Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / "May 2006" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1999. / Thesis based on 5 papers, which are included in the volume. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 22, 2006). The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2006" Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

It is important to take care of calves and their health for good results in beef-raising. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplements Lactovita and Biopolym on the frequency of diarrhoea occurrence in calves in the first stages of the period after weaning for milk nutrition. The experiment was conducted in farmers' cooperation Staré Hobzí, where Holstein Cattle are bred. Two groups of calves were made ? control and experimental group. In an experimental group dietary supplements to support active immunity were served according to the guideline. In case of diarrhoea occurrence the calves from experimental group were cured in the same way as the calves from control group. The occurrence of disorders during the period of experiment, method and length of treatment were recorded. Recorded data were summarised and statistically evaluated. The calves were examined from 29th February to 20th December. The results proved positive effect of dietary supplements Lactovita and Biopolym, but these results were statistifically insignificant. It is assumed that in case of studying bigger groups the proof of statistical significance will be more probable.

The basis for a successful cattle production is the proper care taking of pregnant cows as well as a sufficient care taking of the new-born calves. During the last years, a big attention has been given to this area because the higher farming quality the higher economic benefits and the lower losses in meat and milk yield will be respectively. For this reason, an influence of different feed supplements (Lactovita, Biopolym, Homeopathics) on haematological and biochemical parameters as well as an effect on weight gain and amounts of microorganisms in new-born calves has been studied. The specific aim of this thesis is to evaluate an influence of these supplements on incidences of diarrhea, microbial activity and to assess its effect on selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters. Three experimental and one control group (ten calves per each) were set up in the chosen company. The experimental groups had a modified feeding ratio between the first and the fourth week of life the calves received either colostrum + 5ml "PVB" homeopathic or colostrum + 5 ml "Biopolym" prebiotics or colostrum + 1 pill of "Lactovita", while the control group received colostrum without supplement. The first day after birth, a blood sample and a microbial smear sample were taken. Second sample collection was carried out in the fourth week of life. The calves were weighed every week. Obtained data were processed graphically and in tables and were statistically evaluated. The influence of mentioned feed additives on weight gain and diarrhea occurrence was evaluated from the obtained results. The most of haematological and biochemical parameters have approximately the same values compared to those found by other authors. There were no significant differences in monitored parameters in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, no influence was found on blood parameters. Only in case of zinc a significant difference was found between treated groups and control (p=0,0012). Changes between the treated groups (independently on control) were observed in haematocrit, total protein content, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Non-significant differences between the tested groups and control were found in haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, glycaemia, urea, LF, GMT, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. No impact of tested supplements was found on microbial composition. A positive effect of Lactovita, Biopolym and Homeopathic compared to the control group was found in case of weight gain. The obtained results show some positive trends which should be a subject for further research, where total amount of calves per groups is increased to reduce variability.

Diarrheal diseases of calves are one of the most serious risks of rearing calves and cause economic losses. For this reason, the objective of this work was to assess the influence of means of support in operating conditions for the incidence of diarrheal disease in calves in the early post-weaning stages. A company was chosen for this work in which both the company employees and an external veterinarian were willing to collaborate and provide not only information about the breed in question, but also biological material. This company was JINOS - AGRO Veselí nad Lužnicí. The calves were observed in the period of April - June 2009. The calves were housed in separate boxes the second day after birth until the average age of 56 days. After storage, they were divided into 5 groups: 4 based on the chosen means of support, and a single control group. Faeces samples were collected from the calves and subsequently evaluated. The calves to whom were administered means of support were then evaluated to assess the effect thereof on the incidence of diarrhea, the duration of diarrhea, the method of treatment, and the duration of treatment. The results were summarized and analyzed using a statistical program (STATISTICA 7.0.). There was no statistically significant difference found between the individual groups and the experimental group. An evident and statistically significant difference was found only in the case of a difference between the drugs of the 2 experimental groups, specifically between Lactovita and Homeopatika. Based on this observation, it can be stated that there was no evidence supporting the effectiveness of administered means of support for the incidence of diarrheal disease in calves in the early post-weaning stages.

