The purpose of the research is to seek for the key success factors of free trade agreements. And the result show: -FTA between countries with similar cultural background brings more benefits. But sometimes difference could be a plus. -Countries with more FTA signed benefit more while signing new FTAs. Other important factors include the sound institution and operational environment offered by a country. -FTA between geographically proximate countries benefits more. Also, FTA with country with good location that is closed to big markets brings more benefit. -Factors like the original tariff, quality of infrastructure, cost of human resources, and level of technology are the reasons that affect the benefits of FTA.

In view of the foreign mariculture is gradually diversified, and even has a trend that the fish cage aquaculture combines with algae culture at the same facility. A submersible single-point-mooring (SPM) cage system was modified and installed in-situ to investigate the feasibility of the cage system. A numercial model was established to simulate the cage dynamic motion as well as the mooring line tension. A detailed cage construction process was described in this study. Tension meter was used to keep track of mooring line tension, while the ADCP( Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) was utilized to record the sea state during the test period. Those data were used to validate the numerical model. The field experiements were carried out at a location north to Xiaoliuqiu island. Since the testing period was in winter, the wave height was relativly calm and found to be between 0.5 and 1.2 m, wave period 4~7 seconds, and wave current about 0.2~0.6 m/s. The numerical results indicate that the maximum mooring line tension has good agreement with the meauresments of the tension meter. These comparisons verify that this numerical model is sufficient to simulate this kind of alage cage systems.

Abstract This research is to develop a new compound cage system that not only has the benefit of the traditional cage system but also has a series of oyster containers hanged on the circumference of the floating collar to add economic value to the cage aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cage net deformation rate and the maximum mooring tension at the anchor under three types of Liuchiu sea states. The results of numerical simulation could be used as valuable guide for fish farmers and aquacultural cage designers. The developed numerical method is based on a lumped-mass approach to build a system of motion equations, and then utilizes the fourth order Runge-Kutta method to solve the motion equations. The numerical results reveal that under regular wave conditions, the cage net deformation rate for the compound cage system is slightly less than that of the traditional cage system, but the maximum mooring tension has reversed effect, i.e., the compound cage system has higher mooring tension than that of traditional one. As for the cases of irregular waves, the numerical results indicate that the cage net deformed so seriously that the fish can¡¦t survived at the sea condition of typhoon 50-year return period. To overcome this net shrinkage problem, an improved scheme is necessary to be implemented before a real compound cage system is installed in the open sea.

In recent years, the fishery production has been drastically decreased in Taiwan, mainly due to overfishing and coast pollutions, therefore fishermen and corporation are encouraged by government to invest in ocean cage aquaculture. However the high price fishes in the net cage are often coveted, so the incidences of fish stealing and net cage breaking were found occasionally, which cause great economical loss. Security guards or visual monitoring system has limited effect especially in the night when these intrusions occur. This study is based on acoustic measure to build a net cage alarm system, which includes the sonobuoy and monitor station on land. The sonobuoy is a passive sonar that collects the sounds near the net cage and transmits the suspected signal to the monitor station. The signals were analyzed by the control program on the personal computer in the monitor station, and the alarms at different stages could be activated by the sound levels and durations of the analyzed signals.

This research focuses not only on the interaction between the floating platform for cage aquaculture and the waves but also on the incident wave¡¬s energy transformation. The floating platform was simulated with a 1:30 physical scale model in the hydrodynamic laboratory. A total four wave gages and one load cell were used in this study: two wave gages installed in the upstream of the platform, one gage in the net cage and one gage in the downstream side of the platform; while one load cell measuring the mooring line tension at the anchor. All of the measurements were recorded in the data acquisition system for further analyzing reflected waves, transmitted waves, the wave height in the net cage, and the correspondent mooring line tensions. Furthermore, the movement of the platform and volume deformation of the fish net are recorded by the video camera, and then analyzed by the image processing method. First, the true color images were transferred into grayscale images, and then passed through mean filter, noise filter and median filter step by step. Finally, a weighted-algorithm was used to calculate the coordinates of the desired point form the resulted image matrix. Thus, the motion of the floating platform and the volume deformation of the fish net can be obtained by analyzing the variation of these points captured through the image processing procedure. For the ability of resistance to wave attack for a floating platform, it often estimated by inspecting the reflection and transmission coefficients of the platform. Besides the function of wave resistance ability, the stability of the floating platform, maximum tension in the mooring lines and the net volume deformation coefficient are also important factors for optimum design of a cage platform. According to the results of this research, we conclude some important facts as below: (1) For short-period waves, the net mesh size and twine diameter have influenced the magnitude of reflected waves and the motion of platform; and it makes little difference in the transmission coefficients, wave height ratios inside of net cage, and the maximum tension force in the mooring cable. (2)With the respect of transmitted wave coefficients: the wave transmission phenomena are not obvious for short-period waves, but these phenomena will gradually increase when the incident wave periods are getting longer. (3)Under the pure wave test condition, the net volume deformation coefficients are about 1% only, which means that the deformation of the fish net does not change at all, and it may be due to the overweight of the bottom frame. (4) Tension-leg type mooring system seems able to provide better stability of the platform than catenary type mooring system.

