Th.--Musicologie--Paris, 1988. / Bibliogr. f. 308-337.

This thesis is concerned with the longform poetics of Charles Olson and of John Cage, and with the role indeterminacy plays in their constitution and reception. The work of these authors poses unusual and particular challenges to readers, and it is towards readers and reading that this thesis is primarily oriented. Each chapter describes a problem or difficulty which these texts create for readers, and attempts to model that difficulty as clearly as possible in order to demonstrate how it forces readers to reassess received readerly protocols. As such, the thesis is also concerned with the limits of traditional critical methodologies in the face of such works. Though the concrete examples presented are mostly taken from a relatively circumscribed time and culture – the USA post-World War Two – I claim that the problematics of indeterminacy herein discussed are generally prevalent in long poetic forms, and in a certain sense constitutive of them. The thesis maps how ‘indeterminacy’ as a concept within literary criticism conflicts with that model of criticism concerned primarily with the ‘close reading’ of texts and the hermeneutic elucidation of ‘meaning’ thereby. Between historicism and close reading, it argues that this indeterminacy is most pervasive and yet most critically overlooked within traditions of what I call ‘longform’ poetics. The Introduction, discusses the unfitness of Cage’s early text ‘Indeterminacy’ to traditional modes of close-reading as exemplified in I.A. Richards and William Empson. It then recounts the developing discourse around poetic indeterminacy as it emerged through Roman Ingarden, Wolfgang Iser, Marjorie Perloff and Charles Altieri, and how that discourse increasingly configures the question of indeterminacy less around meaning and more around reading as an activity in itself. Chapter One provides a critical redescription of Olson’s hugely influential manifesto-essay ‘Projective Verse’ via comparison to Muriel Rukeyser’s The Life of Poetry. Chapter Two addresses the problem of reading speed with reference to Olson’s interest in the cinema. Chapter Three describes the poetics of heterogeneity and surprise exemplified by Cage’s Mushroom Book. Chapter Four investigates the arrangement and disarray of Olson’s ‘archive poetics’ and his insistent habit of listing. Chapter Five considers how Cage’s cavilling over the idea of ‘ideas’ informs and deforms his huge mesostic lectures I-VI. Chapter Six uses Olson’s interest in models to tease out the constitution of his longform poetics on a set of indeterminate part-whole relations. Chapter Seven traces the effects of typos in two editions of Cage’s Anarchy, and in the thought and editorial practices of Olson. Throughout, the thesis delineates various protocols for reading, models for how to engage the longform texts of Olson and Cage, aiming to demonstrate how for these poetries one needs to select and ‘read through’ a poetics as a sort of optic, one through which such reticent texts can be made legible.

Orientador: Ricardo Machado Leite de Barros / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T05:36:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sarro_KarineJacon_M.pdf: 1466736 bytes, checksum: 68b9038a388d75b1c8d0f9182d905811 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: A respiração, em especial a fase da ventilação, é um ato dinâmico dependente da ação coordenada dos músculos respiratórios e da movimentação das estruturas osteo-articulares da caixa torácica. O presente trabalho objetiva propor e avaliar uma metodologia baseada em videogrametria para a análise experimental quantitativa da movimentação da caixa torácica durante a respiração bem como variáveis descritoras da movimentação da mesma. Para tanto, foi utilizado um sistema de análise cinemática tridimensional de movimentos (Dvideow) para obter a descrição das trajetórias espaciais de 38 marcadores fixados sobre referências anatômicas na caixa torácica de 14 sujeitos saudáveis. A partir das coordenadas tridimensionais dos marcadores as seguintes variáveis experimentais puderam ser obtidas: a) descrição das trajetórias espaciais dos marcadores de superfície a partir de um sistema para análise cinemática de movimentos; b) variação das distâncias ântero-posteriores (DAP) e transversais (DT) da caixa torácica, obtida através do cálculo das distâncias lineares entre os marcadores; c) evolução temporal de quatro ângulos articulares obtidos entre as costelas e diferentes sistemas de coordenadas, representando a movimentação das costelas, e análise da correlação destas variáveis; d) comportamento dos espaços intercostais, obtido através do cálculo das distâncias entre os marcadores adjacentes. A avaliação da metodologia proposta foi feita a partir dos seguintes testes: a) análise