Urbanization greatly alters plant and pollinator communities and can affect pollinator movement and subsequent gene flow. Plants persisting in urban areas must adjust to local environmental conditions often different from those in which they naturally evolved, and cultivation techniques for landscaping species have developed traits suitable for existence in urban habitats. Cultivated varieties and native conspecifics often exist in geographic proximity, and if pollinator movement is not blocked by urban structural components, functional differences may negatively impact spatially proximate native populations. I used spatial analysis of successful pollination of Cornus florida to estimate how pollinator movement is affected by urban features. My results suggest that buildings and canopy are the most important components which influence reproductive success in urban habitats. Additionally, I compared functional responses of both adult and offspring C. florida cultivars and native plants to differential light environments in the urban and natural understory habitats, and we found differences in physiology and morphology that could lead to negative fitness consequences for native populations should gene escape from urban cultivar to native populations occur via pollinator movement.

Orientador: Marco Eustáquio de Sá / Resumo: A colheita afeta diretamente a qualidade das sementes de gramíneas forrageiras de Panicum maximum, devido à ocorrência de desuniformidades no florescimento, maturação e degrana. As sementes da cv. Mombaça têm sido colhidas através do sistema de varredura e predominantemente pelo sistema mecanizado. Com o avanço da tecnologia surgiram no mercado colhedoras que possuem mecanismo de pré-limpeza embutido, que realizam as operações de colheita e beneficiamento, simultaneamente, na própria máquina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes em relação às colheitas de varredura, sistema manual e sistema mecanizado com colhedora simples e com colhedora com sistema de pré-limpeza embutido, em 3 épocas de avaliação (04, 08 e 12 meses). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3x2x3, com quatro repetições.O tipo de colheita afeta a qualidade das sementes e a operação de pré-limpeza favorece a obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade. A semente perde qualidade com o tempo de armazenamento independentemente do tipo de colheita. Os resultados demonstraram melhor desempenho da colhedora Hércules, na obtenção de sementes de maior qualidade, pois a colhedora permitiu a obtenção de sementes com maior pureza física, entretanto, de menor qualidade fisiológica. / Abstract: Harvesting directly affects seed quality of Panicum maximum forage grasses, due to the occurrence of non uniformities in flowering, maturation and degranulation. The seeds of cv. Mombasa have been harvested through the sweep system and predominantly by the mechanized system. With the advancement of technology, harvesters with a built-in pre-cleaning mechanism have appeared on the market, which perform the harvesting and processing operations simultaneously in the machine itself. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of the seeds in relation to the harvesting of samples, manual system and mechanized system with simple harvester and harvester with built-in pre-cleaning system, in 3 evaluation periods (04, 08 and 12 months). The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), arranged in a 3x2x3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The type of harvesting affects the quality of the seeds and the pre-cleaning operation favors the obtaining of better quality seeds. Seed loses quality with storage time regardless of harvest type. The results showed a better performance of the harvester Hércules, in obtaining higher quality seeds, because the harvester allowed to obtain seeds with greater physical purity, however, of lower physiological quality. / Mestre

Os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar os efeitos do pré-emurchecimento e da aplicação de inoculante bacteriano-enzimático (IBE) ou ácido propiônico tamponado (APT) sobre as características de fermentação, composição química, perfil microbiológico, parâmetros físicos, estabilidade aeróbica e eficiência no processo de ensilagem de Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) na produção de silagem armazenada na forma de fardos grandes revestidos por filme plástico. Silagens com cinco níveis de matéria seca (250 g kg -1 , 350 g kg -1 , 450 g kg -1 , 550 g kg -1 e 650 g kg -1 MS) foram confeccionadas na ausência de IBE. Outros três tratamentos consistiram de níveis de matéria seca (250 g kg -1 , 450 g kg -1 e 650 g kg -1 MS) na presença de aditivo