The thesis investigates whether contemporary policy and practice support formal and informal learning in the field of archaeology. Also, the assumption that multi-sector partnerships broaden community participation in heritage activities is interrogated. The multi-method comparative research model applied both empirical and qualitative methods to three case studies in the Midlands of Britain. Each of these projects gained funding to exhibit archaeology to the public during the course of the research. The policies and practices of the key individuals in the partnerships were investigated through taped interviews, and the data was analysed using cognitive mapping (Tolman, 1948, Buzan, 1993). Data about the visitors were gathered through questionnaire surveys, taped oral accounts, and observational studies. The interests, concerns and agenda of the principle stakeholders were compared. The results indicated that the role of the volunteers was crucial to the success and sustainability of the projects. However, some volunteers felt that they were weaker partners, and this was linked to a distinction between amateurs and professionals. The power of local authorities in heritage partnerships and their conflicting roles as developers and guardians of the archaeological heritage are questioned. Ways to facilitate participatory partnerships are suggested. The research draws on Foucault's definition of discourse, and Bourdieu's human capital theories and his concept of habitus and distinction. The links between informal and formal learning are rarely researched and theorised, but this study identifies how archaeologists, acting as "cultural intermediaries" (Bourdieu, 1984: 14), can create and sustain learning opportunities for adults, collapsing some of the traditional hierarchies between popular entertainment, community knowledge, and intellectual knowledge. The thesis places learning in archaeology within the theory of a structured taxonomy of learning (Biggs, 1971, Biggs and Collis, 1982).

Sports leadership has received increased promotion during the past two decades, as a tool for providing individuals with leadership skills and in contributing towards community sport development objectives. Sports Leaders UK (SLUK) play a key role in providing sports leadership training programmes in the UK, training over 200,000 leaders each year. This aims of this research was to evaluate the work of SLUK, in contributing towards the development of sport the personal and career development of the leaders undertaking the awards. A mixed methods approach was adopted to achieve ‘enhancement’ of findings. The first quantitative phase involved binary logistic regression analysis of SLUK’s candidate database (n=76,179) and set out to identify the predictor variables associated with award completion. The second quantitative phase provided analysis of surveys (n=76), and set out to explore relationships between the leaders’ career and personal development and involvement in the SLUK awards. The final qualitative study sought to gain the views and perspectives of the sports leaders who had engaged with the SLUK awards through the use of semi-structured interviews (n=16). This study aimed to further investigate the impact of SLUK awards on career development and in contributing towards sport and other community outcomes. Results showed that the SLUK awards were perceived to contribute to developing sport, particularly within the school environment. Furthermore, with the training and development of more sports leaders who are actively leading sport, more opportunities were found to be provided across the UK. Engagement in the awards was found to increase feelings of self-worth, which in turn helped build self-esteem and confidence in the leaders. Important factors which appeared to be associated with award completion and continued leadership behaviour included location of the award (i.e. centre type) and choice of participation in the awards. The research provides original contribution to knowledge by exploring the impact of SLUK awards on the leaders’ personal development and community sport. Future delivery of sports leadership needs to be focused in communities if sports leaders are to make the transition from schools to community clubs and continue volunteering. Support from mentors was found to be crucial in ensuring that sports leaders sustain their voluntary leadership.