da acurácia do sistema de análise cinemática nas condições de aplicação da metodologia; b) análise da sensibilidade das variáveis experimentais aos erros do sistema de medida; c) análise da variabilidade intra-examinador dos resultados devido ao reposicionamento dos marcadores em dias diferentes. Os resultados referentes à metodologia mostraram uma acurácia de 2,4 mm, gerando erros máximos de 2 graus nas variáveis angulares. Os valores médios da DAP e da DT encontrados foram compatíveis com a literatura estudada. A variação relativa da DT e da DAP foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) durante a respiração em capacidade vital (CV) que em volume corrente (VC). As costelas 3 a 5 apresentaram variação da DAP significativamente menor que as costelas 9 e 10. Os ângulos a (movimento do par de costelas no plano quasi-sagital) e q (angulação da costela direita em relação à esquerda) apresentaram variação coerente com os ciclos respiratórios. A variação do ângulo a foi significativamente maior nas costelas 1, 2, 3, 5 e 6 em relação às costelas 9 e 10 durante respiração em CV. Os resultados da correlação entre os movimentos das costelas permitiram identificar dois padrões distintos: todas as costelas movimentando-se em concordância de fase (padrão 1), onde enquadraram-se 8 sujeitos, e costelas movimentando-se em oposição de fase (padrão 2), onde enquadraram-se 6 sujeitos. Em relação às distâncias intercostais, estas foram significativamente maiores nos espaços de 1 a 4, os quais também apresentaram maior variabilidade. De maneira geral, a metodologia e as variáveis apresentadas foram capazes de identificar e descrever a movimentação dos componentes osteo-articulares da caixa torácica durante a respiração, contribuindo para a discussão deste problema na literatura / Abstract: Breathing is a dynamic action depending on the coordination of respiratory muscles contraction and the rib cage motion. This work proposes and evaluates a methodology based on videogrammetry for the quantitative experimental analysis of rib cage motion and the descriptive variables of this motion during breathing. Using a 3D kinematics analysis system (Dvideow), the trajectory of 38 landmarks fixed on the rib cage of 14 healthy subjects was obtained, and the following variables were calculated: a) description of spatial trajectories of landmarks; b) variation of the lateral (DT) and anterior-posterior (DAP) distances of the rib cage at the level of the 10 upper ribs, described by the linear distances of the markers in function of time; c) time evolution of four joint angles, obtained between the ribs and different coordinate systems representing rib movements and the analysis of the correlation of these movements; d) intercostal distances, obtained calculating the distances between adjacent landmarks. The methodology was evaluated by the following tests: a) analysis of the system accuracy; b) analysis of the sensibility of the variables to the system errors; c) analysis of the intra-examinator variability of the results for landmarks repositioning. It was obtained an accuracy of 2.4 mm, inducing errors of about 2 degrees on angular variables. The mean values of DAP and DT were consistent with literature. DAP and DT coefficient of variation was significantly higher (p<0.05) during vital capacity (CV) than quite breathing (VC). The 3rd to 5th ribs presented DAP variation significantly smaller than 9th and 10th ribs. Angles a (representing the motion of the pair of ribs at quasi-sagital plane) and q (representing the angle between right and left ribs) presented variation coherent with respiratory cycle. The variation of a was significantly higher at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th ribs in relation to 9th and 10th ribs during CV. The results about the correlation between the motion of the ribs were able to identify two patterns of motion: all the ribs moving in phase (pattern 1), representing 8 subjects, and the last 3 ribs moving in opposite phase (pattern 2), representing 6 subjects. In relation to intercostals distances, spaces 1 to 4 were significantly higher and presented the highest variability. Concluding, the methodology and the variables proposed were able to identify and describe the motion of the rib cage components during breathing, contributing for the discussion of this matter at the literature / Mestrado / Mestre em Educação Física

