomes Based Education in the South African school system brought about a new approach to education. The existing system of a multitude of subjects was replaced by a curriculum with eight learning areas. In this curriculum the focus is on attitudes, skills and values which replaced a content based approach with a process-based approach. Educators thereby became facilitators in the educational process. With the barriers of segregation removed in the South African society the diversity of the population created multi-cultural classrooms. Schools became the meeting place of many cultures and belief systems. Educators who facilitated learning in schools were not always prepared for the task of managing a multi-cultural and multi-religious school environment. This change within the school system required that educators make a paradigm shift regarding their role as educators. The introduction of Curriculum 2005 (1997); The Revised National Curriculum (2001) and the National Curriculum Statement (2002) was not without problems in South Africa. Many educators resisted change and had negative perceptions about the implementation of Outcomes Based Education in schools. These perceptions stemmed from inadequate training of educators for the implementation phase of the curriculum. The lack of skills to facilitate the content of the curriculum was also visible in the educators' inability to identify values in the curriculum. The multi-cultural and multi-religious classroom confronted educators with values from the different value and belief systems of learners. It is, therefore, important that educators should be able to identify values in order to attain the outcomes of the curriculum. Previous research indicated that educators did not play an active role in the teaching of values in schools. Neither were the educators participating in this research able to either identify or promote the values identified in the curriculum. The aim of this research was to develop an instrument to assist educators in identifying values from different belief systems in C2005 (1997); The Revised National Curriculum (2001) and the National Curriculum Statement (2002). Guidelines were developed for the facilitation of the identified values within the OBE curriculum. An empirical research was undertaken regarding the management of values in schools in the Western Cape during June 1999. Possible methods and approaches to values in education in general were identified and the suggested instrument and guidelines to assist educators with the identification of values was developed. The relevance of this study is to assist in-service and pre-service educators In identifying and facilitating different belief and value systems in an OBE education system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwys (UGO) in die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolstelsel het 'n nuwe benadering tot onderwys gebring. Die veelvoudige vakkeuses van die vorige kurrikulum is vervang deur een met agt leerareas. 'n Nuwe kurrikulum wat gefokus is op gesindhede, vaardighede en waardes het op sy beurt die inhoudgebaseerde kurrikulum met 'n prosesbenadering vervang. Opvoeders het nou fasiliteerders van die leerproses geword. Die verwydering van skeidslyne in die Suid Afrikaanse samelewing het tot gevolg gehad dat die diversiteit van die S.A. bevolking tot multikulturele klaskamers gelei het. Skole het die ontmoetingsplek van vele kulture en waardestelsels geword. Die opvoeders wat die leerproses in skole moet fasiliteer, is nie altyd voorbereid op die multikulturele en multireligieuse skoolomgewing nie. Die verandering in die skoolwese vereis dat opvoeders 'n paradigmaskuif betreffende hulle rol as opvoeders moet maak. Die implementering van Kurrikulum 2005(Curriculum 2005,1997; Hersiene Nasionale Kurrikulum (Revised National Curriculum, 2001); Nasionale Kurrikulum Stelling (National Curriculum Statement, 2002) was geensins sonder probleme nie. Heelwat opvoeders het weerstand gebied en baie negatiewe persepsies is behou in verband met die implementering van Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwys in skole. Die persepsies van opvoeders ten opsigte van die implementeringsfase van die kurrikulum word gemotiveer as gevolg van die onvoldoende opleiding in die voorbereidingsproses .. Die gebrek aan vaardighede om die inhoud van die kurrikulum te fasiliteer, is sigbaar in die opvoeders se onvermoë om waardes in die kurrikulum te identifiseer. Die multikulturele en multireligieuse klaskamer het opvoeders konfronteer met die leerders se waardes vanuit hul verskillende waarde- en oriënteringsomgewings. (belief systems). Dit word belangrik geag dat opvoeders hierdie waardes kan identifiseer sodat die uitkomste van die kurrikulum behaal kan word. Vorige navorsing het aangedui dat opvoeders nie 'n aktiewe rol in die fasilitering van waardes in die skool speel nie. Die opvoeders wat deel was van hierdie navorsing, kon ook nie waardes in die kurrikulum identifiseer of bevorder nie. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om 'n instrument te ontwerp om opvoeders te help met die identifisering van waardes van die verskillende oriënteringsomgewings (belief systems) in C200S (1997); RNC (2001); NCS(2002) Riglyne is ontwerp vir fasilitering van die geïdentifiseerde waardes in die UGO kurrikulum. Empiriese ondersoek is onderneem met die doelom die hantering van waardes in Wes-Kaapse skole na te vors. Moontlike metodes en benaderings tot waardes in onderwys in die algemeen is geïdentifiseer en 'n instrument om opvoeders te help met die identifisering van waardes, is ontwikkel. Riglyne word voorgestelom opvoeders te help in hulle benadering tot waardes in die kurrikulum. Die waarde van die studie lê daarin om sowel voor- as indiensopvoeders te help met die identifisering en fasilitering van waardes vanuit die verskillende waarde en oriënteringsomgewings in 'n Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwysstelsel.

Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South-Africa is presently in a process of transformation towards the provision of quality education for all. There prevails an aim of equal education to all learners. A vision of lifelong learning was formulated on a national level so that all parties concerned can contribute towards an equal education. All parties concerned, including educators, have the learner as the central figure. The meaning of the word "learner" should be thought over by all educators, especially seen against the background of the national vision that sets inclusive and cognitive education as a priority. The educator's task now includes learners with special educational needs. The insights generated in this study reveals that educaters, at this moment, are not empowered to maximised and develop the cognitive potential of the diverse learner. The working method of schools (especially educators) should be of such a nature that all learner's cognitive, emotional, psycho-motorical and intellectual abilities should be maximised and developed. Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) as an educational approach have theoretical and philosophical assumptions which makes it appropriate for implementing cognitive and inclusive education. This qualitative study review literature and explores the world of the educator to generate insights to construct a framework to help educators to understand the relationship between OBE, Curriculum 2005 and cognitive education within an Inclusive Framework. Life-long learning and applied learning do not focus primarily on the reproduction of facts and knowledge, it aims to construct knowledge through a variety of study, learning and thinking strategies. Each learner has inherent potential and the ability to be successful in spite of his/her needs. The focus shifts to the learners strengths in order to guide and develop their potential and abilities. To establish a culture of teaching and learning in our schools reaches further than concerns about large classes and undisciplined learners. Except experience, educators need a frame of reference to work with a variety of learners stemming from different sosio-economic backgrounds, each with his/her own learningstyle and information processing abilities. In the workplace educators should use a meta-theoretical approach, consisting of a variety of learning, thinking and teaching strategies to benefit the diverse learner. A collective energy is needed in the establishment of an educational culture that is tolerant towards diverse thoughts, values, attitudes and practises. To build that culture, it is very important for each educator to have a conceptual and theoretical framework of OBE, C200S and cognitive education. This study aims to provide a framework for educators to work in schools to the benefit of diverse learners. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika is tans in 'n transformasiestadium, ook wat onderwysvoorsiening aan almal betref. Daar heers veral 'n strewe na die voorsiening van 'n gelyke onderwysvoorsiening vir alle leerders. 'n Visie van lewenslange leer is onlangs op nasionale vlak geformuleer sodat alle belanghebbendes op 'n gesonde wyse kan bydra tot 'n gelyke onderwysvoorsiening. Al hierdie belanghebbendes (insluitend opvoeders) deel een gemeenskaplikheid, naamlik die leerder. Dit is juis waar die probleem lê. Die begrip" leerder" behoort deur elke opvoeder herbesin te word, veral gesien teen die agtergrond van die nasionale visie wat inklusiewe onderwys en kognitiewe onderwys as prioriteit daar stel. Die opvoeder se taak sluit nou leerders met spesiale onderwysbehoeftes in. Die insigte gegenereer in hierdie studie dui daarop dat opvoeders nie op hierdie stadium ten volle bemagtig is om die kognitiewe potensiaal van die diverse leerder te optimaliseer nie. Skole (maar veralopvoeders) se werkswyse moet van so 'n aard wees dat alle leerders se kognitiewe, emosionele, psigo-motoriese en intellektuele vermoëns optimaal gestimuleer en verder ontwikkel word. Uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) as onderwysbenadering se teoretiese en filosofiese onderbou is van so 'n aard dat dit uiters geskik is vir die implementering van kognitiewe en inklusiewe onderwys. Die kwalitatiewe aard van hierdie studie behels die verkenning van verskillende literatuur en ondersoek die leefwêreld van opvoeders waarna gepoog word om 'n konseptuele raamwerk te struktureer om die verband tussen UGO, K2005 en kognitiewe opvoeding toe te lig binne 'n inklusiewe raamwerk. Lewenslange leer en toegepaste leer fokus nie