The schools of California are becoming increasingly aware of their responsibility in the assimilation of minority groups into participation in the full life of the community. Varied studies are underway to determine effective methods of meeting the needs of these groups of differing cultural, racial, language, and economic backgrounds. One of these areas of need is that that of speech, with which this study is concerned.

The research group was also anxious to take on this study because it was just following the first welfare worker’s strike in California. This had occurred at the agency in question and provided a situation in which the team would receive maximum cooperation. It was expected that the agency would be more likely to implement the team’s suggestions. As the study progressed the questions which became of most interest were those which related to the issues of whether or not the organization could function well, where the sources of power and goal-setting lay, and what could be done. After a review of the literature in related fields, it was decided that Amitai Etzioni’s work would be the most helpful to us in understanding organizations. For the purpose of the present study there will be no discussion of the practical application of specific recommendations. This article will concern itself only with the theoretical issue which surrounded the original study.

It was the purpose of this study (1) to throw light upon specific speech needs of pupils in one of the elementary schools in Stockton; (2) to throw light on the status of speech in a school population among which the factors of low I.Q. retarded academic progress, exceptionally limited economic background, and racial and national differences, and relatively small; (3) by extension, to indicate something more generally regarding the speech needs of such children of whom the pupils surveyed tended to be a representative group; (4) to find indication of the influence of the factor of chronological age upon articulatory accuracy; (5) to throw light upon the question of the extent to which maturation, rather than training, can be relied upon for the elimination of speech errors in children; (6) to find indication of the influence of the factor of sex upon articulatory accuracy; (7) to discover, among students manifesting inaccuracies, to what extent the inaccuracies tended to be manifested in a relatively large number of sounds, and to what extent they tended to be limited to relatively few sounds; (8) to find indications as to which sounds are most difficult, i.e., most frequently inaccurate, and which sounds are least difficult, i.e., least frequently inaccurate, among primary school children; and (9) to find indications as to the relative frequency of errors in the initial, medial, and final positions of words, respectively.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis is the story of the development of the Catholic Church in San Joaquin County and the adjacent areas that were served by the pioneer clergymen of Stockton 1 s St. Mary's Church from approximately 1851 to 186). These first dozen years of Central California Catholicism cover the pastorates of Stockton's first four priests: Fathers Dominic Blaive, Cornelius Delahunty, Robert Maurice, and Joseph Gallagher. These dozen years mark the transition of Stockton from a hectic supply center for the Southern Mines to a stable community whose economy became, based upon the agricultural production of its surrounding rural areas. These first four pastors, then, witnessed the development of the early American Catholic Church from its infancy as a mission when Abbe Blaive arrived in Stockton from his native France, to its maturity as a stable.and respected community church under the spiritual direction of the American, Father Joseph Gallagher.

Univ., Diss.--St. Gallen, 2004.

Water allocation in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California has been challenging. Irrigators have increasingly turned to groundwater to make up for surface water shortages because of shifts in allocation toward in-stream flows for Endangered Species Act listed fishes. The largest increase in groundwater pumping has been in and around the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project, which includes the Tule Lake subbasin in the southern part of the upper Klamath Basin. Previous groundwater flow model simulations indicate that water level declines from pumping may result in decreased flow to agricultural drains in the Tule Lake subbasin. Agricultural drains on the Klamath Project are an important source of water for downstream irrigators and for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. To better assess the impact of increased pumping on drain flow and on the water balance of the groundwater system, flow data from agricultural drains were evaluated to investigate the changes that have taken place in groundwater discharge to drains since pumping volumes increased. Additionally, a fine-grid groundwater model of the Tule Lake subbasin was developed based on the existing regional flow model. The fine-grid model has sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution to simulate vertical head gradients, takes advantage of time-series data from 38 observation wells for model calibration, and allows agricultural drains to be more explicitly represented. Results of the drain flow analysis show that the groundwater discharge to agricultural drains has decreased by approximately 4000 hectare-meters from the 1997-2000 average discharge. Most of this decrease takes place in the northern and southeastern portions of the subbasin. Results of the groundwater model show that the initial source of water to wells is groundwater storage. By 2006, approximately 56% of the water from wells is sourced from agricultural drains.

This paper discusses the emergence of vaudeville in California’s Inland Empire region of San Bernardino and Riverside counties. It will consider the social changes underway in late nineteenth-century America and their impact on attitudes towards popular entertainment. This paper will draw on Lawrence Levine’s observations of cultural hierarchies that emerged during the late nineteenth century and shaped American understandings of culture. Entertainment of the nineteenth century will be examined for the ways it was unable to match urban trends, and contrasted with vaudeville’s appeal to a diverse urban populace. The cities of San Bernardino, Redlands and Riverside were home to a number of opera houses and theaters to serve rapidly growing communities, and a review of the performances offered in these communities and at these venues will demonstrate these shifts in popular entertainment.

Vigilantism has a long history in the United States stretching back to the Regulator movement in South Carolina in 1767. These extralegal movements are distinguished from spontaneous and ephemeral mob activity by their regular organization and limited life-span. The San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1856 was the largest vigilante movement in American history. After a summer of vigilantism that included four hangings, the committee turned to politics and formed the People’s Party which dominated San Francisco's city government for the next decade. The 1856 committee is generally considered the great exemplar of American vigilantism and has received considerable attention from scholars. San Francisco’s 1856 vigilance committee regarded itself as a reorganization of that city's 1851 Committee of Vigilance. Like its more illustrious offspring, the 1851 committee hanged four men and banished many others. The vigilantes of 1851 did not, however, form a political party. Because of this some scholars have considered the work of the 1851 committee to be incomplete and have deemed it less worthy of attention than the committee of 1856. But in attempting to understand the intellectual grounding of San Francisco's vigilantes, this view is incorrect. The vigilantes in 1856 felt they were carrying on the work of the 1851 committee. Thus, to comprehend the events of 1856 it is necessary to understand the inspiration for the 1851 vigilance committee. The key to vigilantism in San Francisco lies in 1851. An understanding of the spirit which animates vigilantism is valuable because of what it reveals about American concepts of self-government. Vigilantes conceive of their their authority as springing from the same source as does that of the government: the people. San Francisco provides an extraordinary case for the study of notions about popular sovereignty in antebellum America. In order to make sense of what happened in San Francisco in 1851 this thesis first analyzes the political thought and philosophy that had developed in America to that time. It also examines the changing social ethos that came to emphasize equality. The two vigilance committees of San Francisco were a consummation of the political and social developments of antebellum America. I have relied on the extensive secondary literature for my interpretation. San Francisco in 1851 was in the midst of a singular episode in American history: the gold rush. The promise of riches made California the reification of the ideals of equality and opportunity that matured during the antebellum era. For the exploration of California and San Francisco I have used secondary sources and some primary sources, especially the Alta California, one of San Francisco’s newspapers. This reliance on the Alta was in part due to its availability. The attitudes toward vigilantism expressed by the 표L후르 were similar to other California newspapers. All of them supported the vigilantes in 1851. The episode of vigilantism in 1851 was a formative experience for the city of San Francisco. It served as an example of popular action and helped to define the limits of such action for the city's residents. The relationship between popular action and government was illuminated in San Francisco. Because of the way in which the people were endowed with power, they could create government and later defy that same government without destroying their creation.