As diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas propostas para tratamento das recessões mostram resultados variáveis, especialmente em áreas de recessão profunda. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a efetividade da técnica de enxerto ósseo em neoformação (EONF) como uma alternativa de tratamento em recessões classe I ou II de Miller. Para tanto, foram selecionados indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idade entre 18 e 45 anos apresentando pelo menos um sítio com recessão >4mm e que apresentassem ao menos um dente condenado ou rebordo desdentado que possibilitasse confecção de alvéolo cirúrgico, (grupo teste). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o tratamento: teste (n=35)- técnica de EONF e controle (n=30)- enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (ETCS). O exame clínico foi realizado por examinador único na visita inicial e 1, 3, 6 e 9 meses pós-operatórios, de acordo com as medidas de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), recessão da margem gengival (R), sangramento à sondagem (SS), índice de placa (IPl) e quantidade de gengiva ceratinizada (GC). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as duas técnicas cirúrgicas são igualmente efetivas, segundo o teste t, na diminuição da recessão (-2,77±0,16 x -3,20±0,24; p=0,14). O EONF foi mais efetivo na redução da PS (-0,85±0,10 x 0,24±0,12; p<0,0001), SS (-0,65±0,21 x 0,00±0,13; p=0,01), IPl (-1,57±0,25 x 0,43±0,31; p<0,0001) e no ganho de inserção clínica (-3,74±0,26 x -2,95±0,19; p=0,024), mas menos efetivo no aumento da faixa de gengiva ceratinizada (0,48±0,13 x 1,43±0,17, p<0,0001). A análise intra-grupo mostrou que houve melhora significativa de todos os parâmetros clínicos (p<0,05; ANOVA) nos grupos teste e controle, com exceção do IPI (p=0,577), SS (p=2,19) e PS (p=1,05) no grupo controle. Esses resultados sugerem que a técnica de granulação óssea é efetiva para o tratamento de recessões gengivais profundas, possibilitando redução da recessão e, possivelmente, regeneração dos tecidos periodontais. / Different surgical techniques have been proposed for root coverage, showing varying results, especially in areas of extense recessions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly forming bone technique (NFB) as an alternative treatment of Millers class I or II recessions. Both gender patients aged 18-45 years presenting at least one site with recession >4 mm and one condemned tooth or edentulous ridge allowing the surgical creation of an alveolus (test group) were selected. The sample was divided into two groups, according to the root coverage procedure: test (n=35) - NFB and control (n=30)- subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). Clinical examinations were performed by a single trained examiner at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after surgery according to probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession (R), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) and keratinized gingiva width (KG). The analysis by t test have shown that both techniques are effective in the reduction of recession (-2,77±0,16 x - 3,20±0,24; p=0,14). The NFB technique was more effective in the reduction of PD (-0,85±0,10 x 0,24±0,12; p<0,0001), BOP (-0,65±0,21 x 0,00±0,13; p=0,01), PI (-1,57±0,25 x 0,43±0,31; p<0,0001) and gain of CAL (-3,74±0,26 x - 2,95±0,19; p=0,024), but less effective in the increase of KG width (0,48±0,13 x 1,43±0,17, p<0,0001). Intra-group analysis showed a significant improvement of all clinical parameters (p<0,05; ANOVA) for both groups, except for PI (p=0,4267), BOP (p=2,19) and PD (p=1,05) in control group. These results suggest that the NFB technique is effective to the treatment of large recession defects, allowing the reduction of recession and, possibly, regeneration of periodontal tissues.