bacteriano-enzimático (IBE), e um tratamento adicional, onde os fardos foram submetidos à pré-emurchecimento até atingir o maior nível de MS (650 g kg -1 MS), foi pulverizada uma solução contendo APT. As amostras foram tomadas imediatamente antes (zero hora) e às 6, 12 horas e 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 90 e 180 dias após a ensilagem, para estabelecer curvas de tendência temporal para as características qualitativas de fermentação. As amostras coletadas à zero hora e aos 8, 16, 32, 90 e 180 dias após a ensilagem também foram usadas para determinação da composição química-bromatológica. Nas amostras tomadas à zero hora e aos 32 e 180 dias após a ensilagem foram determinados o perfil microbiológico e alguns parâmetros físico-químicos. A avaliação de perdas foi mensurada indiretamente através da estabilidade aeróbica, nas amostras coletadas aos 32, 90 e 180 dias após a ensilagem. O processo de ensilagem, com o teor de matéria seca de 550 g kg -1 MS foi o mais eficiente, por associar: tempo de emurchecimento intermediário, alta densidade de matéria seca, baixa perda de matéria seca por recolhimento, e por apresentar o maior valor para recuperação de massa digestível, durante a ensilagem. Os tratamentos de maior conteúdo de matéria seca (650 g kg -1 MS) também apresentaram bom desempenho para os parâmetros avaliados, entretanto por necessitarem de um período superior a 24 horas de exposição para atingir o emurchecimento desejado, se submeteram à riscos potencialmente elevados originados de chuvas de ocorrência noturna.O uso de pré-emurchecimento à nível médio de MS, 450 g kg-1 MS, favoreceu as características qualitativas de fermentação e a composição química das silagens de Tifton 85. O uso de APT não melhorou as características qualitativas de fermentação e a composição química das silagens. A utilização de IBE apresentou mínimos benefícios somente nas silagens contendo elevado teor de matéria seca, sendo ineficiente para forragens contendo alta umidade.A ensilagem direta da forragem, sem pré-emurchecimento, produziu uma silagem de menor qualidade, caracterizada por alto conteúdo de nitrogênio amoniacal e uma baixa estabilidade aeróbica. O uso de pré-emurchecimento a conteúdos de matéria seca superiores a 550 g kg -1 MS, levou a restrição no crescimento de microrganismos e consequentemente redução na fermentação, resultando em maior estabilidade aeróbica das silagens produzidas. O uso de IBE foi efetivo quando associado ao conteúdo intermediário de MS (450 g kg -1 MS), resultando em maior estabilidade aeróbica da silagem. O uso de APT, nas silagens com elevado teor de MS (650 g kg -1 MS), não apresentou vantagens em relação aos similares. / The objectives of this work were to study the effects of wilting and microbiological additive or buffered propionic acid (BPA) on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, microbiological profile, physical parameters, aerobic stability and efficiency of the ensiling process of Tifton (Cynodon sp.) silage stored in plastic wrapped square bales. The treatments were: five forage dry matter contents (250, 350, 450, 550 and 650 g kg -1 DM), three forage dry matter contents (250, 350 and 650 g kg -1 DM) sprayed with bacterial-enzymatic additive (BEA) and wilted forage (650 g kg -1 DM) sprayed with BPA. Core samples were taken 0, 6 and 12 hours and 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 90 and 180 days of storage. The chemical composition was determined on samples taken 0, 8, 16, 32, 90 and 180 days of storage and the microbiological and physical-chemical parameters on samples taken 0, 32 and 180 days of storage. Aerobically stability was used to indirectly estimate losses on 32, 90 and 180 days of storage. The 550 g kg -1 forage dry matter showed the highest silage efficiency production, due to intermediary wilting time, high dry matter density, low dry matter losses during raking and harvesting, and large digestible mass recovery. The treatments with 650 g kg -1 DM were efficient was well, however, the needed longer time to achieve this final dry matter content (longer than 24 hours) may elevate the risk of rain damage. Wilting to 450 g kg -1 DM favored fermentation qualitative traits and silage quality. BPA showed no effects and BEA did increase aerobic stability in the intermediary silage dry matter (450 g kg -1 ) and showed slight benefits only on higher dry matter silages. The very poor quality direct cut silage showed high levels N-NH3 and low aerobic stability. Microorganism growth and fermentation intensity were inhibited in the wilted silages with 550 and 650 g kg -1 DM, which enhanced aerobic stability. The addition of BPA showed no positive results in the silages with 650 g kg -1 DM.

