Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_cara_me_botib.pdf: 2559821 bytes, checksum: 9a5f59b9b1dfb5054dc83b4035910688 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A ansiedade é uma das mais freqüentes desordens psiquiátricas cuja etiologia parece depender de uma interação entre predisposição e fatores ambientais. No Brasil, os transtornos ansiosos encontram-se entre os mais prevalentes diagnósticos psiquiátricos, sendo as mulheres afetadas cerca de duas vezes mais que os homens. A terapêutica disponível é baseada, principalmente, na manipulação dos sistemas de neurotransmissão gabaérgico, com a utilização de agonistas de receptores benzodiazepínicos. Estas drogas apresentam efeitos colaterais importantes e não são capazes de controlar os quadros ansiosos em cerca de 25% dos pacientes. Outras drogas mais recentemente introduzidas na terapêutica, como a buspirona, que atuam sobre o sistema serotonérgico, apresentam latência de cerca de duas semanas para o início dos efeitos ansiolíticos, e falham no controle dos sintomas de ansiedade em uma parcela importante dos pacientes. Deste modo, justificam-se os esforços no sentido de se encontrar novas substâncias com potencial atividade ansiolítica. Neste contexto surgem as plantas medicinais. A espécie Cymbopogon citratus apresenta grande potencial, pois é utilizada na medicina popular como calmante, sedativa e ansiolítica. No entanto, apesar do intenso uso desta planta para fins medicinais, são praticamente inexistentes as pesquisas farmacológicas a respeito. Uma ampla investigação acerca da presença da atividade ansiolítica em novas substâncias envolve a utilização de modelos experimentais, dentre eles o procedimento da Caixa Claro/Escuro e o Teste de Esconder Esferas. Resultados sugestivos da presença de atividade ansiolítica foram obtidos em camundongos tratados com o óleo essencial (OE) de C. citratus no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e na Caixa Claro/Escuro. No presente trabalho o OE demonstrou ser ativo no Teste de Esconder Esferas em animais machos tratados com a... / Anxiety is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders which etiology seems to depend on an interaction between predisposition and environmental factors. In Brazil, anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses being the affected women about twice more than men. The available therapeutics are set mainly in the manipulation of the gabaergic systems neurotransmission with the benzodiazepine/GABAA agonists receptor complex usage. These drugs present important collateral effects and they are not capable to control the anxiety disorders in about 25% of the patients. Other drugs more recently introduced in the therapeutics as the buspirone that acts on the serotonergic system present latency in about two weeks for the beginning of the anxiolytic-like effects and they fail in the control of the anxiety symptoms in an important portion of the patients. This way the efforts to find out in new substances with potential anxiolytic activity are justified. It is in this context that the medicinal plants appear which the Cymbopogon citratus species presents great potential, because it is used in the popular medicine as sedative and anxiolytic. However, despite the intense use of this plant for medicinal ends, there are nonexistent the pharmacological researches about it. A wide investigation concerning the anxiolytic activity presence in new substances involves the appropriate experimental models usage among then the Light/Dark Box Test and the Marble-burying Test. The suggestive results of anxiolytic activity presence were obtained in treated mice with the essential oil (EO) of C. citratus in the Elevated Plus-Maze and in Light/Dark Box Test. In the present work OE demonstrated to be active in the Marble-burying Test in treated male animals with the dose of 500 mg/Kg and in the females in the estrous phase in the dose of 1000 mg/Kg. There was an increase in the duration... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Mirtes Costa / Resumo: A ansiedade é uma das mais freqüentes desordens psiquiátricas cuja etiologia parece depender de uma interação entre predisposição e fatores ambientais. No Brasil, os transtornos ansiosos encontram-se entre os mais prevalentes diagnósticos psiquiátricos, sendo as mulheres afetadas cerca de duas vezes mais que os homens. A terapêutica disponível é baseada, principalmente, na manipulação dos sistemas de neurotransmissão gabaérgico, com a utilização de agonistas de receptores benzodiazepínicos. Estas drogas apresentam efeitos colaterais importantes e não são capazes de controlar os quadros ansiosos em cerca de 25% dos pacientes. Outras drogas mais recentemente introduzidas na terapêutica, como a buspirona, que atuam sobre o sistema serotonérgico, apresentam latência de cerca de duas semanas para o início dos efeitos ansiolíticos, e falham no controle dos sintomas de ansiedade em uma parcela importante dos pacientes. Deste modo, justificam-se os esforços no sentido de se encontrar novas substâncias com potencial atividade ansiolítica. Neste contexto surgem as plantas medicinais. A espécie Cymbopogon citratus apresenta grande potencial, pois é utilizada na medicina popular como calmante, sedativa e ansiolítica. No entanto, apesar do intenso uso desta planta para fins medicinais, são praticamente inexistentes as pesquisas farmacológicas a respeito. Uma ampla investigação acerca da presença da atividade ansiolítica em novas substâncias envolve a utilização de modelos experimentais, dentre eles o procedimento da Caixa Claro/Escuro e o Teste de Esconder Esferas. Resultados sugestivos da presença de atividade ansiolítica foram obtidos em camundongos tratados com o óleo essencial (OE) de C. citratus no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e na Caixa Claro/Escuro. No presente trabalho o OE demonstrou ser ativo no Teste de Esconder Esferas em animais machos tratados com a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Anxiety