Le mouvement nationaliste québécois persiste malgré un contrôle social fédéral hostile à son égard et la mondialisation qui tend à homogénéiser la culture. Quels facteurs soutiennent cette persistance? À l'aide de la théorie des mouvements sociaux de Neil Smelser, un regard sur la période 1960 à 1976 permet d'établir que le nationalisme québécois est un mouvement social axé sur des valeurs. Il tire sa conductibilité dans une cohésion sociale et est soutenue par plusieurs facteurs. Des tensions sociales dans la communauté francophone du Québec, des représentations qui y sont formulées, des motivations et des moyens qui sont développés en vue de résoudre les tensions, le leadership ainsi que les effets du contrôle social interviennent dans une dynamique. Chacun de ces facteurs, ajouté à la dynamique, contribué à déterminer la persistance du mouvement. Tant que la dynamique demeurera, le Parti Québécois, le leadership nationaliste, peut maintenir la mobilisation en faveur de l'objectif de l'autonomie nationale, présentée comme une solution adéquate aux tensions de divers niveaux (politiques, économiques, culturelles et sociales), Plutôt qu'un contrôle social hostile, les négociations politiques offriraient de meilleures chances d'intégration constitutionnelle des aspirations nationalistes.

Although Canada is an officially bilingual country, in which French is stated to be the mother tongue of almost 6.8 million people and English of 17.5 million people (2001 Canadian census), there is not a single general bilingual French-English dictionary on the market of Canadian origin. This means that Canadians are forced to use European-produced bilingual dictionaries of English and French such as the Collins-Robert and the Oxford-Hachette, which, since they are intended principally for the European and U.S. markets, do not include many elements of English and French that are used in Canada. When these elements---these "Canadianisms"---are included in European dictionaries, their treatment is often unsatisfactory as they may be presented in an unsystematic, sometimes incomplete and even confusing manner. The Bilingual Canadian Dictionary Project aims to remedy this situation by providing Canadians and more particularly Canadian writers, editors, translators and interpreters, as well as advanced second-language learners with a linguistic tool specially designed to meet their particular needs. This thesis describes the Bilingual Canadian Dictionary Project and its methodology, as well as the Dictionary itself, its source materials, especially its electronic corpora, and the computer tools used in its compilation. The thesis then discusses the particular features that distinguish Canadian French and Canadian English and summarizes the significant events in the evolution of Canadian unilingual and bilingual lexicography. Finally, examples of regional usage from Canada, North America, France and Britain are presented and their entries in two European dictionaries analyzed and compared with their entries in the Bilingual Canadian Dictionary.

This thesis is an exploratory examination of Jewish identity among recent Jewish immigrants from France in Montreal Quebec. It examines the relationship and the role that Jewish identity has played in the immigration of these Jews from France to Montreal and their integration. It also examines other factors, which may have led these Jews to immigrate to Montreal. In order to investigate and analyze their Jewish identity, various theories of identity and other components of "Jewishness 1" are presented in this analysis. It was hypothesized that Jewish identity was one of the factors that led these Jews to leave France. In the analysis of the interviews with these participants, it was considered that not only had their Jewish identity or "Jewishness" led them to immigrate, but also that threats to their "Jewishness" and loved ones were among the main reasons why they immigrated from France to Montreal. All the participants' Jewish identities had also strengthened as a result of the immigration process: they now considered themselves to be "even more Jewish" than before their immigration. This analysis allowed me to conclude that Jewish identity did indeed play a role in the immigration of these Jewish immigrants from France, and that, as a result of their immigration, this identity was reinforced and strengthened within the Montreal Jewish community. I decided to devote my life to telling the story of the Jews because I felt that having survived. I owe something to the dead and anyone who does not remember betrays them again. (Elie Wiesel, 1980). I marvel at the resilience of the Jewish people. Their best characteristic is their desire to remember. No other people have such an obsession with memory. (Elie Wiesel, 1980) 1"Jewishness" refers to specific qualities or characteristics of being Jewish.

The thesis examines the public discourse on race, foreignness, ethnic diversity, inclusion of "new Canadians" in the Canadian national community, and the meaning of "Canadianism" during the WWII years, from 1939 to 1945, and maps the dialectic course of its construction by the Canadian mainstream intellectual and political elite (mostly Anglo-Saxon and Protestant) and the Liberal government in place. The pre-WWII years were marked by noteworthy official disinterest in "Canadianizing" newcomers and by a latent "racialization" of diversity mostly articulated on the basis of "foreignness" or cultural "strangeness" of so-called "racial" origins of non-British and non-French immigrants. With the outset of war, the "we vs. they" polarization, until then specifically implying on the political scene the British vs. French dualism, began to refer as well to a rather different tension in power relations, generated by the "Canadian born" vs. resident "foreign born" or "immigrant" dichotomy. The meaning of this duality briefly shifted to signify the potential distinction between "loyal citizen" and "enemy alien". Fascist or communist ideological leanings and strong nationalist feelings for the fate of the embattled homelands in Europe further exasperated this tension. In the heat of the WWII years, the Canadian government hired Tracy Philipps---an Englishman with expertise in colonial, Middle-Eastern and East-European affairs---to act as an adviser in its endeavours to secure loyalty and support for its war efforts among Canadians of continental European origin, to mitigate the adversarial relationship among various cultural groups, and to encourage faster assimilation of "new Canadians". To this end, the government set up the Committee on Cooperation in Canadian Citizenship and established the Nationalities Branch within its Department of National War Services, with Philipps as its European Adviser. The thesis explores the subsequent changes in the discursive practice created by the mediation of different ideological approaches brought forward by Philipps, various politicians and adult educators in their search to recognize and define what constituted being a "citizen", a "foreigner"---and, most of all, a "Canadian". The debates accelerated the process of common national self-identification and the emergence of a new institution of "Canadian citizenship". The resulting new discourse affirmed the idea that Canada was a national unit with, nevertheless, an inherent diversity that can be contained and managed if that management were entrusted in the state authority as guarantor of the equality of all its citizens.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Canadian music has come into its own and flourished in the twentieth century, but is largely unrecognized on an international level. This document examines three important cello works by Canadian composers that are deserving of international recognition: Jean Coulthard's Sonata for Cello and Piano (1947), Sophie-Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatte's Duo Concertante (1959), and Andre Prevost's Sonate No. 2 pour Violoncelle et Piano (1985). Foundational discussions include the culture of Canadian composition and the governmental programs that support it, the stylistic trends of Canadian composers, and the public resources for Canadian music. Six criteria for judging twentieth century music (craft of motivic content and structure, originality, strongly representing an established style, beauty, public acceptance, and accessibility to the cellist) are outlined in PART II and applied to the analysis of the three works in PART III. The value of the works is qualified through their exemplary display of several criteria. The goal of the document is to champion these exceptional but little-known works of three celebrated Canadian composers, and to encourage more exploration of twentieth century works through the application of the criteria.

Canada's fragmented, provincially-based securities regulatory system is facing domestic and international pressures to become more coherent and efficient. This paper outlines various factors and proposals, concluding that the system must become nationally-based, but only if the change is properly planned, implemented and administered. There should be uniform (or, at least, coordinated) legislation, with federal and provincial joint delegation to a single commission. Interprovincial coordination must improve before, during and after the change. While feasibility requires most provinces to participate, the scheme should not be rejected if unanimity is lacking. Although important, regional autonomy cannot be allowed to outweigh national authority. Market participants will be somewhat reassured if presented with a realistic transitional plan and definite time-table. A national system should proceed only if the federal and provincial governments can plan and implement it with common sense and without damaging compromises.