<p>Three studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of different oat (Avena sativa) forage cultivars (Assiniboia, Bell and Baler) that were newly emerged cultivars as a result of extensive oat growing conditions in western Canada. A total tract digestibility trial using 24 sheep (n=6) in a completely random design was conducted to assess apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, non-structural carbohydrate, acid detergent lignin (ADL), soluble crude protein (SCP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) in Assiniboia silage, Bell hay, Baler hay and Rosser (barley- Hordeum vulgare) silage. Rumen in situ degradability characteristics of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF were determined on Assiniboia silage, Bell hay, Baler hay and Rosser silage at 96 to 0 h using a Holstein cow fitted with a rumen fistula. A dairy production trial using 8 multiparous Holstein cows at 90±20 DIM averaging 41 kg d-1 milk yield, in a 2 × 3 switch-back design was conducted to compare the production response of the cows fed either 48 percent Assiniboia silage or Rosser silage (DM basis) in total mixed rations with the concentrate portion consisting mainly of rolled barley, canola meal and soy meal.</p> <p>Digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, NPN, NDICP and EE were not different for Assiniboia and Rosser silages. Digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF were similar for Baler hay and Rosser silage. Digestibility of hemicellulose, NSC and ADL were similar for all forages. Sheep voluntary intakes of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and EE, except CP were similar across the forages. Assiniboia silage provided more nutrients to the rumen than the hays due to the higher rumen disappearance and effective degradabilities of DM and CP, and lesser undegradable DM, CP, NDF and ADF (P<0.05). Estimated carbohydrate and protein fractions of Assiniboia and Rosser silages were similar. Assiniboia silage was typically comparable to Rosser silage whereas Baler hay was compatible to Bell hay which in contrast was chemically inferior to Baler hay in NDF and TDN content. An increase (8%, P<0.05) in milk fat percentage was observed in cows fed the Assiniboia diet. Milk protein and lactose percentages, and protein yield were higher (P<0.05) in the cows fed the Rosser diet. However, 3.5% fat corrected milk yields were similar. Milk fatty acids (FA) when Assiniboia diet was fed, showed a remarkable increase (P<0.05) in oleate percentage and yield while the others were not different. The increase in oleate content resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in unsaturated FA to saturated FA ratio. Therefore Assiniboia silage would be useful to increase unsaturated long chain milk fat content. It is concluded that Assiniboia silage could substitute for Rosser silage in dairy rations.</p>

<p>Three studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of different oat (Avena sativa) forage cultivars (Assiniboia, Bell and Baler) that were newly emerged cultivars as a result of extensive oat growing conditions in western Canada. A total tract digestibility trial using 24 sheep (n=6) in a completely random design was conducted to assess apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, non-structural carbohydrate, acid detergent lignin (ADL), soluble crude protein (SCP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) in Assiniboia silage, Bell hay, Baler hay and Rosser (barley- Hordeum vulgare) silage. Rumen in situ degradability characteristics of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF were determined on Assiniboia silage, Bell hay, Baler hay and Rosser silage at 96 to 0 h using a Holstein cow fitted with a rumen fistula. A dairy production trial using 8 multiparous Holstein cows at 90±20 DIM averaging 41 kg d-1 milk yield, in a 2 × 3 switch-back design was conducted to compare the production response of the cows fed either 48 percent Assiniboia silage or Rosser silage (DM basis) in total mixed rations with the concentrate portion consisting mainly of rolled barley, canola meal and soy meal.