In this master thesis the possibilities of combining an adaptive cruise control with information about the road ahead has been studied. The focus has been to investigate the possibility to save fuel by using information about road topology, Look-Ahead. An adaptive cruise control, AiCC, is used when there are preceding vehicles and when the driver in addition to choosing a desired travel speed for the vehicle also chooses a desired time gap that is to be kept to preceding vehicles travelling slower than the own vehicle. Using information about the road ahead and information of preceding vehicles a controller with the function to adapt the speed to the preceding vehicle, target, and at the same time reduce the fuel usage has been constructed. The controller considers the topography on the road and the distance to the target to be able to reduce the utilization of the brakes in steep downhills and to reduce fuel by slowing down before the downhill and then gain speed due to the gravitational force. The controller uses the assumption that the target travels with constant velocity at all time. The work has included simulations with two different test roads, one in Sweden with shorter and not so steep downhills. The other road is placed in Germany and has long and steep downhills. In the simulations three various time gaps, 1, 2 and 3 seconds, has been used and three different weights of the preceding vehicle, 20, 40 and 50 tonnes. The vehicle with the controller using adaptive cruise control and Look-Ahead has a weight of 40 tonnes. The results shows that fuel can be saved, using information about the road ahead in combination with an adaptive cruise control. The best result is obtained when the road contains steep and long downills, where the vehicle will gain speed due to the gravitational force. For the long and steep downhills the result is best when the target weight is 40 and 50 tonnes. When the downhills are smaller and not so steep the best result is obtained when the target weight is 20 tonnes. For these downhills the assumption that the target travels at constant speed makes the vehicle reduce the speed too much before the downhill, not considering that a heavier vehicle will accelerate in the downhill as well. The time gaps that gives the best result is time gap 1 second. This is due to that the aerodynamic force acting upon the vehicle is reduced when there is a preceding vehicle at a not too far distance. The smaller the distance to the preceding vehicle the more the aerodynamic force is reduced.

Look ahead cruise control deals with the concept of using recorded topographic road data combined with a GPS to control vehicle speed. The purpose of this is to save fuel without a change in travel time for a given road. This thesis explores the sensitivity of different disturbances for look ahead systems. Two different systems are investigated, one using a simple precalculated speed trajectory without feedback and the second based upon a model predictive control scheme with dynamic programming as optimizing algorithm. Defect input data like bad positioning, disturbed angle data, faults in mass estimation and wrong wheel radius are discussed in this thesis. Also some investigations of errors in the environmental model for the systems are done. Simulations over real road profiles with two different types of quantization of the road slope data are done. Results from quantization of the angle data in the system are important since quantization will be unavoidable in an implementation of a topographic road map. The results from the simulations shows that disturbance of the fictive road profiles used results in quite large deviations from the optimal case. For the recorded real road sections however the differences are close to zero. Finally conclusions of how large deviations from real world data a look ahead system can tolerate are drawn.

<p>Look ahead cruise control deals with the concept of using recorded topographic road data combined with a GPS to control vehicle speed. The purpose of this is to save fuel without a change in travel time for a given road. This thesis explores the sensitivity of different disturbances for look ahead systems. Two different systems are investigated, one using a simple precalculated speed trajectory without feedback and the second based upon a model predictive control scheme with dynamic programming as optimizing algorithm.</p><p>Defect input data like bad positioning, disturbed angle data, faults in mass estimation and wrong wheel radius are discussed in this thesis. Also some investigations of errors in the environmental model for the systems are done. Simulations over real road profiles with two different types of quantization of the road slope data are done. Results from quantization of the angle data in the system are important since quantization will be unavoidable in an implementation of a topographic road map.</p><p>The results from the simulations shows that disturbance of the fictive road profiles used results in quite large deviations from the optimal case. For the recorded real road sections however the differences are close to zero. Finally conclusions of how large deviations from real world data a look ahead system can tolerate are drawn.</p>

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes special report study entitled: Public open space. Includes bibliographical references.