Aquaculture plays an increasingly important role in food production as the catches of wild fish stocks continue to decline on a global scale through overfishing. However, the rapid development of intensive cage aquaculture in particular, which requires high inputs of energy, food and capital, can result in adverse effects on the environment. While spatial distribution and sediment loading models for particulate wastes from marine fish cages have been under development for more than 10 years, the models still contain numerous assumptions that limit their usefulness. These include the use of very limited data for fish feed and faecal pellets sinking rates that take no account of food manufacturer, type or size or environmental conditions. The present study provides information on a range of pellet types for three of the most important European farmed fish species (i.e. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., sea bream Sparus aurata, sea bass Dicentrachus labrax) that may be readily incorporated into models. Such data, combined with validation of predictions through in situ field investigations is designed to help improve the accuracy and usefulness of solid waste dispersal models. The studies comprise four main sections, i.e., quantifying food and faecal pellet characteristics, examining nutrient leaching rates from uneaten food and fish faeces, determining resuspension characteristics of uneaten food, modelling of solid wastes dispersion and thus the development of environmental tools. Existing literature relating to environmental impacts of cage aquaculture is reviewed and the key factors highlighted. Two preliminary studies provided information on the influence of gravity acceleration on settling velocity determination and appropriate techniques for monitoring the rate of nutrient leaching from faecal wastes. Settling velocities of Atlantic salmon diets were significantly greater at 20 psu salinity than at 33 psu and significantly higher for most pellet types at 10°C than, at 20°C. Settling velocities for unsoaked salmon diets were found to increase with pellet size, from a mean of 5.6 cm s-1 for the smallest pellet (2 mm) to 13.9cm s-1 for the 10 mm standard (20 to 24% fat) pellets. Settling velocities of extruded diets for sea bream and sea bass diets ranged from 3.9 to 10.6 cm s-1, broadly similar to those for salmonid diets. Settling velocities of salmon pellets were not significantly affected by immersion time (0 - 15 min). Given the water depths at fish cage sites and the settling times involved, it is concluded that it is unnecessary to take account of changes in food pellet settling velocity as a result of immersion. Freshly net-collected salmon faecal pellets appeared to consist of fine solid material approximately the size of the formulated diets. The range of salmon faecal settling velocities was 3.7 to 6.2 cm s-1 (mean = 5.3 cm s-1) at 15°C and 33 psu. There are no significant differences in nutrient leaching of carbon and nitrogen from all six salmon diets after 20 min immersion in sea water. However, a rapid loss of faecal nutrients occurred 2.5 to 10 min after immersion in sea water. Total C and total N were found to leach by as much as 22% and 26%, respectively, after 5 min immersion during one sampling occasion. Experiments conducted in a large-scale flume tank showed the critical resuspension velocities of a range of commercial fish feeds were between 8.63 cm s-1 and 9.53 cm s-1. Above the critical resuspension speed, pellets moved by saltation, i.e. traveling along the sediment by rolling, sliding or hopping on the bed. The velocities of pellet resettlement ranged between 0.79 cm s-1 and 3.98 cm s-1 under the critical resuspension speeds. Field trials, involving the deployment of sedimentation traps, showed a general relationship between sedimentation of material and distance from cages, i.e. more sedimented material was associated with sampling sites closest to the cages. The spatial changes in sedimentation rates in the first trial were between 15.4 and 31.7 g DW m-2 d-1 at 30 m and 10 m stations, respectively. Values in the second trial (38.5-65.5 g DW m-2 d-1) were twice those in the first trial, but followed the same pattern. The model presented in this thesis is a combination of a spreadsheet model (Microsoft Excel 6.0) and Surfer plot program (Golden Software Ltd., ver. 6.04). Excel is used to prepare basic mathematical operations behind the model, including a mass balance submodel and use of a formula for calculating dispersion of uneaten food and faeces on the sea bed developed by Gowen et al. (1989). The operation of the waste dispersion model for marine cages takes into account the various settling characteristics of waste particles. It was verified with a set of in situ sedimentation data obtained from the field trial described above. Results described the waste dispersal around the vicinity of the cage farm. For the future, it is intended that further validation and optimisation of the model will be carried forward by a combination of both increasing user involvement and incorporation of data from comprehensive studies as these become available. Together, these will contribute to reducing and remedying the environmental impacts of future development.

