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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Alarmine S100A9 : de la théorie du danger aux infections nosocomiales après un choc septique : approche clinique et expérimentale / S100A9 alarmin : from danger model to nosocomial infections after septic shock : clinical and experimental approaches

Fontaine, Mathieu 01 April 2015 (has links)
Le choc septique reste une pathologie grave, associée à des taux de mortalité et d'infections nosocomiales (IN) secondaires élevés. La prédiction du pronostic est de la plus haute importance pour sélectionner les patients qui pourraient bénéficier de traitements visant à moduler la réponse immunitaire. Le système immunitaire, classiquement active par des agents externes, peut également être activé par des médiateurs endogènes exprimés à la suite d'une agression d'origine septique ou non. Les protéines S100 font partie de ces signaux de danger endogènes (ou alarmines). Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer la capacité de l'ARNm de S100A9 mesuré dans le sang total de patients en choc septique à prédire la survie et la survenue d'IN. Nous avons également étudié la régulation de l'expression des ARN messagers de S100A8 et S100A9 dans un modèle ex vivo de tolérance à l'endotoxine qui reproduit partiellement les dysfonctions de l'immunité innée induites par le sepsis. L'ARNm de S100A9 est surexprimé dans le sang des patients en choc septique. Un taux élevé entre le 7eme et le 10eme jour du début du choc septique est associé à la survenue d'IN secondaires. Ex vivo, l'expression des ARNm de S100A8 et S100A9 est augmentée durant le phénomène de tolérance à l'endotoxine. Le blocage de l IL-10 et l'administration d'IFN-γ réduisent l'augmentation de ces ARNm dans ce modèle. Apres confirmation dans des études cliniques, ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent que l'expression des ARNm de S100A8 et S100A9 puisse être utilisée comme marqueur du phénomène de tolérance à l'endotoxine et comme outils pour évaluer la dysfonction immunitaire des patients en choc septique. Ces patients pourraient alors bénéficier de thérapies visant à restaurer leurs fonctions immunitaires / Septic shock remains a serious disease with high mortality and increased risk of hospital-acquired infection. The prediction of outcome is of the utmost importance for selecting patients for therapeutic strategies aiming to modify the immune response. Immune system, typically activated by external agents, can also be activated by endogenous mediators induced by various types of stress (trauma, infection, burns). S100 proteins are part of the alarmins family. The aim of this study was to assess the capability of S100A9 messenger RNA in whole blood from patients with septic shock to predict survival and the occurrence of hospital-acquired infection. We also investigate the regulation of S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA expressions in an ex vivo model of endotoxin tolerance which partially reproduces sepsis-induced innate immune alterations. S100A9 messenger RNA is increased in septic shock and its delayed overexpression is associated with the occurrence of secondary hospital-acquired infection. Ex vivo, S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA expressions are increased during endotoxin tolerance. IL-10 blockade and rIFN-γ treatment partially abrogated S100A8/A9 mRNA increases in this model. Pending confirmation in larger, independent clinical studies, these preliminary results suggest that S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA levels might be used as surrogate markers of endotoxin tolerance and as evaluation tools for immune dysfunctions in septic shock patients. These patients could be selected for therapeutic aiming to restore immune functions
2

Inhibiting KDM6A Demethylase Represses Long Non-Coding RNA Hotairm1 Transcription in MDSC During Sepsis

Bah, Isatou, Youssef, Dima, Yao, Zhi Q., McCall, Charles E., Elgazzar, Mohamed 01 January 2022 (has links)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) prolong sepsis by promoting immunosuppression. We reported that sepsis MDSC development requires long non-coding RNA Hotairm1 interactions with S100A9. Using a mouse model that simulates the immunobiology of sepsis, we find that histone demethylase KDM6A promotes Hotairm1 transcription by demethylating transcription repression H3K27me3 histone mark. We show that chemical targeting of KDM6A by GSK-J4 represses Hotairm1 transcription, which coincides with decreases in transcription activation H3K4me3 histone mark and transcription factor PU.1 binding to the Hotairm1 promoter. We further show that immunosuppressive IL-10 cytokine promotes KDM6A binding at the Hotairm1 promoter. IL-10 knockdown repletes H3K27me3 and reduces Hotairm1 transcription. GSK-J4 treatment also relocalizes nuclear S100A9 protein to the cytosol. To support translation to human sepsis, we demonstrate that inhibiting H3K27me3 demethylation by KDM6A ex vivo in MDSCs from patients with protracted sepsis decreases Hotairm1 transcription. These findings suggest that epigenetic targeting of MDSCs in human sepsis might resolve post-sepsis immunosuppression and improve sepsis survival.

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