Healthy and well fed calves are the main prerequisite for high performances. The aim is to evaluate the concept of nutrition of calves and assess the dynamics of selected haematological and biochemical parameters of blood in the sample of agricultural holdings, depending on the influence of selected dietary supplements. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural cooperative Krásna hora nad Vltavou a.s. on the farm Perovice, where they breed Holstein cattle. There were three groups of calves - one control and two experimental. The test groups received dietary supplements to promote active immunity by the instruction. In the first group Lactovita dietary supplements, the latter group food supplement called Biopolym. The first blood sampling was performed from ages 5 to 7 days and a second collection has been made 3 weeks later. Findings and data analysis were summarized and evaluated. The experiment was conducted from August to November 2013.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaessilva_lc_me_jabo.pdf: 1240622 bytes, checksum: 43e0525da56c6c05bc0304559d7a5c2f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral ampliar os estudos sobre a variabilidade genética para mortalidade pré (Mpre) e pós-natal (Mpos) em bovinos da raça Nelore, estimando parâmetros genéticos dessas características. Os dados analisados foram provenientes de fêmeas nascidas entre 1984 e 1995, pertencentes à Agropecuária Jacarezinho Ltda, localizada no município de Valparaíso. As variáveis Mpre e Mpos se caracterizam por expressão binária, considerando-se duas condições, para Mpre: 1= sucesso, para os bezerros que conseguiram nascer e 0= falha, para bezerros que não conseguiram chegar ao final da gestação; e para Mpos: 1= sucesso, para bezerros que estavam presentes na desmama e 0= falha, para os que apresentaram peso ao nascer (PN), mas não conseguiram sobreviver até a desmama. O grupo contemporâneo (GC) foi considerado como efeito aleatório no modelo. Para Mpre o GC foi definido como: ano e fazenda no inicio da estação de monta, ano e fazenda de nascimento da vaca e estação de monta. Como efeito fixo foi considerado a idade da fêmea ao inicio da estação de monta em classes (variando de 1 a 13 anos). Para Mpos o GC foi definido como: bezerros do mesmo sexo, fêmeas nascidas e paridas na mesma fazenda e ano e grupo de manejo ao nascimento das fêmeas, foram considerados como efeitos fixos a idade da vaca ao parto em classes (variando de 2 a 9 anos), e como covariável o PN do bezerro (efeito linear e quadrático). Os componentes de variância foram estimados em análise unicaracterística utilizando-se a inferência Bayesiana pelo programa THRGIBBS1F90. Os intervalos de amostragem foram pelo pacote estatístico “BOA” (“Bayesian Output Analysis”), do programa R (R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM). A taxa de Mpre, encontrada no conjunto de dados foi de 2,0% e a estimativa de herdabilidade direta para Mpre, com base na característica da fêmea foi de magnitude moderada... / The aims of this research were to increase the knowledge about genetic variability of stillbirth (Mpre) and postnatal mortality (Mpos) in Nellore cattle through estimates of the genetic parameters for these traits. Mpre and Mpos were assessed as a cow and calf traits, and sire and animal model were compared. Datasets were obtained from females born between 1984 and 1995 on the Agropecuaria Jacarezinho Ltda. Mpre and Mpos are characteristics of binary expression, considering, for Mpre: 1= success, for calves that could be born, and failure (0), for those failed to reach in the end of pregnancy. For Mpos: success (1) for calves those were present at weaning, and failure (0): for those who had birth weight (PN), but did not survive weaning. The contemporary group (CG) was considered as the random effect in the model. For Mpre the GC was defined by year and farm at start of the breeding season of the cow, year and farm of birth of the cow and breeding season; the fixed effect was the age of the cow at beginning of breeding season (in classes, ranging from 1-13 years). For Mpos the GC was defined by calves of the same sex, cows that were born and calved