Three cage-functionalized polyoxacrown ethers (9, 10 and 12) and four novel cage-functionalized polyoxamonoazacrown ethers (18, 20, 25 and 29) that contain 3,5-disubstituted-4-oxahexacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9.08,11]dodecane ("oxahexacyclic") moiety have been synthesized and their respective alkali metal picrate extraction profiles along with that of three analogues 13, 14 and 21 have been obtained. The observed avidities and selectivities of the host molecules toward complexation and transport of alkali metal picrates can be related to the size and shape of their respective macrocyclic cavity and the number of donor atoms. The effect of N-alkyl substitution on the complexation properties of azacrown ethers has been studied. The avidity of N-Et azacrown ethers toward complexation with alkali metal cations is generally higher than that of the corresponding non-N-alkylated hosts. However, the presence of an N-Et group appears to have a negligible effect upon their relative selectivities in their regards. The effect of pH on extraction process was studied; it was thereby determined that the alkali metal picrate extraction experiments are best performed at high pH (ca. 11-12).

No description available.

The Squirrel Cage is an intermedia composition set in three scenes and two interludes. The composition is based on the short story "The Squirrel Cage" by Thomas M. Disch. Robin Kay Willoughby created the libretto for the composition. The drama for The Squirrel Cage focuses on the actor who is being held captive in a white, padded cell. He does not know how long he has been in the cell or even why he is being held. His only source of stimulation is through the broadcast of National Public Radio that he hears in his cell. The only way he can attempt to communicate with the outside world is through the microphone in his cell, though he never knows if anyone hears his pleas for help. The music is constant expression of his environment and friendly responds directly to the performer's gestures. This volume contains the dissertation text.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Christian Wolff's alternatively notated scores grant the performer several interpretive choices. These pieces feature symbols (known as "coordination neumes") that instruct performers when to begin and end a sound event in relation to the sounds being made around them, thereby generating a reactive improvisation between the musicians. Among these scores are five compositions that form the basis of this project: For 5 or 10 People (1962), In Between Pieces (1963), For 1, 2, or 3 People (1964), Septet (1964), and Edges (1968). Focusing on these pieces specifically, this dissertation explores the unique performance practices required by Wolff's indeterminate music and contextualizes that music within his career in classics and comparative literature, particularly with regard to the concept of translation, and within his creative communities. These creative communities include his fellow New York School composers, New York's wider downtown artistic scenes in the 1950s and 60s, and the experimental music scenes at Cologne and Darmstadt. While scholars such as David Behrman, Thomas DeLio, and Mark Nelson have addressed the interactive quality of Wolff's notation and the technical skills needed to execute his pieces, I argue that there are deeper processes at work in these compositions that go beyond typical discussions of performance practice. Applying Gestalt psychology's principles of organization as a means of analyzing the process of performing these works, I reveal potential conflicts between the temporal spacing implied by the notation's visual elements and the temporal spacing in an actual performance. I also examine the discography of Wolff's pieces and compare recordings to demonstrate how different realizations can be. Lastly, using an autoethnographic approach, I argue that Wolff's coordination neumes create a collaborative atmosphere among performers that act as an on-stage representation of the artistic community fostered in New York's cultural environment at mid-century. Ultimately, in making connections between these works, their performance practices, and the cultural and intellectual environments in which they were produced, this dissertation establishes new perspectives on, and approaches to, experimental notational practices as a whole, both for historical and analytic scholarship as well as performance studies.

