Quais as causas e condições que levam à ocorrência de diferentes estruturas de Coordenação Vertical (CV) dentro de uma mesma indústria? Este estudo objetiva identificar, caracterizar e analisar as diferentes formas de coordenação vertical encontradas em onze empresas pertencentes ao setor de pêssegos em conserva no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). A presente pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo multi-caso, utilizou-se de duas abordagens teóricas da Economia para estruturar seu modelo de análise: a da Economia dos Custos de Transação e a da Visão Baseada em Recursos. Os resultados revelam que os fatores mais relevantes para a escolha da definição das estruturas de coordenação vertical entre empresas e fornecedores (destas indústrias) são transacionais e de recursos. Altos níveis de incerteza e oportunismo (custos de transação) levam as empresas a adotar estruturas hierárquicas de coordenação (produção própria). O estudo da dinâmica evolutiva das estruturas de Coordenação Vertical permitiu relaciona-las às características dos recursos e dos custos das transações. A primeira, relacionando o modelo de Coordenação Vertical adotado pela empresa aos tipos de recursos (tangíveis e intangíveis) disponíveis; e a segunda, à imprevisibilidade e relevância de problemas no fluxo de suprimento de matéria-prima. A disponibilidade de recursos intangíveis mostrou ter um forte impacto sobre a adoção de relações mais integradas com fornecedores, enquanto que uma maior disponibilidade de recursos tangíveis exerce uma pressão maior no sentido da verticalização da produção de suprimentos. E a segunda, relacionando a imprevisibilidade e a relevância dos problemas no suprimento de matéria prima. Quanto maior a imprevisibilidade ou velocidade de ocorrência e relevância de um problema no fluxo de suprimentos maior será a tendência de reação no sentido da verticalização da produção e vice-versa. / What are the causes and conditions that lead to the existence of different vertical co-ordination (VC) structures within the same industry? This study aims to identify, characterize and analyze the varying forms of VC found in eleven firms that comprise the peach conserve industry in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). In order to establish its analysis model, the present research, which may be characterized as a multi-case study, was based on two theoretical concepts on economics: the Transactional Costs Economics, and the Resources Based View. The results obtained reveal that the most relevant factors that influence the choice of VC structure among these firms and their suppliers are transactional and resources. High levels of uncertainty and opportunism (transaction factors) lead firms to adopt more hierarchical VC structures (own production). Studying the VC structures evolutive dynamics, it was allowed to relate them to the characteristics of Resources and Transactional Costs. The former one has related the VC model adopted by the firm to the different kinds of available resources (tangible or intangible); and the latter one, to the unforeseeability and relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties. Bigger intangible resources availability is shown to have a strong impact on the adoption of more integrated VC structures; whereas greater capital availability moves firms towards a more hierarchical VC of supplies production. Second, the bigger the unforeseeability and the relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties, accordingly bigger will be the reaction tendency to a production verticalization, and vice-versa.

