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The impact of job evaluation in a large local authorityJoffe, Barry January 1989 (has links)
Bibliography: pages 296-303. / This dissertation involves a case study in the application of job evaluation in the City Council of Cape Town. The purpose was to gain insight into the dynamics of the process in a local government environment from the point of view of principal actors - political office bearers, senior officials, trade unions, compensation specialists and employees at large. The methodology was that of "participant-as-observer" and "complete participant". Complementing this was extensive use of primary documentation. A survey using a structured questionnaire was administered to other major local authorities to identify job evaluation usage. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of job evaluation, its principles and practice and the different methods employed. The historical and contemporary usage of job evaluation both abroad and in South Africa is covered in the following chapter. The most prevalent systems are described including the Five Factor System applied in the City Council. Methodological issues are aired in the following chapter whilst Chapter 4 provides context to the study through an analysis of the structure and function of the constituent organisational parts and a review of policies and practices relevant to the personnel/remuneration process. In Chapter 5 the background to formal job evaluation in the organisation is traced by focusing on the salary and wage negotiating process 'leading in' to the decision to introduce formal job evaluation. A review of an earlier evaluation of senior management posts using the Hay method is also presented. Chapter 6 provides an overview of the principles and practice of Council's job evaluation programme, primarily from the perspective of the compensation specialists. It describes the rationale for the choice of procedures and provides further insight into the method adopted. Each phase is considered in the light of accepted practice. Chapters 7, 8 and 9 are focal points in the study and deal with senior management response, union perspectives and employee reaction to the plan. The analysis oscillates between micro and macro issues, examining the interplay of system content, procedures and differing value orientations. Perspectives of senior management are critically examined and assessed where possible against objective evidence. Discussion of the issues brought forward by management is pursued in order to place these within a framework of principle and practice. The contrasting roles of the two trade unions provide the central focus in Chapter 8. One adopted a participative approach aimed at monetary benefit; the other showed a preference for negotiation based on results of the job evaluation, emphasising factors not included in the formal system. Chapter 9 examines employee grievances as an indicator of employee acceptance applying equity theory. Grievance factors are analysed and mini case studies of responses to perceived inequity are illustrated. In the concluding chapter some specific recommendations for improvement to the system and its application are made as well as conclusions applicable to job evaluation in general. The overall conclusion reached is that deficiencies in systemic, procedural and value dimensions led to partial attainment of objectives - this attributable to an absence of commitment. The absence of organisational consensus created tension in the equilibrium of the organisation. With the new structure installed, secondary benefits of a more conscious corporate approach are being manifested through system maintenance.
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Cloning in the news : an analysis of how the science and ethics of cloning are reported in three daily newspapers of Cape TownVan der Linden, Cornelis Albert 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Cloning is a topic that has long fascinated people. It has imbedded
itself into popular culture, but studies show that the general public has, at best, only a
vague understanding of what cloning entails. Alternatively, their perception has been
skewed by that very same popular culture. However, cloning is a complex scientific
subject that has considerable ethical implications. It is the kind of topic that people in
a deliberate democracy should know about. The media play an important role in the
education of the public with regards to science and technology. However, the media
have the potential to do more than provide the basic facts. In fact, the media can play
an important role in influencing the actions and opinions of the public. It is therefore a
responsibility of the media to provide accurate information on scientific
developments, such as cloning.
Objective: An analysis of three daily newspapers in the Western Cape was carried
out to determine how cloning is reported. The broad topics addressed were whether
the coverage focused on the ethical or scientific aspects of cloning, if the subject was
reported in a positive or negative tone, and whether the science of cloning was
adequately explained.
Methodology: A quantitative content analysis was completed of a sample of 69
articles. These articles were all those relating to cloning that appeared in three daily
newspapers (Cape Argus, Cape Times and Die Burger) over a period of one year
from 10 November 2002 to 10 November 2003.
Findings: Of all the articles analysed 34% focused on the scientific aspects, 21%
focused on the ethical aspects, 6% focused on both ethics and science, while 39%
focused on neither. Fifty two percent of articles dealing specifically with animal
cloning focused on the science, while only 4% focused on the ethics. However, in
articles dealing specifically with human cloning, more (30%) emphasised ethical
aspects than scientific aspects (20%). With regards to tone of coverage, 32% of all
the articles analysed were positive, 28% negative, and 40% neutral. Sixty percent of
articles dealing specifically with animal cloning featured a positive tone, while only
13% of articles exclusively about human cloning had a positive tone. This 13% was
comprised of articles on therapeutic rather than reproductive cloning. In terms of
explaining the science associated with cloning, only 30% of articles provided an explicit explanation. Potential threats to the accuracy of explaining science were
found to exist.