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Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como professoras alfabetizadoras da rede pública estadual paulista lidam com o modo de alfabetizar proposto pelos programas de formação continuada Letra e Vida e Ler e Escrever implantados pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEE-SP) desde 2003 tendo em vista a forma pela qual veem as diversas dimensões do trabalho que realizam para a alfabetização dos seus alunos. Os referidos programas são elaborados para serem desenvolvidos na sala de aula a partir de material impresso de apoio específico para a série/ano e a constante formação dos professores envolvidos. Para a realização da pesquisa, entre setembro e dezembro de 2010 foram aplicados questionários e feitas entrevistas acerca da origem social, trajetória de formação escolar e profissional, hábitos de lazer e cultura, experiências vivenciadas nos referidos programas e a sua influência sobre a própria atuação profissional com dez professoras alfabetizadoras de seis escolas de uma diretoria de ensino da região leste da capital que tiveram aproveitamento diverso nas provas do Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar de São Paulo (SARESP) de língua portuguesa dos 3º e 5º anos do ensino fundamental, no período de 2008 a 2010, considerando o fato de a prova ser organizada dentro dos princípios norteadores dos programas. A análise dos resultados obtidos permitiu notar diferenças em relação à idade, escolha da profissão, formação, tempo de docência na rede estadual, acesso aos bens culturais, mas aproximações no que diz respeito à origem social e as condições de vida. Além disso, foi possível constatar que todas as professoras alfabetizadoras entrevistadas são docentes estabilizadas na carreira profissional e detentoras de bastante experiência no magistério. Elas referem-se à docência como exercício profissional, que requer formação específica e continuada, mas suas declarações sobre o ensino e a profissão também remetem ao prazer e a vontade de ensinar. Tendo como principais referências as obras de Chartier, Nóvoa e Tardif, a análise do conteúdo das entrevistas procurou mostrar a forma como cada uma delas apropriou-se do que foi proposto pelos cursos numa tentativa de reelaborar as próprias práticas. Nesse sentido, foi possível notar diferenças significativas nas prioridades estabelecidas por elas para o desenvolvimento de seu trabalho. Algumas priorizaram o uso das sondagens para identificar a hipótese de escrita de seus alunos; outras os momentos diários de leitura em voz alta para os alunos; outras ainda passaram a alfabetizar tendo como preocupação a intenção de oferecer aos alunos, desde o início do processo de alfabetização, textos que não fossem escolarizados, mas que conservassem as suas características de uso social; por fim, algumas professoras optaram por adotar o trabalho interativo, com uso de jogos, organizando os alunos em agrupamentos para a realização das tarefas de leitura e escrita. Dessa forma, ainda que essas professoras tenham tido a mesma formação continuada, recebido as mesmas orientações e os mesmos materiais didáticos, cada qual apropriou-se de forma particular e única dos conceitos e concepções ali veiculados, ressignificando um saber já existente. / This research aims to analyze how literacy teachers from the São Paulo state public education networking, work with the literacy manner proposed by the continuing training programs called Letra e Vida and Ler e Escrever - implemented by the São Paulo state Education Department (SP-ESS) since 2003 - given the way they see the several dimensions of their work for the literacy of their students. These programs are prepared to be developed in the classroom with printed support material specific for the grade/year and the frequent training of the involved teachers. For conduct the survey between September and December 2010 were administered questionnaires and interviews made about the social origin, history of the school and professional training, leisure and culture habits, experiences in these programs and their influence on the professional work with ten literacy teachers from six schools of an education department from the east region of the capital that had different evaluations in the tests of the São Paulo Education Achievement Assessment System (SARESP) in portuguese language in the 3rd and 5th years of the elementary education in the period 2008 to 2010, considering the fact that the examinations was organized within the guiding principles of the programs. The analysis of the results obtained allowed find the differences related to age, career choice, training, teaching experience in state, access to cultural goods, but similarities regarding to social origin and living conditions. Furthermore, it was found that all literacy teachers interviewed are stabilized teachers in the professional career and holding a lot of experience in teaching. They refer to teaching as professional practice that requires specific and continuing training, but their statements about the teaching and the profession also refer to the pleasure and the desire to teach. Taking as main references, Chartier, Nóvoa and Tardif works the content analysis of the interviews tried to show how each of them appropriated of the courses proposal in an attempt to rebuild their own practices. Thus, it was possible to verify significant differences in the priorities set for them to develop their work. Some of them prioritize the use of surveys to identify the hypothesis of writing of their students, some others prioritize the daily moments of reading aloud to their students, others still come to literacy having as a concern the intention to offer to students, since from the beginning of the literacy process, texts that were not adapted for school, but that retained the characteristics of social use; and finally, some teachers chosen to adopt the interactive work, using games, organizing students into groups to execute the tasks of reading and writing. So, even that these teachers have had the same continuing education, received the same guidelines and the same didactic material, each one appropriated in a particular and unique manner of the concepts and conceptions presented there, remeaning an existing knowledge.