Previous research has addressed the importance of IOC, where the outcome of a poor IOC between actors in a network will affect the information sharing and the inter-organizational relationship. The topic has been extensively researched, however researchers are still highlighting the need to further research.   A literature review on the topic area generated an overview of the existing literature within the field. The literature review identified a research gap that founded the purpose of this study. The purpose is to reveal the actors within the industry and how the IOC is structured among three cruise line destinations in Sweden and in the network Cruise Baltic.    The study was of a qualitative nature and was conducted through a multiple case study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with three cruise line destinations and one cruise line industry network.   The interview data reveals the IOC of the chosen industry and that the destinations have some barriers to overcome when it comes to achieving an effective IOC. Based on the conclusions of this study recommendations for managerial implications were formed.   The findings of the research were able to support previous studies regarding IOC and its key variables. It was revealed that the destinations and the network execute an effective IOC to some extent. The destinations are considerable small in size, which has influenced the IOC to the other actors within the network.

ABSTRACT The cruise sector constitutes one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. With the continued growth of the industry comes the need to develop new ports to accommodate the increased volume of ships as well as the increasing size of modern cruise ships. It is important to understand how the development of new cruise ports impacts the local community. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the attitudes and perceptions of residents regarding the impacts of the new cruise ship port development in Falmouth, Jamaica. The Historic Port of Falmouth was developed through a partnership between Royal Caribbean and the Port Authority of Jamaica and is the largest purpose-built port of call in the Caribbean. A case study approach was utilized to identify the attitudes and perceptions of residents regarding the impacts of the new port development in Falmouth, Jamaica. The study consisted of semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. The research took place in Falmouth in March 2012. A total of 23 interviews were carried out with residents who had varying levels of involvement with tourism. The three overarching themes emanating from the analysis of the data are: Big Ships, Big Disappointment, What could be improved? and All is Not Lost at Sea. Findings revealed that Falmouth residents are disappointed with the development because they have not received the economic benefits they were promised by Royal Caribbean. Despite the residents’ frustration and disappointment with the port, many still believe that it has given some opportunity for residents to improve their quality of life. The powerlessness of members of small Caribbean communities in the face of large tourism developers is evident throughout the study.

Thesis (DBA(DoctorateofBusinessAdministration) )--University of South Australia, 1999.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes special report study entitled : Public open space. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Bränsle är en av det största kostnaden för sjöfart och ny teknik tas fram för att spara bränsle. Men det finns potential att tillverka bränsle på kryssningsfartyg. En av de största utgifterna för att tillverka biogas iland är uppvärmning av substratet, denna kostnad kan elimineras på fartyg genom att använda spillvärme från motorer och ångsystem.   Detta arbete undersöker möjligheten att producera biogas av toalett- och matavfall som dagligen skapas på kryssningsfartyg, vilka komponenter som behövs samt beräkningar av utrymme de skulle ta och hur stor mängd gas som kan tänkas produceras. Rapporten utfördes genom att undersöka hur biogas produceras i land, vilka är de vanligaste teknikerna som används idag och om de är teknisk möjliga att ha på kryssningsfartyg. För att räkna ut gaspotential samt volym för tankar och reaktor har data samlat in från fyra kryssningsfartyg, data för toalettavfall har tagit från land. Resultatet av beräkningarna blev att potential att tillverka biogas finns men att mängden gas inte kan motivera kostnaden för att installera en biogasanläggning på ett kryssningsfartyg. / Fuel is one of the biggest costs in shipping today, and new technologies are being developed to save fuel. But there is potential to make fuel today aboard cruise ships. One of the biggest expenses in making biogas on land is the heating of the substrate, this cost can be eliminated on ships by using waste heat from engines and steam systems. This report explores the possibility of producing biogas by using toilet and food waste that is created daily aboard cruise ships. What components are needed, calculations of the space they would take and how much gas could be produced. The report was conducted by examining how biogas is produced on land, what are the most common technologies used today? And if they are technically possible aboard a cruise ship? To calculate gas potential, tank and reactor volume. Data has been collected from four cruise ships. The results show that it is possible to create biogas. But that the amount of gas could not justify the cost of building a biogas plant aboard cruise ships.

This master‘s thesis puts forth a new design of a cruise ship. The goal of this work was to combine modern functional and technological elements with an innovative visual appearance while using high quality materials. Emphasis was given to the simplicity, comfort, and especially safety of the vessel control and convenience for the passengers.