The current design storm estimation method used in Canada is based on single site frequency analysis and single site intensity-duration-frequency relationships and involves large uncertainties, especially at short-term record stations and ungauged sites. To overcome the shortcoming of the current approach, a new improved method based on regional frequency analysis and regional depth-duration-frequency equations is proposed. The L-moments are used in the three stages of regional frequency analysis, namely the delineation of homogenous regions, the identification of a regional parent distribution, and the estimation of distribution's parameters. Following a numerical analysis of short duration (5 minutes to 24 hours) rainfall extremes from 375 stations, it was found that Canada may be considered as one homogeneous region where L-skewness and L-kurtosis display no significant spatial variability. Also, based on mean annual precipitation (map), Canada may be subdivided into climatologically homogeneous sub-regions, wherein the L-coefficient of variation in virtually constant. The regional parent distribution was identified as the general extreme value (GEV), the parameters of which depend on the map and storm duration. These findings are different from the present method, where the extreme value type I (EVI) is used irrespective of storm duration. A hierarchical regional approach is proposed for fitting the identified GEV distribution, where the L-skewness, L-coefficient of variation, and mean are estimated on a regional, sub-regional, and at-site basis, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation studies indicate that the hierarchical regional GEV frequency approach is substantially more accurate than the single site frequency method. In particular, it is shown that three times as much data are required for the single site method to provide the same accuracy as the hierarchical regional approach. The depth-duration and depth-frequency ratios computed by the developed hierarchical regional GEV approach are used to assess the hypothesis that convective cells associated with short duration storms (i.e. less than 120 minutes) have common properties in different hydrologic regions. Depth-duration ratios (defined as the ratios of the t-min to the 60-min rainfall depth of the same return period) are found to be independent of return period and geographical location for any storm less than 60 minutes. However, for storms of longer durations, depth-duration ratios depend on both the return period and the geographical location indexed by the at-site map. Depth-frequency ratios (defined as the ratios of the T-yr to the 10-yr rainfall depths of the same storm duration) are also found to depend on the return period and geographical location. Hence, the assumption of geographically independent depth-frequency ratios used in previous studies is incorrect. Generalized expressions of depth-duration and depth-frequency ratios are combined to develop a set of regional depth-duration-frequency equations that are applicable in Canada. These equations are found to be more accurate than other regional equations developed in previous studies. Furthermore, a split sampling experiment has verified that the proposed equations reproduce the rainfall frequency data at long-term record stations in different hydrologic zones better than the existing single site AES equations. Finally, the proposed hierarchical regional GEV approach and depth-duration-frequency equations are combined to develop a new design storm estimation method at ungauged sites. This method is shown to be a viable alternative to the current arbitrary interpolation procedure from isoline maps.

Cette these etablit le degre d'alphabetisation des populations acadiennes a Port Royal et Grand Pre pour la premiere moitie du XVIII$\sp{\rm e}$ siecle, a partir des signatures aux actes de mariage dans les registres paroissiaux; elle mesure aussi le meme phenomene pour les Acadiens apres la Deportation dans les paroisses de St-Pierre de Pubnico et de St-Anselme de Chezzetcook en Nouvelle-Ecosse, de St-Antoine de Richibouctou au Nouveau-Brunswick, de St-Jacques de l'Achigan et de L'Acadie au Quebec. Les Acadiens avaient un tres haut degre d'alphabetisation lors de la conquete par l'Angleterre en 1713; sous la domination anglaise, l'art de signer s'est perdu graduellement de sorte qu'en 1755 peu d'Acadiens savaient signer. Apres 1755, les Acadiens regroupes au Canada ne savaient pratiquement pas signer: ceux des Maritimes ne l'ont reappris que tard au XIX$\sp{\rm e}$ siecle sauf ceux de St-Pierre de Pubnico, qui presentent un cas d'exception; ceux du Quebec ont appris au meme rythme que la population quebecoise. L'art de signer ou l'alphabetisation qui disparai t avec la fermeture des ecoles sous la domination anglaise en Acadie est clairement un premier resultat de l'ecole, ecole organisee et supportee au Canada francais tres longtemps par le clerge et les communautes religieuses catholiques.