Conclusions: While the overall findings were somewhat indistinct it seemed that
when the media of the Western Cape reported on the cloning of animals it was done
with a positive tone and emphasised the scientific aspects. Reporting on human
cloning tended to feature a negative tone and emphasised the ethical aspects. The
large number of ‘neutral’ results for both the ‘tone’ and 'science or ethics’ variables
could indicate that the media were wishing to remain neutral. However, the large
number of neutral articles relating to the ‘science or ethics’ variable could have a
negative impact on public understanding. The small number of articles explaining
cloning and an emphasis on ‘breakthrough’ news stories could also have a negative
impact on public understanding. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Kloning is ‘n onderwerp wat die mensdom lank interesseer. Maar selfs
al vorm kloning ‘n deel van ons populere kultuur, wys navorsing dat die groot publiek
maar vaagweg verstaan wat die onderwerp behels. Dit is ook moontlik dat hul
persepsie negatief bemvloed is deur dieselfde populere kultuur. Maar kloning is ‘n
komplekse wetenskaplike onderwerp met aansienlike etiese gevolgtrekkings. Dit is ‘n
onderwerp waarvan mense in ‘n demokratiese samelewing moet weet. Die media
speel ‘n belangrike rol in die groot publiek se opleiding in wetenskap. Maar die media
het die potensiaal om meer te doen as net die basiese feite deur te gee. Die media
het die potensiaal om die gedrag en menings van die publiek te beTnvloed. Daarom is
dit die verantwoordelikheid van die media om akkurate inligting oor wetenskaplike
ontwikkelings, soos kloning, te voorsien.
Dolewit: Drie daaglikse koerante in die Weskaap is geanaliseer om te bepaal hoe
kloning gedek word. Daar is bepaal of die artikels op die etiese of wetenskaplike
aspekte van kloning fokus, of die onderwerp in ‘n positiewe of negatiewe toon gedek
is, en of die wetenskaplike aspekte doeltreffend verduidelik is.
Metode: ‘n Kwantitatiewe inhoudsanalise van 69 artikels is voltooi. Die
geanaliseerde artikels is al die oor kloning wat in drie daaglikse koerante (Cape
Argus, Cape Times en Die Burger) tussen 10 November 2002 en 10 November 2003
verskyn het.
Bevindinge: Van die artikels het 34% net op die wetenskaplike aspekte van kloning
gefokus, 21% net op die etiese aspekte, en 6% op beide etiek en wetenskap. Geen
van die twee aspekte is in 39% van artikels beklemtoon nie. Van die artikels wat
spesifiek oor dierkloning geskryf is, het 52% op die wetenskaplike aspekte gefokus.
Net 4% het op die etiese aspekte gefokus. In die geval van artikels oor die kloning
van mense, het meer (30%) die etiese aspekte as die wetenskaplike aspekte (20%)
beklemtoon. Met betrekking tot die toon, was 32% van al die artikels positief, 28%
negatief, en 40% neutraal. In die geval van artikels uitsluitlik oor dierkloning het 60%
‘n positiewe toon gedui, terwyl net 13% van artikels oor menslike kloning in ‘n
positiewe toon geskryf was. Die 13% het bestaan uit artikels oor terapeutiese
kloning. Geen artikels oor reproduktiewe kloning was met ‘n positiewe toon geskryf
nie. Net 30% van artikels het ‘n uitdruklike verduideliking van die geassosieerde
wetenskap gegee. Daar is moontlike bedreigings tot die akkuraatheid van
wetenskaplike verduidelikings gevind.
Gevolgtrekkings: Die algemene bevindinge is ietwat onduidelik maar dit blyk dat die
daaglikse koerante van die Weskaap ‘n positiewe toon in hul dekking van dierkloning
gebruik het. Die wetenskaplike aspekte van dierkloning was in die artikels
beklemtoon. Berigte oor menskloning was in ‘n negatiewe toon geskryf en het die
etiese aspekte daarvan beklemtoon. Die groot hoeveelheid ‘neutraal’ resultate vir die
‘toon’ en ‘wetenskap of etiek’ veranderlikes dui moontlik dat die media probeer het
om neutraal te bly in hul dekking. Die groot hoeveelheid ‘neutraal’ artikels vir die
‘wetenskap of etiek’ veranderlike kan dalk ‘n negatiewe invloed op publieke begrip
van kloning he. Die klein hoeveelheid artikels wat kloning verduidelik, en ‘n klem op
‘deurbraak’ nuusstories kan ook dalk ‘n negatiewe invloed op publieke begrip he.