Quais as causas e condições que levam à ocorrência de diferentes estruturas de Coordenação Vertical (CV) dentro de uma mesma indústria? Este estudo objetiva identificar, caracterizar e analisar as diferentes formas de coordenação vertical encontradas em onze empresas pertencentes ao setor de pêssegos em conserva no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). A presente pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo multi-caso, utilizou-se de duas abordagens teóricas da Economia para estruturar seu modelo de análise: a da Economia dos Custos de Transação e a da Visão Baseada em Recursos. Os resultados revelam que os fatores mais relevantes para a escolha da definição das estruturas de coordenação vertical entre empresas e fornecedores (destas indústrias) são transacionais e de recursos. Altos níveis de incerteza e oportunismo (custos de transação) levam as empresas a adotar estruturas hierárquicas de coordenação (produção própria). O estudo da dinâmica evolutiva das estruturas de Coordenação Vertical permitiu relaciona-las às características dos recursos e dos custos das transações. A primeira, relacionando o modelo de Coordenação Vertical adotado pela empresa aos tipos de recursos (tangíveis e intangíveis) disponíveis; e a segunda, à imprevisibilidade e relevância de problemas no fluxo de suprimento de matéria-prima. A disponibilidade de recursos intangíveis mostrou ter um forte impacto sobre a adoção de relações mais integradas com fornecedores, enquanto que uma maior disponibilidade de recursos tangíveis exerce uma pressão maior no sentido da verticalização da produção de suprimentos. E a segunda, relacionando a imprevisibilidade e a relevância dos problemas no suprimento de matéria prima. Quanto maior a imprevisibilidade ou velocidade de ocorrência e relevância de um problema no fluxo de suprimentos maior será a tendência de reação no sentido da verticalização da produção e vice-versa. / What are the causes and conditions that lead to the existence of different vertical co-ordination (VC) structures within the same industry? This study aims to identify, characterize and analyze the varying forms of VC found in eleven firms that comprise the peach conserve industry in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). In order to establish its analysis model, the present research, which may be characterized as a multi-case study, was based on two theoretical concepts on economics: the Transactional Costs Economics, and the Resources Based View. The results obtained reveal that the most relevant factors that influence the choice of VC structure among these firms and their suppliers are transactional and resources. High levels of uncertainty and opportunism (transaction factors) lead firms to adopt more hierarchical VC structures (own production). Studying the VC structures evolutive dynamics, it was allowed to relate them to the characteristics of Resources and Transactional Costs. The former one has related the VC model adopted by the firm to the different kinds of available resources (tangible or intangible); and the latter one, to the unforeseeability and relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties. Bigger intangible resources availability is shown to have a strong impact on the adoption of more integrated VC structures; whereas greater capital availability moves firms towards a more hierarchical VC of supplies production. Second, the bigger the unforeseeability and the relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties, accordingly bigger will be the reaction tendency to a production verticalization, and vice-versa.

Quais as causas e condições que levam à ocorrência de diferentes estruturas de Coordenação Vertical (CV) dentro de uma mesma indústria? Este estudo objetiva identificar, caracterizar e analisar as diferentes formas de coordenação vertical encontradas em onze empresas pertencentes ao setor de pêssegos em conserva no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). A presente pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo multi-caso, utilizou-se de duas abordagens teóricas da Economia para estruturar seu modelo de análise: a da Economia dos Custos de Transação e a da Visão Baseada em Recursos. Os resultados revelam que os fatores mais relevantes para a escolha da definição das estruturas de coordenação vertical entre empresas e fornecedores (destas indústrias) são transacionais e de recursos. Altos níveis de incerteza e oportunismo (custos de transação) levam as empresas a adotar estruturas hierárquicas de coordenação (produção própria). O estudo da dinâmica evolutiva das estruturas de Coordenação Vertical permitiu relaciona-las às características dos recursos e dos custos das transações. A primeira, relacionando o modelo de Coordenação Vertical adotado pela empresa aos tipos de recursos (tangíveis e intangíveis) disponíveis; e a segunda, à imprevisibilidade e relevância de problemas no fluxo de suprimento de matéria-prima. A disponibilidade de recursos intangíveis mostrou ter um forte impacto sobre a adoção de relações mais integradas com fornecedores, enquanto que uma maior disponibilidade de recursos tangíveis exerce uma pressão maior no sentido da verticalização da produção de suprimentos. E a segunda, relacionando a imprevisibilidade e a relevância dos problemas no suprimento de matéria prima. Quanto maior a imprevisibilidade ou velocidade de ocorrência e relevância de um problema no fluxo de suprimentos maior será a tendência de reação no sentido da verticalização da produção e vice-versa. / What are the causes and conditions that lead to the existence of different vertical co-ordination (VC) structures within the same industry? This study aims to identify, characterize and analyze the varying forms of VC found in eleven firms that comprise the peach conserve industry in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). In order to establish its analysis model, the present research, which may be characterized as a multi-case study, was based on two theoretical concepts on economics: the Transactional Costs Economics, and the Resources Based View. The results obtained reveal that the most relevant factors that influence the choice of VC structure among these firms and their suppliers are transactional and resources. High levels of uncertainty and opportunism (transaction factors) lead firms to adopt more hierarchical VC structures (own production). Studying the VC structures evolutive dynamics, it was allowed to relate them to the characteristics of Resources and Transactional Costs. The former one has related the VC model adopted by the firm to the different kinds of available resources (tangible or intangible); and the latter one, to the unforeseeability and relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties. Bigger intangible resources availability is shown to have a strong impact on the adoption of more integrated VC structures; whereas greater capital availability moves firms towards a more hierarchical VC of supplies production. Second, the bigger the unforeseeability and the relevance of raw material supply flow difficulties, accordingly bigger will be the reaction tendency to a production verticalization, and vice-versa.