L'enchassement de l'article 36 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 est le resultat d'une tradition de partage de la richesse collective dans l'etat federal canadien. Pour l'annee financiere 1993-1996, la perequation concerne plus de 8,3 milliards de dollars pour le gouvernement federal et plus de 3,7 milliards de dollars pour le gouvernement du Quebec. Des son ediction, les principaux comentaires de nature constitutionnelle qui ont ete faits relativement a l'article 36 furent les suivants: il serait vague, il ne serait pas peformatif, il ne comporterait pas de sanction, il ne serait pas justiciable et il n'aurait qu'un effet ideologique. Notre hypothese est que l'article 36 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, qui est de droit nouveau, est constitutionnellement normatif et justiciable. Nous allons tenter de la verifier en faisant l'analyse de la nature et de la portee de ces obligations sociales et economiques dans leue contexte ideologique et de ces obligations fiscales et financieres dans leur contexte politique. Pour ce faire, nous developperons une theorie de la norme constitutionnelle a laquelle nous confronterons de maniere pratique l'article 36. C'est l'application de cette ossalure analytique a l'article 36 qui nous permettra de nous assurer du bien-fonde de nos conclusions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Avant la confederation canadienne, la province du Nouveau-Brunswick ne possedait qu'un seul centre urbain en importance, soit celui de Saint John. Notre these demontre qu'il existe un lien entre la croissance demographique de certaines localites du Nouveau-Brunswick et leur integration au reseau postal entre 1870 et 1910. On voit s'operer, pendant cette periode, les debuts de changements importants dans la structure du systeme urbain de cette province, changements qui resultent, selon nous, de deux nouvelles dynamiques: soit la mise en place d'une e conomie spatiale complexe, ayant pour base un reseau terrestre donnant des avantage a de nouvelles localites, et le role grandissant de la classe d'affaires dans le cadre de cette societe des interactions. Sur le plan provincial, l'hegemonie de Saint John sera alors mise au defi par d'autries centres qui tentent de se tailler une place a l'interieur d'un systeme urbain en formation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

"Andrew Allan, Nathan Cohen, and Mavor Moore: Cultural Nationalism and the Growth of Canadian Drama 1945-1960" is concerned with the texture and substance of English-Canada's cultural life in the decade and a half following World War II. This thesis represents a case study in English-Canadian cultural nationalism by focussing on the views of three cultural nationalists who believed that the creation of a national theatre could establish a unique Canadian identity and national unity. Essentially, the thesis argues that the early enthusiasm of the period for the potential of Canadian drama, and high culture in general, was thwarted by public apathy, an inferiority complex, the failure of the government to act on the recommendations of the Massey Report, and the omnipresence of television which paved the way for the conquest of mass culture and technology. By simply articulating their concerns about Canadian culture which were validated by the Massey Commission, cultural nationalists demonstrated that a distinct Canadian culture did exist in spite of the growing influence of the United States. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Interwoven with the history of the political, economic and sociocultural development of Alberta is another history: that of communication between peoples of different languages and cultures. Translators and interpreters are the media through which such communication has taken place, and it is hard to imagine how the prairies, including Alberta, could have been settled and developed without these language specialists. It was not until the late 1970s, however, that the first steps were taken to organize translation and interpretation activities at a professional level. A centralized translation office was established to serve the departments and agencies of the provincial government, and a professional association, the Alberta Translators and Interpreters Association, was formed and accepted as a member of the Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council. Now, in the 1990s, as international exchanges multiply, and as Alberta enters a new phase of its political and economic history, particularly through its special relations with provinces in three Asian countries, it seems inevitable that an increasing number of people will come to realize the importance of professional translation and interpretation to the success of their endeavours. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