A dispensação é um serviço farmacêutico importante para a promoção do uso correto dos medicamentos, prevenção de agravos à saúde e alcance de resultados satisfatórios da farmacoterapia. Entretanto, para que essa prática seja realizada adequadamente, é necessário que o farmacêutico esteja devidamente capacitado e possua conhecimento sobre fisiopatologia, terapêutica e legislação sanitária para subsidiar a relação com o paciente e com outros profissionais da saúde. Apesar disso, uma pesquisa revelou que 78,6% dos farmacêuticos não possuem conhecimento satisfatório para a realização da dispensação e mais da metade dos profissionais apontam a falta de tempo e recursos como obstáculo para a participação em cursos de capacitação presenciais. Buscando, então, intervir sobre os resultados da pesquisa citada, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de um curso à distância na capacitação de farmacêuticos para a prática da dispensação de medicamentos. O estudo do tipo experimental teve como população farmacêuticos comunitários de todo o país. Desenvolveu-se um curso de capacitação na plataforma Moodle, no qual foi abordada a dispensação de medicamentos no tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis mais prevalentes no Brasil (hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemias e asma). Um questionário foi elaborado e validado para mensurar o conhecimento dos participantes em dois momentos distintos: antes (baseline) e após (endpoint) o curso. Além disso, foram avaliados: i) a satisfação dos participantes em relação ao modelo de capacitação proposto, por meio de um questionário específico; ii) a prática da dispensação pelos farmacêuticos de Ribeirão Preto - SP selecionados para participar do curso, por meio da técnica do paciente simulado. Os resultados indicam que o curso foi efetivo na capacitação dos profissionais (p < 0,05), embora não tenha sido percebido no endpoint um melhor desempenho em relação à prática da dispensação entre os farmacêuticos que participaram da avaliação pelo paciente simulado. Apesar disso, os profissionais se mostraram satisfeitos com relação ao curso. Como conclusão, verificou-se que um curso à distância é efetivo para capacitar farmacêuticos em relação à dispensação de medicamentos, mas também permitiu atestar que essa estratégia não é suficiente para tornar satisfatória a realização do serviço. Atividades práticas que desenvolvam a performance e as condutas dos profissionais devem ser exploradas ao longo da capacitação. Todavia, o farmacêutico precisa também assumir posturas mais adequadas durante a dispensação, não permitindo que as pressões de mercado interfiram sobre a qualidade do seu serviço. / The dispensing drugs is an important pharmaceutical service to promote the rational use of drugs and so it is possible to prevent health problems and achieve satisfactory results of pharmacotherapy. However, for this practice to be properly carried out, it is necessary that the pharmacist is properly trained and have knowledge about pathophysiology, treatments and health legislation to support the relationship with the patient and other health professionals. Nevertheless, a survey revealed that 78.6% of pharmacists do not have adequate knowledge to perform the dispensing drugs and more than half of these professionals point that the lack of time and resources as a barrier to participation in classroom training courses. So we seek to intervene on the results of the cited survey by this study that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a distance learning course in the training of pharmacists to the practice of dispensing drugs. This is a clinical trial and the study population wer community pharmacists across the country. A training course was developed in Moodle, which was addressed to dispensing drugs in the treatment of the most prevalent chronic noncommunicable in Brazil (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and asthma). A questionnaire was developed and validated to measure the knowledge of the participants at two different times: before (baseline) and after (endpoint) the course. In addition, we also evaluated: i) the satisfaction of participants in relation to the proposed training model through a specific questionnaire; ii) the practice of dispensing drugs by pharmacists of Ribeirão Preto - SP selected to attend the course, through mistery shopper technique. The results indicate that the course was effective in professional training (p <0.05), although it was not realized in endpoint better performance in the practice of dispensing pharmacists who participated in the evaluation by the mistery shopper. Nevertheless, the professionals were satisfied with the course. In conclusion, it was found that a distance course is effective to enable pharmacists in relation to the dispensing drugs, but also allowed certify that this strategy is not sufficient to render satisfactory service realization. Practical activities to develop the performance and behavior of professionals should be explored along the training. However, the pharmacist must also take more appropriate positions during the dispensation and not allow market pressures to interfere on the quality of their service.

Com a evolução da tecnologia a modalidade de Educação a Distância ganhou forças e provocou a necessidade de que o professor que trabalhe com esta modalidade, tenha competências diversificadas para atender diferentes estratégias. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo desenvolver um instrumento flexível, valido e confiável para avaliar as competências do tutor em Educação a Distância. Alguns autores propuseram modelos e instrumentos para avaliação das competências, porém ligado a uma só instituição ou focado em um só contexto. Em etapas, esta pesquisa se propõe a realizar uma revisão bibliográfica e investigar as competências citadas na literatura relacionadas à função docente de Tutoria e por meio de especialistas em EAD, elencarem as competências essenciais para sua realização e dividir em dimensões. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos cursos de Bacharelado em Administração e Logística e Licenciaturas de Computação, Geografia, História, Letras dos pólos de Batatais e Gestão em Tecnologia da Informação, Licenciatura em Geografia e Ciências Contábeis do Centro Universitário Claretiano de Batatais. O método \"Alfa de Cronbach\" foi indicado para análise da fidelidade das informações adquiridas. A análise dos dados mostrou que o instrumento pode ser flexível e evidencia informações precisas para apoiar a gestão do conhecimento no que se refere a formação e treinamento de tutores. / With technological developments and new demands from the information society, distance education has been increasing and intensifying the need for professors to work with this type of education and acquire diversified skills to work in this new scenario. This research has as main objective is to develop a flexible, reliable and valid instrument for evaluating the skills of the Tutor in Distance Education. There are a number of models and instruments for assessing these skills, but always focused on only a single institution or context. ln its different stages, this research will conduct a review of the literature of distance education experts about the skills needed to function in different dimensions of the Tutor. Data collection will take place in distance education courses in Graduate of Business Administration and Accounting, Logistics Management and Information Technology, Computer Science, Geography, History and Language offered by the Centro Universitário Claretiano de Batatais. Data analysis showed that the instrument can be flexible and accurate evidence to support the management of knowledge regarding the fonnation and training of tutors.