In recent year, marine cage aquaculture has rapidly growing in Taiwan. Fast cage farming development results in expanding scale and production in the limited areas. Concentration farming often causes the degradation and over carrying capacity of marine environment. Thus, the investigation of current operation scale of aquaculture activities is urgently needed by the local authority for the better understanding and planning of aquaculture regulation. The survey were conducted to clarify the management status and to discover the unknown question that are relevant to the farming environment and the Fisheries Right which are waiting further study to resolve. Two major cage aquaculture survey sites, LiouCiou and Peng Hu, have been chosen for interviewing and collection of data. The economic assessment approach provides a tool to the establishment of appropriate strategy and method for the achievement of managing the marine cage operations. Most of aquaculturists in Pen Hu belong to family-owned, in contrast to only one corporate firm which joins the industry for only five years. The corporate firm has less farming experiences than the small scale aquaculturists who have 10-20 years farming experiences. The small scale individual aquaculturists generally have higher survival rate of cobia and efficient productivity of farming. The survey results showed that Peng Hu has longer cage holding period for reaching market size than LiouCiou. According to geographical location, Peng Hu has colder winter temperature and growth delay that require longer time for harvest. The major problem in cage culturing is the impractical and outdated law regulation from the municipal authority. Currently, LiouCiou has invalid regulation regarding to granting the Fisheries Right for culturing. In Peng Hu, the regulation of maximum three hectares per person in law has raised obstacles for aquaculturists who have to acquire someone as dummy account to apply for more farming hectares. Moreover, some still farming aquaculturists have to compete with non-used aquaculturists for granting more site areas where the allowable areas are tied to the limitation by authority. As a result, aquaculturists are devoted to increase the density culture with the risk of over carrying capacity in the limited areas. The study has detected the existing farming problems and presented the following recommendations such as 1) enforcing the implementations of verification, validation, renew and suspension for Fisheries Right, 2) offering low-interest mortgage for farming specially during the weather disaster, 3) enforcing the patrol of marine water to prevent the contraband fish from outside the countries, and 4) designating a farming zone with clear regulation and amended relevantly status quo. At last, aqua culturists should comprehend and adopt the new farming technology, economic assessment, and carrying capacity of farming environment in order to achieve its maximum economic efficiencies.

Taiwan is an island surrounded by vast open sea. The impacts of typhoon on fish farms located near shore are usually tremendously severe and cause a variety of difficulty in developing a profitable cage aquaculture industry. Thus it is often regarded as one of highly risky ventures for fishermen. While Tai Ping Island is located at the tropic zone, the south most territory of the Republic of China, rendering a superior farming site for cage culture due to its clean water quality and nonexistence of typhoon. This study evaluates the possibility of establishing a series of cage culture in Tai Ping Island and estimates its economic feasibility according to the information obtained from Penghu cage farmers. Since Tai Ping Island is a military base, it is still prohibited for public visit at the present moment. Once the operation of offshore cage aquaculture at the Tai Ping Island is established, it may inspire other cooperates associated with the fishery industry to cluster on the Island. The researcher has served at the coastal guard office in Tai Ping Island for a year and thus quite familiar with land-based facilities, surrounding marina, and ecosystem etc. Through past experience in protecting cage farmers knowing that good farming site is relatively important for cage culture to success, this study intend to offer a good farming site to fish farmers in Taiwan. It is anticipated that a prosperous fish farming industry will develop in the near future.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Philosophische Fakultät III--Berlin--Humboldt-Universität, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 275-[294].

Thesis (doctoral)--Helsinki University of Technology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

The environment in which animals are maintained is a factor that has the potential to alter the physiologic phenotype. We addressed the hypothesis that the standard animal care (SAC) environment cause significant deviations in the circadian variation of heart rate (HR), body temperature (Tb) and activity (ACT) in chronically instrumented mice. These data were used to inform the design of a subsequent study addressing the hypothesis that loss of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) function blunts the thermoregulatory, ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia. Mice were implanted with intraperitoneal transmitters for chronic recording of HR, Tb and ACT. The animal environment study consisted of a 3-week protocol comprised of SAC (wk 1) utilizing standard animal care procedures of a health check and bottle and cage changes SPA (service personnel absent; wk 2) with no SAC interventions and building malfunction (BLDMAL+SAC, wk 3). Mean HR was elevated across the week of SAC, as well as for the light and dark cycles. Cage change caused the most profound changes (lasting 4 h), while health check/bottle change alterations lasted approx. 30 min. TRPV1-/- and TRPV1+/+ (wild-type, WT) mice exposed acutely to hypoxia (FIO2=0.1 for 4 h) resulted in a greater hypometabolic response for the mutant compared with WT genotype, reaching a lower value for HR, Tb, ACT, V ̇CO2 (carbon dioxide production) and ventilation. We conclude that the animal care environment provides a novel environment to assess murine phenotype and must be considered in genotype/phenotype assessments. Further, TRPV1 provides a significant tonic input to the integrated thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypoxia. / Thesis (Master, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2012-08-27 17:51:48.022