</p> <p>Digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, NPN, NDICP and EE were not different for Assiniboia and Rosser silages. Digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF were similar for Baler hay and Rosser silage. Digestibility of hemicellulose, NSC and ADL were similar for all forages. Sheep voluntary intakes of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and EE, except CP were similar across the forages. Assiniboia silage provided more nutrients to the rumen than the hays due to the higher rumen disappearance and effective degradabilities of DM and CP, and lesser undegradable DM, CP, NDF and ADF (P<0.05). Estimated carbohydrate and protein fractions of Assiniboia and Rosser silages were similar. Assiniboia silage was typically comparable to Rosser silage whereas Baler hay was compatible to Bell hay which in contrast was chemically inferior to Baler hay in NDF and TDN content. An increase (8%, P<0.05) in milk fat percentage was observed in cows fed the Assiniboia diet. Milk protein and lactose percentages, and protein yield were higher (P<0.05) in the cows fed the Rosser diet. However, 3.5% fat corrected milk yields were similar. Milk fatty acids (FA) when Assiniboia diet was fed, showed a remarkable increase (P<0.05) in oleate percentage and yield while the others were not different. The increase in oleate content resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in unsaturated FA to saturated FA ratio. Therefore Assiniboia silage would be useful to increase unsaturated long chain milk fat content. It is concluded that Assiniboia silage could substitute for Rosser silage in dairy rations.</p>

Studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 under field and growth room conditions to determine a) cultivar tolerance of soybean to preemergence (PRE) applications of saflufenacil and b) the biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p for control of annual weeds applied PRE alone and prior to an in-crop application of glyphosate. Environmental conditions following application influenced the amount of soybean injury caused by saflufenacil, as well as the rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p required for the control of annual weeds. Increased soybean injury from saflufenacil was observed when soybean emergence was delayed due to cool, wet conditions following planting. Injury decreased with time; however, sensitive soybean cultivars were unable to fully recover from early season injury under adverse environmental conditions. OAC Hanover was the most sensitive cultivar in both field and hydroponic testing. With adequate moisture and above average temperatures in 2010, between 224 and 374 g a.i. ha-1 of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was required for 80% control of common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and green foxtail 4 weeks after treatment (WAT). In contrast, with below average temperatures and excessive moisture in 2009, between 528 and 613 g a.i. ha-1 of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was necessary for the same level of weed control. Pigweed species were least affected by environmental conditions after application with only 245 g a.i. ha-1 required for 80% control 4 WAT in both years. Excellent full season control of all weed species was achieved with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE followed by glyphosate postemergence (POST). However, there was no difference in yield when saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was followed by glyphosate POST compared to a single glyphosate POST application. / BASF Canada

The total phenolic content (TPC) of common vegetables grown in Ontario was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and it was found that the broccoli inflorescence had an exceptionally high TPC on average value, followed by cabbage, onion, potato and carrot. The TPC values of darkpurple potatoes and carrots were higher than the common potatoes and carrots. Positive correlations between the TPC and TAA were observed with varied degrees in all vegetables. Choice of cultivar and production practices can be used to increase TPC and TAA in a wide range of vegetables. Insecticide application did not influence the TPC and TAA of broccoli leaves and flowers. Higher N rate decreased the TPC and TAA of cabbage cultivar ‘Huron’ and of carrot. Fungicide and biofungicide applications did not influence TAA in carrots. Fertilizer applications did not influence the TAA of onions, but there was a decrease in TPC. The rate of MAP (mono ammonium phosphate 52% P2O5) affected the TAA of onions, but the influence was inconsistent between two antioxidant assays. High temperature with possibly high rainfall capacity occurred in the year increased the TPC and TAA of most studied vegetable crops. / Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs/University of Guelph Sustainable Production Systems Program