Lifelong learning requires motivation to complete learning projects across the lifespan. Understanding an individual’s commitment to extended periods of learning is not well understood. There are particular gaps in longitudinal and biographical accounts of learners grounded in frameworks of lifespan theories. Equally missing are accounts that consider the dynamical nature of learning across time. Three learner biographies are examined to develop a dynamical control perspective of motivation for extended learning. Drawing on a regulatory framework the Lifespan Theory of Control and concepts from complexity perspectives particularly Non Linear Dynamical Systems Theory, including feedback, attractors and bifurcation, A model is offered which synthesises processes of control, motivation and dynamics leading to competence and accounting for extended periods of learning.

This thesis reports on barriers and enablers to participation within Further Education from the perspective of the student voice. It is based on the work of Veronica McGivney (1993) who reported on research undertaken by Cross (1981) which divided deterrents to participation into three categories, namely, Situational, Institutional and Dispositional. McGivney reports these categories to be “oversimplified”. Student participation/non-participation is explored via the opinions/perspectives of learners on the Access to Higher Education Programme within a traditional mining community which is in the process of redefining its identity following the closure of local coal mines within the last few decades. To accommodate the complexity that arose from this research, the discourses of both ‘individual needs’ and ‘student voice’ have been problematised. Quantitative and qualitative survey methods are drawn upon including data from questionnaires, focus group and college Management Information Systems. Nine emergent themes that may act as sub-layers to the themes of Situational, Institutional and Dispositional categories reported by McGivney and one meta-theme (Opportunity) are discussed. High levels of interrelatedness between emergent themes point to a fluid dynamic within the decision-making process of prospective participants. The research concludes with a practical ‘framework for participation’ that attempts to reflect this fluidity.

This thesis explores experiences of college-based higher education (CBHE) in England, positioning this type of provision within the national and local geographies of English higher education. Focusing on institutions located in higher education 'cold spots', the thesis situates these institutions within local and policy narratives of both lack of and need for educational opportunity. The case study research design examines two case institutions, and involves documentary analysis and interviews with higher education directors, tutors and final year students on two degree courses in each college, as well as interviews with key figures in national Further Education policy. Data analysis deploys the concept of possible selves in an original, sociologically-oriented dialogue with de Certeau's 'spatial story' to produce accounts of placed possible selves. The key contributions of the thesis are, firstly, that shared and homogenous societal narratives of university higher education dominate even in places and for educational subjects without university education. Secondly, the thesis challenges reductive binary understandings of student mobilities, in which mobility and privilege are diametrically opposed to immobility and disadvantage. Finally, the concept of local capital offers a way of understanding social, cultural and economic commitments to place that moves beyond a language of deficit.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar a relação universidade – comunidade produzindo uma reflexão sobre as práticas extensionistas, partindo da análise de uma experiência de extensão que possibilitou o questionamento sobre os múltiplos sentidos aí implicados. Inicialmente serão apresentadas algumas “linhas de composição” das práticas de extensão em diferentes contextos históricos. Serão consideradas três grandes linhas de composição caracterizadas, respectivamente, como assistencialista, desenvolvimentista e marxista, assim como o hibridismo destas linhas que marca as experiências de extensão brasileiras. Também serão apresentadas as principais diretrizes que norteiam as ações de extensão nas universidades públicas e comunitárias na atualidade. A estratégia metodológica utilizada consiste em analisar descontinuidades e diferenças em distintos contextos, buscando-se desnaturalizar algumas verdades estabelecidas acerca da extensão. Serão retomados elementos do pensamento freiriano sobre estas práticas a partir da obra “Extensão ou comunicação?”, considerando os limites e as possibilidades da proposição freiriana/marxista para a extensão. Por fim, destacam-se as contribuições de autores contemporâneos para pensar a condição acontecimental constitutiva da relação entre universidade e comunidade, considerando uma ética da atenção nas práticas extensionistas. / This paper aims to discuss the university – community‟s relationship, producing a reflection about extension practices based on a extension experience analysis that allowed the questioning of the multiple senses involved. Initially it will presented some extension practices‟s „‟composition lines‟‟ in different historical contexts. Will be considered three main characterized lines of composition respectively as welfarist, developmental and Marxist, as well as the hybridity of these lines that mark the Brazilian extension experiences. Also will be presented the main guidelines that lead the extension actions in public universities and community today. The methodological strategy used is to analyze discontinuities and differences between contexts, searching for denature some established truths about the extension. It will resumed elements from the Freirian thoughts on these practices from the book "Extension or communication?", Considering the limits and possibilities of Freirian / Marxist proposition for the extension. Finally, highlight the contributions of contemporary authors to think the constitutive evental condition of the relationship between university and community, considering the ethics of attention in extension practices.