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Competing water user sectors under a transformed South African water law: the role of local government, with a case study on the City of Cape Town MunicipalityMohamed, Shehaamah January 2003 (has links)
This thesis attempted to examine the enabling conditions of existing South African water law and its implementation by the appropriate authorities. The Cape Town Municipality's management over water supply and services is included in this study. The research attempted to expose any shortcomings that might be prevalent in the new water law. The water allocation mechanism of the transformed water legislation and the water demands within various competing water user sectors of the community, such as those pertaining to agriculture and industry, was also explored.
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Competing water user sectors under a transformed South African water law: the role of local government, with a case study on the City of Cape Town MunicipalityMohamed, Shehaamah January 2003 (has links)
This thesis attempted to examine the enabling conditions of existing South African water law and its implementation by the appropriate authorities. The Cape Town Municipality's management over water supply and services is included in this study. The research attempted to expose any shortcomings that might be prevalent in the new water law. The water allocation mechanism of the transformed water legislation and the water demands within various competing water user sectors of the community, such as those pertaining to agriculture and industry, was also explored.
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The role of eye contact in promoting effective learning in natural science in the secondary schoolVolmink, Leonora Patricia 11 1900 (has links)
The study explores the role of eye contact in promoting effective learning in natural science in the secondary school using eye-tracking technology. A theoretical framework constituting the theories of Vygotsky, Piaget and Bandura inform the study. In the empirical inquiry in this study a purposefully selected group of eleven Grade 9-learners of mixed ability were eye-tracked by means of the Tobii 60 X-2 eye-tracker during individual viewings of a video-recording of a natural science lesson taught by the educator using a PowerPoint presentation. The Tobii 60 X-2 eyetracker establishes how a learner pays attention to information presented through educator narration, visuals and texts during teaching and learning. The findings indicate that, as the learners’ areas of interest, their highest total fixation duration was firstly on the PowerPoint presentation, and secondly on the educator. Under-performing natural science learners showed shorter and less dense fixation in both areas of interest. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)
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Politieke en administratiewe strukturele desentralisasieverskynsels in plaaslike owerhede in die Kaapse Metropool sedert demokrasie : 'n vergelykende perspektiefBurger, Helena Louisa 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since democracy, South Africa underwent significant changes and an encompassing
integration and re-design of the state and society took place structurally, functionally
and value-wise. The type of reform is accompanied with decentralisation or
centralisation of powers and functions. Decentralisation is utilized by governments to
achieve certain goals, and arguments that are normally raised in favour of
decentralisation relate to efficiency of administration, democratisation, social and
economic development, freedom and nation-building.
The study investigates only political and bureaucratic/administrative structural
decentralisation phenomena that appeared in local authorities in the Cape Metropole
since democracy. A comparative perspective is given on phenomena that appeared in
the City of Tygerberg and the City of Cape Town and the decentralisation phenomena
are evaluated in terms of criteria for successful decentralisation.
To be able to give the decentralisation comparative perspective, the study followed a
variety of approaches. Firstly, the nature and extent of decentralisation is investigated.
Secondly, decentralisation under the democratic state in the different spheres of
government is investigated. Thirdly, South African policy which guides decentralisation
initiatives on local government level is investigated. Fourthly, the study focusses on the
two local government organisations the City of Tygerberg and the City of Cape Town to
investigate which political and bureaucratic/administrative structural decentralisation
phenomena appeared, and to which degree the phenomena complied with the values
and requirements for successful decentralisation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert demokrasie het Suid-Afrika aansienlike hervormings ondergaan en het daar 'n
omvattende integrasie en herontwerp van die staat en samelewing struktureel,
funksioneel en waardegewys plaasgevind. Die tipe hervorming gaan gepaard met
desentralisasie of sentralisasie van magte en funksies. Desentralisasie word deur
regerings aangewend om sekere doelwitte te bereik en argumente wat normaalweg ten
gunste van desentralisasie gevoer word, hou verband met doeltreffendheid van
administrasie, demokratisering, sosiale en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, vryheid en
nasiebou.
Die studie ondersoek slegs politieke en burokratiese/administratiewe strukturele
desentralisasie verskynsels wat in plaaslike owerhede in die Kaapse Metropool sedert
demokrasie voorgekom het. 'n Vergelykende perspektief word gegee van
desentralisasie verskynsels wat in die Stad Tygerberg en die Stad Kaapstad voorgekom
het en die desentralisasie verskynsels word geëvalueer aan die hand van kriteria vir
suksesvolle desentralisasie.