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Triticale is an amphidiploid that consists of wheat (A and B) and rye (R) genomes. This cereal is fast becoming important on a commercial basis and warrants further assessment for the better management and breeding of the hybrid. The assessment of the genetic diversity among the wheat and rye genomes within triticale can be obtained by using molecular markers developed in both donor genomes. Simple sequence repeats markers (SSRs) and amplified fragment length markers (AFLPs) have been previously used to assess the genetic diversity among triticale lines. SSRs are highly polymorphic markers that are abundant and which have been shown to be highly transferable between species in previous studies while AFLP markers are known to generate plenty of data as they cover so many loci. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a marker system suitable to assess the genetic diversity and relationships of advanced breeding material (and cultivars) of the Stellenbosch University’s Plant Breeding Laboratory (SU-PBL). Therefore, both AFLP and SSR markers were initially analysed using eight triticale cultivars (with known pedigrees) to facilitate cultivar identification. Fourty-two AFLP primer combinations and 86 SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among the Elite triticale cultivars. The AFLP primer combinations generated under average polymorphism information content (PIC) values. Furthermore, these markers generated neighbour-joining (NJ) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendograms that displayed relationships that did not correspond with the available pedigree information. Therefore, this marker system was found not to be suitable. A set of 86 SSRs previously identified in both wheat and rye, was used to test the genetic diversity among the eight cultivars. The markers developed in wheat achieved 84% transferability while those developed in rye achieved 79.3% transferability. A subset of SSR markers was able to distinguish the cultivars, and correctly identify them by generating NJ and UPGMA dendograms that exhibited relationships that corroborated the available pedigree data. This panel of markers was therefore chosen as the most suitable for the assessment of the advanced breeding material. The panel of seven SSR markers was optimised for semi-automated analysis and was used to screen and detect the genetic diversity among 306 triticale entries in the F6, Senior and Elite phases of the SU-PBL triticale breeding programme. An average PIC value of 0.65 was detected and moderate genetic variation was observed. NJ and UPGMA dendograms generated showed no clear groupings. However, the panel of markers managed to accurately identify all cultivars within the breeding program. The marker panel developed in this study is being used to routinely distinguish among the advanced breeding material within the SU-PBL triticale breeding programme and as a tool in molecular-assisted backcross.

Submitted by SARA DIAS DA SILVA LISBOA null (saradiaslisboa@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-08T09:30:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1152080 bytes, checksum: e4803144d7202aa363538f0eb2972bfe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-01-08T13:38:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lisboa_sds_me_ilha.pdf: 1152080 bytes, checksum: e4803144d7202aa363538f0eb2972bfe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T13:38:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lisboa_sds_me_ilha.pdf: 1152080 bytes, checksum: e4803144d7202aa363538f0eb2972bfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-09 / A colheita afeta diretamente a qualidade das sementes de gramíneas forrageiras de Panicum maximum, devido à ocorrência de desuniformidades no florescimento, maturação e degrana. As sementes da cv. Mombaça têm sido colhidas através do sistema de varredura e predominantemente pelo sistema mecanizado. Com o avanço da tecnologia surgiram no mercado colhedoras que possuem mecanismo de pré-limpeza embutido, que realizam as operações de colheita e beneficiamento, simultaneamente, na própria máquina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes em relação às colheitas de varredura, sistema manual e sistema mecanizado com colhedora simples e com colhedora com sistema de pré-limpeza embutido, em 3 épocas de avaliação (04, 08 e 12 meses). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3x2x3, com quatro repetições.O tipo de colheita afeta a qualidade das sementes e a operação de pré-limpeza favorece a obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade. A semente perde qualidade com o tempo de armazenamento independentemente do tipo de colheita. Os resultados demonstraram melhor desempenho da colhedora Hércules, na obtenção de sementes de maior qualidade, pois a colhedora permitiu a obtenção de sementes com maior pureza física, entretanto, de menor qualidade fisiológica. / Harvesting directly affects seed quality of Panicum maximum forage grasses, due to the occurrence of non uniformities in flowering, maturation and degranulation. The seeds of cv. Mombasa have been harvested through the sweep system and predominantly by the mechanized system. With the advancement of technology, harvesters with a built-in pre-cleaning mechanism have appeared on the market, which perform the harvesting and processing operations simultaneously in the machine itself. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of the seeds in relation to the harvesting of samples, manual system and mechanized system with simple harvester and harvester with built-in pre-cleaning system, in 3 evaluation periods (04, 08 and 12 months). The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), arranged in a 3x2x3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The type of harvesting affects the quality of the seeds and the pre-cleaning operation favors the obtaining of better quality seeds. Seed loses quality with storage time regardless of harvest type. The results showed a better performance of the harvester Hércules, in obtaining higher quality seeds, because the harvester allowed to obtain seeds with greater physical purity, however, of lower physiological quality.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-02-19T15:44:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 23994257 bytes, checksum: ca353359ff28087e0315bb27c34dcdd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-19T15:44:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 23994257 bytes, checksum: ca353359ff28087e0315bb27c34dcdd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983-12-01 / Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) / Durante o período fevereiro-dezembro de 1982 foram realizados em Curitibanos (SC) cinco ensaios com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de quatro condições de armazenamento do alho-semente sobre a superação de dormência, e o papel desta, em cinco épocas de plantio, sobre o crescimento, precocidade e produção qualitativa e quantitativa do cultivar 'Chonan'. Os tratamentos foram: armazenamento em câmara de conservaçao a 14º C, câmara de conservaçao e lavagem em água corrente durante 24 horas antes do plantio, câmara de conservação e choque frio a 7ºC durante 30 dias antes do plantio e armazenamento em galpão à temperatura ambiente (testemunha). As épocas de plantio foram: fevereiro, março, abril, maio e junho. Ocorre superação de dormência, em relação à testemunha, quanto menor for o IVD (Indice Visual de Superação de Dormência), anulando-se as diferenças sete meses pós-colheita; e esses níveis de superação asseguram velocidade e uniformidade de emergência das plantas, permitindo plantio antecipado. Armazenar alho-semente à temperatura de 14º C, com ou sem lavagem posterior, provoca uma superação regular dos estados dormentes, regularizando também a velocidade de crescimento. Esta situação assegura um ciclo vegetativo mais curto e uma produção comercial mais alta, superando a testemunha em 300% para plantios durante o mês de maio. A relação inversa entre o Índice Visual de Superação de Dormência (IVD) e a duração do ciclo vegetativo permitiria predizer com certa aproximação a data de colheita quando se armazena alho-semente à temperatura constante de 14ºC. A lavagem pré-plantio promove máxima velocidade de crescimento, e seu efeito possui uma residualidade inferior a 30 dias. A indução com choque frio requer um estado fisiológico por parte do bulbilho (expresso em termos de 40% do IVD) e uma estação de crescimento muito restrita (plantio em abril, colheita em outubro para as condições do ensaio) para que o estímulo atue favoravelmente. A redução constante do ciclo vegetativo, quanto mais tardia for a época do plantio, demonstra a importância dos níveis de dormência no momento do plantio. O efeito é mais marcante sob frigorificação quando comparado com os efeitos de câmara de conservação, e estes com a testemunha. O desaparecimento do superbrotamento como desordem em plantio de maio e junho explicar-se-ia como resultado de uma alta velocidade de crescimento nesta época e a ocorrência de dias longos que anulariam este defeito do bulbo. Ajuste nas técnicas de armazenamento de alho-semente em temperatura controlada permite racionalizar as épocas de plantio e a colheita sem sacrificar significativamente a produção comercial. / Autor sem CPF, lattes e Dissertação sem ficha catalográfica, e resumo em inglês.