A seleção de linhagens de frangos de corte com altas taxas de crescimento e aumento de rendimento muscular vem contribuindo para o surgimento de perdas significativas na indústria avícola em decorrência de modificações anatômicas. Dentre estas alterações, destaca-se uma miopatia que se caracteriza pelo aparecimento de graus de estrias esbranquiçadas no músculo Pectoralis major, as quais seguem a direção da fibra muscular, referida como white striping. A etiologia da white striping ainda é desconhecida, mas avaliações histológicas demonstraram que esta alteração é usualmente associada à degeneração muscular e alterações miopáticas. Problemas de qualidade da carne podem ser resultantes de mudanças estruturais, morfométricas e bioquímicas do tecido muscular, com consequente alteração nas fibras musculares. Para tanto este trabalho, conduzido através de dois experimentos, teve como objetivos caracterizar histopatologicamente a miopatia white striping em diferentes graus de severidade (NORM, MOD, SEV) no músculo Pectoralis major de frangos de corte e as características morfométricas das fibras musculares, bem como avaliar a incidência desta condição em frangos de corte de linhagem Cobb abatidos aos 42 dias de idade. No primeiro experimento, a avaliação histopatológica demonstrou uma miopatia degenerativa nos graus de severidade classificados como MOD e SEV, entretanto as amostras de grau MOD apresentaram necrose ou necrose multifocal moderada, enquanto as de grau SEV apresentaram necrose difusa e acentuada, sugerindo avanço do processo degenerativo. Não foi observada proliferação de tecido conjuntivo em nenhum dos graus de white striping analisados, caracterizando este caso como de ocorrência aguda. No segundo experimento, foram verificados menor área de tecido muscular, menor diâmentro e maior densidade de fibras nos músculos Pectoralis major de frangos acometidos com white striping (MOD e SEV) quando comparado aos peitos sem esta condição (NORM). Conforme os resultados obtidos nesta pequisa, pode-se concluir que as fibras com os graus MOD e SEV de white striping demonstraram o início de um processo de regeneração muscular, de característica hiperplásica. / Genetic selection of broiler chickens for growth rate and increase of muscle yield has contributed to the appearance of significant losses in the poultry industry caused by anatomical changes. Among these alterations stands out a myophathy characterized by the occurrence of white striations on Pectoralis major muscle, seen parallel to the direction of muscle fibers, referred as white striping. The etiology of white striping is still unknown but histological changes demonstrated that this alteration is usually associated with muscle degeneration and myopatic changes. Meat quality problems may result from structural, morphological and biochemical changes of muscle tissue with consequent alterations in muscle fibers. To this study, two experiments were conducted, and aimed to histopathologically characterize the myopathy white striping at varying degrees of severity (NORM, MOD, SEV) on broilers Pectoralis major muscle and the morphometric muscle fibers characteristics as well as evaluate the incidence of this condition on Cobb 500 broiler breast fillets slaughtered at 42 days of age. The histopathological evaluation on experiment 1 showed a degenerative myopathy in both MOD and SEV degrees, however the samples classified as MOD showed microscopically necrosis or necrosis multifocal moderate, while the classified as SEV showed necrosis diffuse and strong suggesting an advancement in the degenerative process. The proliferation of connective tissue was not observed for either of the degrees of white striping investigated, characterizing this profile as an acute occurrence. In experiment 2, small area and diameter and higher densities of muscle fiber were observed in broilers Pectoralis major muscle with white striping (MOD and SEV) compared to NORM. According to the results, we can conclude that muscle fibers with white striping showed the beginning of a muscle regeneration process with hyperplasic characteristics.