primêr op die reproduksie van feite en kennis nie, maar het dit ten doelom kennis te konstrueer aan die hand van studie, leer en denke. Elke leerder beskik oor die inherente potensiaal en die vermoëns om suksesvol te wees ongeag sy/haar behoeftes. Die fokus verskuif na elke leerder se sterkpunte ten einde hulle te bestuur en te ontwikkel. Om dus 'n kultuur van onderrig en leer in ons skole te skep, strek verder as die bekommernisse oor groot klasse en ongedissiplineerde leerders. Buiten ervaring, benodig opvoeders 'n verwysingsraamwerk om met verskillende leerders te werk afkomstig uit verskillende sosio-ekonomiese agtergronde, elkeen met sy eie voorkeurmodaliteit en informasie prosesseringsvermoë. Die praktyk vereis dat opvoeders aan die hand van metateoretiese werkswyses gebruik maak van verskillende leer, denk en onderrigstrategieë tot voordeel van die diverse leerder. Hiervoor word 'n kollektiewe energie benodig wat in die skep van 'n opvoedkundige kultuur wat verdraagsaam is teenoor diverse denke, dieselfde denke, waardes, houdings en praktyke. Om gestalte aan so 'n kultuur te gee, is dit uiters belangrik dat elke opvoeder oor 'n eietydse konseptueie en teoretiese raamwerk ten opsigte van UGO, K200S en kognitiewe opvoeding beskik. Hierdie studie poog om 'n raamwerk aan opvoeders te voorsien om in skole te werk tot voordeel van die diverse leerder.

Thesis (MEd) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looks at the structural and conceptual trends underlying the development of outcomes-based education. Part of the democratisation process of South African education involves the introduction of a system of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South African schools. Proponents of OBE claim that it constitutes a radical break from the previous apartheid education system. For this reason OBE is viewed as a transformational perspective on the curriculum. Viewed against this backdrop OBE strives to guarantee success for all learners; to empower learners in a learner-centred environment thus creating a critical, investigative, creative, problem-solving, communicative future-orientated citizen (Department of Education 1997:10). However, after doing an analysis and an interpretation of the White Paper on Education and Training (1996), it appears as if OBE with its "fixed" outcomes has a tendency to manipulate and control learners. The analysis shows that OBE stifles learners' critical, investigative, creative and problem-solving ability. The study also reveals that as a result of globalisation there is a global discourse on knowledge production which assumes that unless our system of education conforms with this global reality, our education could be considered as being of an inferior quality. The findings of the research suggest that OBE with its fixed outcomes cannot engender transformation on its own. Rational reflection, creativity and imagination need to be imbedded in practices of teaching and learning. By doing this, OBE could offer transformative opportunities for school communities at large. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om die strukturele en konseptuele tendens onderliggend aan die ontwikkeling van UGO (Uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys) te ondersoek. Die bekendstelling van 'n UGO model in skole word gesien as deel van die demokratiseringsproses wat binne die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel plaasvind. Ondersteuners van UGO is dit eens dat UGO radikaal wegbeweeg van die apartheidsonderwysstelsel. Om hierdie rede word UGO dus gesien as 'n transformatoriese perspektieftot die kurikulum. Teen hierdie agtergrond streef UGO daama om sukses te waarborg vir alle leerders in 'n leerlinggesentreerde omgewing. Op die manier wil UGO 'n kritiese, ondersoekende, skeppende, probleemoplossende, kommunikatiewe en toekomsgerigte landsburger skep. Nadat daar egter 'n analitiese studie van die Witskrif vir Onderwys en Opleiding (1996) gedoen is wil dit tog voorkom asofUGO eerder daarop gemik is om leerders te manipuleer en te beheer. Trouens, die huidige diskoers oor kennisproduksie aanvaar dat indien 'n land se opvoeding nie die realiteit van globalisasie in ag neem nie word dit as minderwaardig beskou. Die bevindinge van die navorsmg stel voor dat UGO, met sy vaste uitkomste, wemige verandering alleen kan meebring. Daar word dus aan die hand gedoen dat indien rasionaliteit, kreatiwiteit en verbeeldingrykheid deel sou vorm van onderwys en leer dit op so 'n manier uitkomste kan komplementeer en sodoende betekenisvolle transformasie in die onderwys kan bewerkstellig.