The increase of new and ever more stringent emission legislation has brought about with it a surge in the demand for more sustainable automotive solutions. This has particularly been the case for automobiles, including heavy-duty vehicles like trucks and buses, with internal combustion engines, which now require the design and manufacturing of more durable and reliable components. An important component of internal combustion engine automobiles, which helps achieve this target, is the exhaust after-treatment system. Exhaust after-treatment systems are usually equipped with some type of catalytic converter, treating the combustion gases from the engine exhaust manifold to reduce the concentration of pollutants. The catalytic converter assembly usually consists of an assembly of an outer metallic canning, an inner substrate and a packaging mat in between the two. The packaging mat, commonly known as the support mat, is an important component in the assembly, protecting the ceramic substrate from road induced and thermal loads, thereby preventing any damage to the latter. This thesis involves further development of a finite element model for the support mat that could be used in catalytic converter simulations with a reasonable degree of accuracy and reliability. In line with this objective, the characteristic mechanical response of the mat is first studied through a series of material tests: namely compression, friction, and shear tests. Different non-linear material models like hyperfoam, hyperelastic and viscoelastic models, are then created in ABAQUS to simulate the mat behaviour in the tests. The material model correlating most closely with the test is then implemented in the simulation of the assembly process, canning of a catalytic converter. This report includes the material tests conducted on the mats in new and aged condition, findings of the characteristic response of the mats in these tests as well as the constitutive material modelling and finite element simulations carried out for correlation with test data from the new mats. The most appropriate material model was also implemented in a canning assembly simulation to evaluate the efficacy of the material model in predicting the mat pressure, gap bulk density, and push-in force.

My work uses plant material and soil as a record of personal, cultural, and ecological history. History is not only held in the buildings and monuments, but in the soil itself. I gather this soil and foliage from both cultivated and uncultivated locations for my artwork. Using traditional domestic techniques of drying and canning, I preserve the materials that I have gathered. These will then be sewn together, cooked, and encrusted into objects. Despite my labor of preserving, these organic art supplies are transient. When made into works of art, they can be viewed in their vulnerable state, fighting against time, as they decay. .

One of the most defining moments in the histories of British satire and the public sphere took place in the late 1790s in an abandoned house in Piccadilly. Here George Canning and several fellow conservatives began writing and circulating their weekly newspaper the Anti-Jacobin. Although the periodical has been critically neglected, it is a valuable model for exploring how literary (partisan) politicians attempted to form a rational and critical public sphere through their satiric poetry. Founded by George Canning and edited by William Gifford, the Anti-Jacobin seems to reflect a reactionary conservative's ideology and has been summarily dismissed because of this one-sided nature. In this essay, I suggest a more nuanced reading of both Canning's biography and his Anti-Jacobin poetry that will give a fuller and more accurate version of Canning, one that illustrates a moderate reformer who is concerned with centralizing the extremism of the 1790s.

This study is a replication of Canning's 1955 survey of family life in Provo, Utah. The original sample consisted of 239 couples who were married and currently living there. The replication was a 1983 mail survey that used many of Canning's original questions and included a sample of 255 Provo families. This study measured changes in several courtship and family variables using the companionship family as an ideal type. Findings included increases in the emphasis on the role of romantic love in mate selection, handsomeness as an attractive quality that women seek in a spouse, family members seeking recreation outside the home, and wives in the labor force. There was no change in the incidence of chaperonage. Results also indicated decreases in religiousness as an attractive qualtiy that women seek in a spouse, and the incidence of couples asking the girl's father's permission to marry.

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