Objectives: Tooth replacement therapy using endosseous implants has become an essential component of contemporary dental practice. While a plethora of factors determine clinical success, the bucco-lingual and apico-coronal dimensions of the peri-implant mucosa play an important role in both esthetics and the maintenance of peri-implant health. Studies, most of which treat mucogingival defects in the natural dentition, comparing acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and autologous subepithelial connective tissue grafts (sCTG) have shown similar clinical outcomes. The purpose of this non-inferiority trial is to determine the clinical efficacy of ADM in the augmentation of peri-implant mucosa thickness (PMT) as compared to an autologous sCTG in human adults. Methods: Twenty healthy adults treatment planned for a single tooth implant restoration in need of simultaneous peri-implant mucosa augmentation at the time of implant placement were recruited on the basis of an eligibility criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to the control group (autologous sCTG), or the experimental group (ADM allograft). Clinical measurements of mucosal thickness at the site were made with a periodontal probe and an endodontic spreader at baseline and 16 weeks post-op. These measurements were made by a masked, calibrated examiner. Gingival health, oral hygiene, wound healing and patient reported outcomes were also obtained. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the mean mucosal thickness changes between the groups. Results: The mean gain in PMT was approximately 1.5mm in the control group and 0.8mm in the experimental group. When measured at 1, 3 and 5mm apical from the CEJ, only the 3mm site exhibited a difference between the groups that approached statistical significance (control: 2.08 ± 0.80mm, test: 0.83 ± 1.37mm, Mann Whitney U = 10.00, p=0.05). Changes in keratinized mucosa width, healing index and patient reported outcomes were generally similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both autologous sCTG and ADM appear to be adequate materials to augment PMT without sacrificing other relevant clinical parameters and/or patient related outcomes.

Abstract The increase of cardiac hemodynamic load that requires increased mechanical performance drives adaptation of the heart to maintain cardiac function. Modification of protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes allows the cells to adapt to the increased load. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and activation of cardiac fibroblasts over the long term is maladaptive and leads to heart failure (HF). Members of the transforming growth factor-&#946; (TGF-&#946;) superfamily contribute to the remodeling process. TGF-β1 acts as a paracrine messenger between cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) modulates TGF-&#946; signaling and plays a role in the development of fibrosis. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether blocking the actions of CTGF could alleviate ischemic injury and reduce cardiac remodeling. We determined whether blocking the action of these ligands would modulate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In the first study, we found that antagonizing the function of CTGF protected from transverse aortic constriction (TAC) -induced left ventricular remodeling. In the second study in myocardial infarction (MI) model, blocking the function of CTGF resulted in improved post-MI survival and this prevented to the decrease in left ventricular contractile function as compared to the situation in control mice. Treatment with CTGF mAb attenuated the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and limited the increase in cardiomyocyte size and deposition of interstitial fibrosis in a remote area. In the third study, targeting the TGF-&#946; superfamily members myostatin and activins, by administration of a soluble decoy receptor of activin receptor 2B (ACVR2B-Fc) did not affect the extent of MI injury or cardiac remodeling in MI -induced ischemic HF. Understanding the complex and converging pathways regulating cardiac remodeling is a major challenge, but it may allow for opportunities to develop new therapies, new medicines and provide new hope for people with these life-threatening diseases. / Tiivistelmä Sydämen lisääntynyt kuormitus vaatii lisääntynyttä