In this study a number of cage alkenes were synthesised and tested for activity towards ringopening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) with the commercially available catalysts 55 (Grubbs-I) and 56 (Grubbs-II). The first group of monomers are derivatives of tetracyclo[6.3.0.04,1105,9]undec-2-en-6-one (1). The synthesis of these cage alkenes are summarised in Scheme 7.1. The cage alkene 126b was synthesised by a Diels-Alder reaction between 1 and hexachlorocyclopentadiene (9, Scheme 7.2). The geometry of 126b was determined from XRD data. Knowledge of the geometry of 126b also established the geometry of 127 since conformational changes during the conversion from 126b to 127 are unlikely. Synthesis of the cage alkene 125 by the cycloaddition of 9 to 118 failed. The cage alkene exo-11- hydroxy-4,5,6,7,16,16-hexachlorohexacyclo[7.6.1.03,8.02,13.010,14]hexa-dec-5-ene (124, Scheme 7.3) could therefore not be prepared. Synthesis of 125 by reduction of 126b with various reduction systems was not successful. Theoretical aspects of these reactions were investigated with molecular modelling. A possible explanation for the unreactive nature of 126b towards reduction is presented, but the lack of reactivity of 118 towards 9 eluded clear explanations. The synthesis of cage alkenes from 4-isopropylidenepentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]-undecane-8,11- dione (23) did not meet with much success (Scheme 7.4). Numerous synthetic methods were investigated to affect the transformation from 134a/134b to 135 (Scheme 7.5). These attempts evolved into theoretical investigations to uncover the reasons for the observed reactivity. Possible explanations were established by considering the differences and similarities between the geometries and electronic structures of reactive and unreactive cage alcohols. ROMP of cage monomers based on 1 were mostly unsuccessful. Only the cage monomer 127 showed some reactivity. Endocyclic cage monomers with a tetracycloundecane (TCU) framework showed no reactivity. The results from NMR experiments verified the experimental results. Hexacyclo[8.4.0.02,9.03,13.04,7.04,12]tetradec-5-en-11,14-dione (3) exhibited notable ROMP reactivity. Examination of the orbitals of the cage alkenes used in this study suggested that the reactivity of 1 and 3 could possibly be enhanced by removal of the carbonyl groups. Decarbonylation of 1 and 3 yielded the cage hydrocarbons 159 and 175, respectively. ROMP tests revealed that 175 is an excellent monomer, but 159 was unreactive. The results obtained for the ROMP reactions in this study was rationalised by considering aspects such as ring strain, energy profiles, steric constraints, and frontier orbital theory. The concept of ring strain is less useful when describing the reactivity of cage alkenes towards ROMP and therefore the concepts of fractional ring strain and fractional ring strain energy (RSEf) were developed. A possible link between RSEf and the ROMP reactivity of cage alkenes was also established. The following criteria were put forth to predict the reactivity or explain the lack of reactivity of cage alkenes towards ROMP reactions with Grubbs-I and Grubbs-II. The criteria for ROMP of cage monomers: 1. Sufficient fractional ring strain energy (RSEf). 2. A reasonable energy profile when compared to a reference compound such as cyclopentene. 3. Ability to form a metallacyclobutane intermediate with reasonable distances between different parts of the cage fragment. 4. Sufficient ability of the polymer fragment to take on a conformation that exposes the catalytic site. 5. Sufficient size, shape, orientation and energy of HOMO and/or NHOMO at the alkene functionality of the cage monomer and of the LUMO at the catalytic site. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012