on the same farm, year and handling group at calving; the fixed effects was age of calving (in classes, ranging 2-9 years) and, as covariable, the PN of calf (linear and quadratic). Variance components were estimated in univariate analysis using the Bayesian inference by the program THRGIBBS1F90. The sampling intervals were defined by statistical package “BOA” (Bayesian Output Analysis) included in program R (R Development Core Team, 2008). The rate of Mpre found in the dataset was 2.0%. The estimate of direct heritability for Mpre, based on the female´s traits was moderate (0.22), indicating moderate genetic gain in the population and good prospects for selection response. Estimates of direct heritability (0.01) and maternal total... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_hf_dr_fmvz.pdf: 909995 bytes, checksum: 5454378909693619c7d4f23b8ab3dacb (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Avaliou-se o efeito de níveis nutricionais adequados ou insuficientes em cobre (Cu) ou zinco (Zn) sobre a resposta imune humoral e hemograma de bezerros Nelore, submetidos à vacinação contra C/ostridium chauvoei. O grupo Controle (n=10) foi composto por bezerros cujas mães receberam nutrição mineral adequada. O grupo -Zn (n=10), e o -Cu (n=10) foram formados por bezerros nascidos de vacas mantidas em dieta insuficiente em Zn e Cu respectivamente. Estes bezerros foram acompanhados até os seis meses de idade, recebendo a mesma suplementação mineral de suas mães. Nestes primeiros seis meses de vida foram medidos os títulos de anticorpos anti-Clostridium chauvoei recebidos via colostro e os niveis de superóxido dismutase eritrocitária. Aos 150 dias de vida estes bezerros tiveram fragmentos de tecido hepático colhidos para análise de Cu e Zn. Aos 180 dias de vida os bezerros receberam vacina contra Clostridium chauvoei, e 36 dias após, receberam reforço vacinal. Foram então medidos os níveis séricos de Cu e Zn (três momentos), títulos de anticorpos em resposta à vacinação (cinco momentos) e hemograma (14 momentos). Apesar de não terem sido obtidos níveis hepáticos de Cu indicativos de deficiência, foram observadas diferenças significativas destes níveis de Cu entre os três grupos (-Zn>Controle>-Cu). Tais diferenças se refletiram em diferenças significativas entre os títulos de anticorpos (Controle>- Zn>-Cu aos 21 dias após a vacinação e 15 dias após o reforço ) e algumas variáveis do hemograma dos diferentes grupos, durante os momentos relacionados ao reforço vacinal (volume globular, leucócitos, neutrófilos, monócitos e eosinófilos). / This research aims to assess the effects of copper and zinc insufficient nutritional levels on the humoral immune response of Nelore calves, submitted to Clostridium chauvoei vaccination. The Control Group (n=10) was composed of calves whose mothers received adequate mineral nutrition. The calves of Group -Zn (n=10) and Group -Cu (n=10) were born, respectivelly, from cows under insufficient Zn or Cu nutrition. These calves were accompanied until six months of life, having access to the same mineral supplementation of their mothers. In these calves' first six months of life the titers of anti-Clostridium chauvoei antibodies, received via colostrums, were measured by ELISA assay. At 150 days old, these calves had fragments of their hepatic tissue collected for Cu and Zn levels analysis. At 180 days old, the calves received the first dose of C'ostridium chauvoei vaccine. A second dose of this vaccine was given 36 days later. Then, the antibodies titers in response to both vaccination (five sampling times), the serum Cu and Zn levels (three sampling times) and hemogram were also measured (14 sampling times). Although Cu hepatic levels compatible with deficiency were not obtained, significant differences among these Cu levels of the three groups of calves were observed (-Zn>Control>-Cu), as well as significant differences among the antibodies titers (Control>-Zn and -Cu at 21 days after the first vaccine dose and Control>-Zn>-Cu at 15 days after the booster vaccination) and hemogram of the different groups at the sampling times related to the booster vaccination (corpuscular volume, leucocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosynophils).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-09Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789816.pdf: 288859 bytes, checksum: fd854d222c92768d7558bea239a2c308 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar a taxa de prenhez de vacas Nelore paridas sincronizadas com protocolo de IATF e submetidas a três diferentes tratamentos: remoção de bezerros (RB), aplicação de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e a associação de RB e eCG (RB+eCG). Foram utilizadas 2643 matrizes, entre elas 2044 multíparas e 599 primíparas em duas estações de monta consecutivas, utilizando o mesmo protocolo de IATF a base de P4 e E2. No primeiro ano as vacas foram inseminadas com média de 91,9±16,5 dias pós-parto, já no segundo com média de 51,4±8,38 dias. A taxa de prenhez foi de 56,1% e diferiu entre as EM (P<0,01), no segundo ano foi maior (60,1%) que no primeiro (52,2%), porém não houve interação entre ano e tratamento (P=0,30). Vacas multíparas tenderam (P=0,08) a ter maior prenhez (56,9%) do que primíparas (53,0%). Houve uma tendência de interação para ordem e tratamentos (P=0,06) na taxa de prenhez, em multíparas maior para RB (60,7%) e eCG (56,3%) do que para RB+eCG (53,9%), e em primíparas não foi diferente. Em multíparas com escore de condição corporal (ECC) <2,75 a taxa de prenhez para RB (55,2%) e eCG (54,4%) foram semelhantes e maiores que RB+eCG (45,1%), e em ECC ≥2,75 não foi diferente. Para primíparas não houve interação entre ECC e tratamentos (P=0,13). No segundo ano foram avaliadas a manifestação de estro e a ciclicidade ao início do protocolo. A manifestação de estro foi diferente entre os tratamentos (P<0,01), para tratamento com RB (70,2%) e RB+eCG (68,1%) foi maior do que eCG (55,2%). Vacas com presença de CL tratadas com RB (67,5%) e RB+eCG (70,6%) tiveram maior prenhez que o eCG (46,8%), já em vacas sem CL não foi diferente. As vacas foram classificadas de acordo com o peso dos bezerros na desmama (210 dias), em maior ou menor que a mediana de pesos (>Mediana ou <Mediana). No primeiro ano não houve interação entre peso e taxa de prenhez, já no segundo ano vacas que desmamaram ... / The experiment aimed to evaluate pregnancy rate of Nelore cows calved synchronized with TAI protocol and subjected to three different treatments: calf removal (CR), application of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and the association of CR and eCG (CR+eCG). Animals were used in 2643, including 599 primiparous and multiparous 2044 in two consecutive breeding seasons (BS), and all the animals were synchronized with the same TAI protocol based P4 and E2. The first year the cows were served with 91.9±16.5 days postpartum medium, and the second year with 51.4±8.38 days. The mean pregnancy rate of cows was 56.1 % and differed between BS (P<0.01) in the second year was higher (60.1%) than in the first (52.2%), but no interaction between year and treatment (P=0.30). Multiparous cows tended (P = 0.08) to have a higher pregnancy rate (56.9%) than primiparous (53.0%). There was a tendency interaction in pregnancy rate between order and treatments (P=0.06), multiparous pregnancy rate was higher for CR (60.7%) and eCG (56.3%) than for CR+eCG (53.9 %), and primiparous was not different. In multiparous with body score condition (BCS) <2.75 pregnancy rate among treatments (55.2%, 54.4 % and 45.1 %) was similar to CR and eCG, and both greater CR+eCG, respectively. As for BCS ≥2.75 the pregnancy rate between treatments was not different. In primiparous no interaction between BCS and treatments (P=0.13). In the second year were detected estrous behavior and cyclicity at beginning of protocol. The rate of heat detection was different between treatments (P<0.01), whereas cows treated with CR (70.2%) and CR+eCG (68.1%) had higher expression of estrus than eCG (55.2%). Cows with presence of CL treated with CR (67.5%) and CR+eCG (70.6 %) were higher pregnancy rate than eCG (50.0%), and cows without CL was not different. The cows was divided in two weaning weight classes (210 days), higher our less that median (>Median our <Median). In the first year not ...