supistusvoimaa, joka johtaa sydänlihaksen adaptaatioon pumppaustehon ylläpitämiseksi. Alkuvaiheessa sydämen liikakasvu on hyödyllistä, mutta pidempään jatkuessaan se johtaa lopulta pumppaustoiminnan heikkenemiseen ja sydämen vajaatoimintaan. Useiden signalointimekanismien on osoitettu säätelevän sydänlihaksen adaptoitumista patologisille tiloille. Transformoiva kasvutekijä –&#946; (TGF-&#946;) proteiiniperhe säätelee sydämen adaptoitumista sekä vasemman kammion seinämän myötäävyyttä venytykselle. TGF-&#946;1 indusoi supistuskykyisten myofibroblastien muodostumista sekä kollageenin tuotantoa. Runsas kollageenin tuotanto vahvistaa sydämen seinämää ja on tarpeen sydäninfarktivaurion korjaamisessa, mutta pitkään jatkuessaan se heikentää sydämen toimintaa ja altistaa rytmihäiriöille, sydämen vajaatoiminnalle sekä sydänperäiselle äkkikuolemalle. Sidekudoskasvutekijä (CTGF) säätelee TGF-&#946;1:n signalointia ja se osallistuu haavan paranemiseen sekä fibroosiin. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, voidaanko sidekudoskasvutekijän tai TGF-&#946; -perheen proteiinien toimintaa estämällä lievittää sydämen vajaatoiminnan kehittymistä. Koetuloksemme osoittavat, että CTGF:n toiminnan estäminen vasta-aineen (mAb) avulla vähentää hemodynaamisen liikakuormituksen indusoimaa vasemman kammion toiminnan heikkenemistä, kammion laajenemista sekä fibroosia. CTGF mAb myös vähentää kuolleisuutta ja estää sydämen toiminnan heikkenemistä sydäninfarktin jälkeen sekä lievittää sydäninfarktin jälkeistä dilatoivan kardiomyopatian kehittymistä. Aktiviinien ja myostatiinin toiminnan esto liukoisen aktiviinireseptori 2B:n (ACVR2B-Fc) avulla sen sijaan ei vaikuta sydäninfarktivaurioon tai iskeemisen vajaatoiminnan kehittymiseen. ACVR2B-Fc kuitenkin lisää luurankolihaksen kasvua, estäen sydämen vajaatoimintaan liittyvää luurankolihaskatoa. Sydämen hypertrofian ja vajaatoiminnan syntymisen kannalta keskeisten signaalinvälitysreittien tunnistaminen ja niiden toiminnan ymmärtäminen auttaisi kehittämään tehokkaampia lääkehoitoja sydänsairauksiin.

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Disertacijos tema: Odos kraujagyslių ir jungiamojo audinio pažeidimai sergant sistemine skleroze. Disertacijos tikslas buvo nustatyti kraujagyslių pažeidimo ir fibrozės vystymosi eiliškumą, ištiriant kraujagyslių pakitimus odoje ir jungiamajame audinyje sergantiems sistemine skleroze , su šiai patologijai būdinga kraujagyslių atrezija, bei palyginant su kitomis būklėmis, kurių metu kraujagyslių atrezijos nėra (sistemine raudonaja vilklige), bei su būklėmis, kurioms būdingas kraujagyslių funkcinis nestabilumas (Reino sindromas). Tai retrospektyvus tyrimas. Analizuota po 20 kiekvienos iš minėtų ligų sergančių ligonių ir kontrolinės grupės odos biopsijų. Be rutininių histocheminių dažymų, naudata eilė imunohistocheminių žymenų ir elektroninis mikroskopinis tyrimas. Nustatyta, kad sergantiems sistemine skleroze odoje ankščiau, negu išreikšta fibrozė pasireiškia kraujagyslių endotelio pažeidimai ir padidėjęs kraujagyslių sienelės pralaidumas. Nustatyta, kad kraujagyslių endotelio augimo veiksnio VEGF-A ir jo receptoriaus FLT-1, ir ypač HSP-47 (terminio šoko baltymo, kolagenams specifinio šaperono skatinančio fibrozę), bei eNOS (endotelio azoto sintazės) gausi ekspresija yra ankstyvos sisteminės sklerozės stadijos endotelio pakenkimo imunohistocheminiai žymenys. Taip pat nustatyta, kad ankstyvosios sisteminės sklerozės stadijos patogenezėje odoje vyrauja smulkių kraujagyslių pažeidimai. Rekomenduota naudoti odos biopsiją kaip pagalbinį diagnostinį metodą diferencijuojant tarp... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Dissertation topic: the damage to dermal blood vessels and connective tissue during systemic sclerosis. The aim of this dissertation was to determine the sequence in the development of vascular damage and fibrosis by studying vascular changes in the skin and connective tissue of systemic sclerosis patients with vascular atresia characteristic of this pathology and by comparing it with other conditions, where there is no vascular atresia (systemic lupus erythematosus), and with conditions, which are characterised by vascular function instability (Raynaud’s phenomenon). This was a retrospective study, which analysed 60 patients with the aforementioned diseases, 20 with each disease, and a control group of 20 skin biopsies. In addition