Om die desentralisasie vergelykende perspektief te kon gee, volg die studie verskillende
benaderinge. Eerstens word die aard en omvang van desentralisasie ondersoek.
Tweedens word desentralisasie onder die demokratiese staat in die verskillende vlakke
van regering ondersoek. Derdens word Suid-Afrikaanse beleid bestudeer wat
desentralisasie-inisiatiewe rig op plaaslike regeringsvlak. Vierdens word op die twee
plaaslike owerheidsorganisasies Stad Tygerberg en Stad Kaapstad gefokus om te
ondersoek watter politieke en burokratiese/administratiewe strukturele
desentralisasie verskynsels voorgekom het en in watter mate die verskynsels aan die
waardes en vereistes wat vir suksesvolle desentralisasie gestel word, voldoen.
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The role of eye contact in promoting effective learning in natural science in the secondary schoolVolmink, Leonora Patricia 11 1900 (has links)
The study explores the role of eye contact in promoting effective learning in natural science in the secondary school using eye-tracking technology. A theoretical framework constituting the theories of Vygotsky, Piaget and Bandura inform the study. In the empirical inquiry in this study a purposefully selected group of eleven Grade 9-learners of mixed ability were eye-tracked by means of the Tobii 60 X-2 eye-tracker during individual viewings of a video-recording of a natural science lesson taught by the educator using a PowerPoint presentation. The Tobii 60 X-2 eyetracker establishes how a learner pays attention to information presented through educator narration, visuals and texts during teaching and learning. The findings indicate that, as the learners’ areas of interest, their highest total fixation duration was firstly on the PowerPoint presentation, and secondly on the educator. Under-performing natural science learners showed shorter and less dense fixation in both areas of interest. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)
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An evaluation of municipal service delivery against the background of local government transformation : case study : Phumlani settlementSmith, Trevor January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2005 / One of the many challenges facing local government is to deliver an equitable service to
the citizens of South Africa. Local government, like many other government institutions,
has limited financial 'and human resources capacity to attend to these challenges. It is,
therefore, important that local government strive within these constraints, to provide
equitable services'to its people in terms of housing, water, electricity and sanitation.
The purpose of the research is to evaluate the standard of municipal services delivered to
the Phumlani settlement.
The research survey included techniques such as a structured, self-administered interviews
and observations. The target research population were a sample of households located in
this settlement. The structured interview was designed to assess the achievement of the
norms and standards as stipulated in the National Housing Code as promulgated in the
Housing Act, 1997 (Act 107 of 1997) in respect of permanent residential structures for
low-cost housing.
The significance of the research is the evaluation of the service delivery as perceived by
the previous Phumlani infonmal community. This research lists the existing shortcomings in
the standard of service delivery to the Phumlani settlement evaluated in terms of the norms
and standards as stipulated in the above National Housing Code.
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Competing water user sectors under a transformed South African water law: the role of local government, with a case study on the City of Cape Town MunicipalityMohamed, Shehaamah January 2003 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / This thesis attempted to examine the enabling conditions of existing South African water law and its implementation by the appropriate authorities. The Cape Town Municipality's management over water supply and services is included in this study. The research attempted to expose any shortcomings that might be prevalent in the new water law. The water allocation mechanism of the transformed water legislation and the water demands within various competing water user sectors of the community, such as those pertaining to agriculture and industry, was also explored. / South Africa
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The challenges of teaching at-risk learners at a secondary school in Cape TownOyewo, Saheed Adekunle 01 1900 (has links)
The study focused on the challenges of teaching at-risk learners at secondary schools. A qualitative investigation based on interviewing and observation was conducted with sixteen teachers teaching at-risk learners. Findings revealed that pre-service teacher training does not prepare teachers adequately to teach learners at risk constructively. Findings also revealed that at-risk learners have no control over themselves due to lack of parental support as parents show no commitment and support for their children’s education. Interventions to counter challenges with teaching at-risk learners relate to applicable preservice teacher training to engage with at-risk learners constructively and continuous in-service teacher training as professional development to empower teachers to engage with at-risk learners appropriately. At-risk learners must value second-chance education opportunities with schools ensuring that a supportive school culture prevails.
The study contributes to the discourse on effective teaching practices to support at-risk learners for acceptable academic attainment. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Education Management)
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