In Kingston, Ontario between 1950 and 1962, the land assembly program, which involved all three levels of the Canadian Federal system, generated nearly six hundred fully serviced lots arranged in two subdividisons named Polson Park and Calvin Park. These lots were priced specifically for the middle income market Meanwhile, the public housing program, which also involved all three levels of the Canadian Federal system, built only seventy-one low cost rental units. This total must be considered insufficient when compared to the overall demand for affordable housing. This thesis uses a case study approach to examine the dynamics, at the local level, behind the intergovernmental land assembly program. The first chapter, defines terms, examines various theoretical perspectives and provides a cross-cultural comparison between of the housing policies of Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. The succeeding chapters focus on the formation of the program at the upper echelons of the federal and provincial bureaucracies, two aborted land assembly projects in Kingston and the two successful projects. The land assembly program was very much a reflection of the Canadian socio-economic and political attitudes of the 1950's.

A la lumiere d'un eventail de sources, dont un echantillon de 550 proces de la Cour municipale de Montreal, cette these analyse l'evolution de la pratique prostitutionelle, du discours et des mecanismes de controle s'y rattachant. Plus precisement, elle insiste sur les trois aspects suivants: d'abord, elle demontre que la prostitution feminine met directement en cause les rapports d'appropriation qui marquent les relations hommes/femmes. En effet, la majorite des detenteurs de pouvoir dans la prostitution montrealaise sont des hommes: clients, proxenetes, policiers et juges dominent la scene prostitutionnelle et controlent les prostituees. Deuxiemement, cette these montre que la phenomene prostitutionnel evolue avec le temps et s'inscrit dans le contexte ideologique et socio-economique de la societe montrealaise entre 1945 et 1970. L'impact qu'ont les campagnes de moralite publique de l'immediat apres-guerre sur la redefinition des structures prostitutionnelles illustrent bien ce phenomene. Enfin, cette these permet de detruire certains mythes tenaces relatifs a la prostitution feminine. Ainsi, le profil varie des prostituees montrealaises, la precarite de leur condition economique, l'exploitation et l'etouffement dont elles sont victimes ebranlent serieusement les croyances que la prostitution est un metier payant, dans lequel les prostituees, generalement depeintes comme etant jeunes et celibataires, sont des travailleuses autonomes, mai tres de leur destin.

During the War of the Austrian Succession (1744-1748), four distinct groups--the British; the French; the Three Fires Confederacy (composed of the Odawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi), and an anti-French coalition sought to exercise power in the Great Lakes region. The British sought to enlist the Amerindians of the Lakes in their war against the French. The French attempted to mobilize Amerindians to attack British traders south of Lake Erie. Elements of some Amerindian nations formed a coalition which attempted to replace French with British traders in the Great Lakes region. The pro-French faction among the Three Fires Confederacy sought to avoid entanglement in French actions against the British south of Lake Erie, and to end the violence in the west. Of these groups, it was the Amerindians, particularly the Three Fires Confederacy, who proved capable of initiating and controlling events in the west. Their actions indicate that, in 1744-1748, the Amerindians of the Great Lakes retained their independence and freedom of action, and regarded European alliances as instruments of convenience, not subordination. Moreover, in spite of French pretensions to overlordship and overlapping European claims to Amerindian territory, the Three Fires Confederacy were the paramount power in the Great Lakes region in the mid-eighteenth century.

Canada's decision to establish a Tokyo Legation in 1928 was a major foreign-policy initiative. The Tokyo Legation demonstrated a clear shift, slight as it may have been, in Canada's international outlook away from its traditional North Atlantic orientation. Japan had emerged from World War One a major power on the international scene and the key actor in the far east. The establishment of the diplomatic mission in Tokyo at such an early date clearly demonstrated that the Department of External Affairs recognized the importance of Canada's relations with Asia/Pacific in general and Japan in particular. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)