to routine histochemical stains, a series of immunohistochemical signs and electron microscopic examination were used. It was determined that damage to the vascular endothelium and increased permeability of the vascular walls appear earlier than expressed fibrosis in the skin of systemic sclerosis patients and that the abundant expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and its receptor FLT-1 and especially HSP-47 (heat shock protein, a collagen-specific chaperone that induces fibrosis) and eNOS endothelial (nitric oxide synthase) are immunohistochemical signs of endothelial injury in the early stage of systemic sclerosis. It was determined that in the pathogenesis of the early stage of systemic sclerosis, damage to the small blood... [to full text]

Dissertation topic: the damage to dermal blood vessels and connective tissue during systemic sclerosis. The aim of this dissertation was to determine the sequence in the development of vascular damage and fibrosis by studying vascular changes in the skin and connective tissue of systemic sclerosis patients with vascular atresia characteristic of this pathology and by comparing it with other conditions, where there is no vascular atresia (systemic lupus erythematosus), and with conditions, which are characterised by vascular function instability (Raynaud’s phenomenon). This was a retrospective study, which analysed 60 patients with the aforementioned diseases, 20 with each disease, and a control group of 20 skin biopsies. In addition to routine histochemical stains, a series of immunohistochemical signs and electron microscopic examination were used. It was determined that damage to the vascular endothelium and increased permeability of the vascular walls appear earlier than expressed fibrosis in the skin of systemic sclerosis patients and that the abundant expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and its receptor FLT-1 and especially HSP-47 (heat shock protein, a collagen-specific chaperone that induces fibrosis) and eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase are immunohistochemical signs of endothelial injury in the early stage of systemic sclerosis. It was determined that in the pathogenesis of the early stage of systemic sclerosis, damage to the small blood... [to full text] / Disertacijos tema: Odos kraujagyslių ir jungiamojo audinio pažeidimai sergant sistemine skleroze. Disertacijos tikslas buvo nustatyti kraujagyslių pažeidimo ir fibrozės vystymosi eiliškumą, ištiriant kraujagyslių pakitimus odoje ir jungiamajame audinyje sergantiems sistemine skleroze , su šiai patologijai būdinga kraujagyslių atrezija, bei palyginant su kitomis būklėmis, kurių metu kraujagyslių atrezijos nėra (sistemine raudonaja vilklige), bei su būklėmis, kurioms būdingas kraujagyslių funkcinis nestabilumas (Reino sindromas). Tai retrospektyvus tyrimas, analizuota po 20 kiekvienos iš minėtų ligų sergančių ligonių ir kontrolinės grupės odos biopsijų. Be rutinių histocheminių dažymų naudata eilė imunohistocheminių žymenų ir elektroninės mikroskopijos tyrimas. Nustatyta, kad sergantiems sistemine skleroze odoje ankščiau, negu išreikšta fibrozė pasireiškia kraujagyslių endotelio pažeidimai ir padidėjęs kraujagyslių sienelės pralaidumas, kad kraujagyslių endotelio augimo veiksnio VEGF-A ir jo receptoriaus FLT-1, ir ypač HSP-47 (terminio šoko baltymo, kolagenams specifinio šaperono skatinančio fibrozę), bei eNOS (endotelio azoto sintazės) gausi ekspresija yra ankstyvos sisteminės sklerozės stadijos endotelio pakenkimo imunohistocheminiai žymenys. Nustatyta, kad ankstyvosios sisteminės sklerozės stadijos patogenezėje odoje vyrauja smulkių kraujagyslių pažeidimai ir į tą tikslinga atsižvelgti skiriant patogeneze pagristą sisteminės sklerozės gydymą Rekomenduota naudoti odos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 162 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Lizeti Toledo de Oliveira Ramalho / Banca: Rita de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro / Banca: Wilson Roberto Poi / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade biológica in vivo de materiais odontológicos para remoção químico-mecânica do tecido cariado. Para isto, foram utilizados 32 camundongos que receberam no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo o implante de tubos de polietileno preenchidos com Carisolv, Papacárie® e base de gel. Os animais foram sacrificados 3, 7, 20 e 30 dias após a cirurgia de implante, sendo os espécimes obtidos processados e submetidos à análise histológica. Os resultados mostraram que o Carisolv provocou uma inativação do metabolismo celular no período inicial, seguida de resposta inflamatória no período final. O grupo do Papacárie® manteve uma inflamação moderada até os 20 dias, que diminuiu de intensidade aos 30 dias e a base do gel provocou reação inflamatória discreta inicial, que aumentou aos 30 dias. Pôde-se concluir que o Carisolv, o Papacárie® e a base de gel são biocompatíveis com o tecido conjuntivo, porém as alterações provocadas por estes materiais são estatisticamente diferentes. / Abstract: The aim of this work was evaluate biological compatibility in vivo of dental materials to chemo-mechanical removal of caries. This study was conducted to observe in thirty-two mice subcutaneous connective tissue reaction to the implanted polyethylene tubes filled with Carisolv, Papacárie® and gel base. The animals were sacrificed 3, 7, 20 and 30 days after the implantation procedure. The implant sites were excised and prepared for histological evaluation. The results showed that Carisolv inactivated the cellular metabolism in the initial period, followed by inflammatory response in the final period. The group of Papacárie® maintained moderate inflammation until 20 days, that reduced the intensity in 30 days and the gel base provoked initial discrete inflammatory reaction, that increased in 30 days. Carisolv, Papacárie® and gel base are biocompatible with connective tissue, although alterations caused for these materials are statistically different. / Mestre

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as características do tecido conjuntivo de 11 folículos pericoronários, 12 cistos dentígeros e de 14 tumores odontogênicos ceratocísticos (TOCs). A amostra foi submetida às técnicas de Hematoxilina e Eosina, Tricrômico de Masson, Picrosírius, Direct Blue e Orceína. Tricrômico de Masson foi utilizado para avaliação de diferenças de densidade e de paralelismo das fibras colágenas, bem como presença de infiltrado linfoplasmocitário. Picrosírius serviu para mensuração da quantidade de fibras colágenas; Direct Blue e Orceína, para identificação do sistema de fibras elásticas. Lâminas coradas por essas três últimas técnicas foram visualizadas em microscopia confocal a laser. Os resultados mostraram semelhança entre o folículo pericoronário e o TOC: paralelismo de fibras colágenas arranjadas em um padrão eminentemente denso, podendo conter uma camada de densidade frouxa junto ao tecido epitelial. As cápsulas de cistos dentígeros eram compostas por fibras colágenas desorganizadas, ou não paralelas, em um arranjo frouxo com presença de infiltrado linfoplasmocitário. Não foi observada marcação para fibras do sistema elástico. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a cápsula do TOC representa o estroma da lesão, desempenhando função de suporte e que, diferentemente, o tecido conjuntivo do cisto dentígero é parte da resposta inflamatória. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the connective tissue features of pericoronal follicles, dentigerous cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumor. The sample was submitted to Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson Trichrome, Picrosirius, Direct Blue and Orcein stains. Masson Trichrome was performed to distinguish collagen fibers density and parallelism, as well as chronic infiltrate presence. Picrosirius was performed to collagen fibers quantification; Direct Blue and Orcein, to elastic system fibers identification. Picrosirius, Direct Blue and Orcein staining slides were observed by means confocal laser scanning microscope. Results showed similar features between pericoronal follicle and keratocystic odontogenic tumor: parallel collagen fibers, more tightly packed collagen fibers, and sometimes a soft layer beneath epithelial tissue. Dentigerous cyst capsule was composed by wound collagen fibers, soft packed, associated to chronic inflammatory infiltrate. It was not observed elastic system fibers labeling. Based on results, it was concluded that keratocystic odontogenic tumor capsule represent the lesion stroma, playing a support role. This finding is different from dentigerous cyst where connective tissue is produced by inflammatory response.