is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders which etiology seems to depend on an interaction between predisposition and environmental factors. In Brazil, anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses being the affected women about twice more than men. The available therapeutics are set mainly in the manipulation of the gabaergic systems neurotransmission with the benzodiazepine/GABAA agonists receptor complex usage. These drugs present important collateral effects and they are not capable to control the anxiety disorders in about 25% of the patients. Other drugs more recently introduced in the therapeutics as the buspirone that acts on the serotonergic system present latency in about two weeks for the beginning of the anxiolytic-like effects and they fail in the control of the anxiety symptoms in an important portion of the patients. This way the efforts to find out in new substances with potential anxiolytic activity are justified. It is in this context that the medicinal plants appear which the Cymbopogon citratus species presents great potential, because it is used in the popular medicine as sedative and anxiolytic. However, despite the intense use of this plant for medicinal ends, there are nonexistent the pharmacological researches about it. A wide investigation concerning the anxiolytic activity presence in new substances involves the appropriate experimental models usage among then the Light/Dark Box Test and the Marble-burying Test. The suggestive results of anxiolytic activity presence were obtained in treated mice with the essential oil (EO) of C. citratus in the Elevated Plus-Maze and in Light/Dark Box Test. In the present work OE demonstrated to be active in the Marble-burying Test in treated male animals with the dose of 500 mg/Kg and in the females in the estrous phase in the dose of 1000 mg/Kg. There was an increase in the duration... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bidinotto_lt_me_botfm.pdf: 438545 bytes, checksum: 16013851a4d54716162eb93906126f59 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF) has been described as a potential chemopreventive agent. Thus, the present study objectives were evaluate the protective effects of oral treatment with lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) on carcinogenesis initiation phase with N-methyl-N-nitrosurea (MNU) and post-initiation carcinogenesis phase in multipleorgans model, through 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)antracene (DMBA), 1,2-dimethylhidrazine (DMH), and N-buthyl-N-(4-hidroxibuthyl)nitrosamine (BBN) administrations in Balb/C female mice. The animals were distributed into 2 experimental protocols. Experiment 1: the animals were allocated into 3 experimental groups: G1A group (negative control), G2A group (treated with LGEO 500 mg/kg b.wt., i.g., during 5 weeks and, at the end of the 3rd and 5th weeks, received one 30 mg/kg MNU i.p. application) and G3A group (treated with the LGEO vehicle, and MNU at the end of the 3rd and 5th weeks). After 4 hours of each MNU application, blood samples were collected to perform the comet assay, and, at the end of the 5th week, all animals were euthanatized and the urinary bladder, mammary glands and colon were collected for histological analysis, apoptosis and cellular proliferation counting. Experiment 2: the animals were allocated into 3 experimental groups: G1B group (positive control, DDB-treated animals), initiated with DMBA (5x1 mg i.g. applications), DMH (4x30 mg/kg s.c. applications) and BBN (8x7.5 mg/kg i.g. applications) and treated with the LGEO vehicle, and G2B and G3B groups, similarly DDB-treated, and treated with 125 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg LGEO respectively (5x/week during 6 weeks). At the end of the experimental period, all animals were euthanatized and urinary bladder, mammary glands and colon were collected for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions analysis. The LGEO treatment reduced DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes as well as mammary gland cellular proliferation index.

Orientador: Luis Fernando Barbisan / Banca: Thomas Prates Ong / Banca: Daniel Araki Ribeiro / Resumo: Não Disponível. / Abstract: Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF) has been described as a potential chemopreventive agent. Thus, the present study objectives were evaluate the protective effects of oral treatment with lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) on carcinogenesis initiation phase with N-methyl-N-nitrosurea (MNU) and post-initiation carcinogenesis phase in multipleorgans model, through 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)antracene (DMBA), 1,2-dimethylhidrazine (DMH), and N-buthyl-N-(4-hidroxibuthyl)nitrosamine (BBN) administrations in Balb/C female mice. The animals were distributed into 2 experimental protocols. Experiment 1: the animals were allocated into 3 experimental groups: G1A group (negative control), G2A group (treated with LGEO 500 mg/kg b.wt., i.g., during 5 weeks and, at the end of the 3rd and 5th weeks, received one 30 mg/kg MNU i.p. application) and G3A group (treated with the LGEO vehicle, and MNU at the end of the 3rd and 5th weeks). After 4 hours of each MNU application, blood samples were collected to perform the comet assay, and, at the end of the 5th week, all animals were euthanatized and the urinary bladder, mammary glands and colon were collected for histological analysis, apoptosis and cellular proliferation counting. Experiment 2: the animals were allocated into 3 experimental groups: G1B group (positive control, DDB-treated animals), initiated with DMBA (5x1 mg i.g. applications), DMH (4x30 mg/kg s.c. applications) and BBN (8x7.5 mg/kg i.g. applications) and treated with the LGEO vehicle, and G2B and G3B groups, similarly DDB-treated, and treated with 125 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg LGEO respectively (5x/week during 6 weeks). At the end of the experimental period, all animals were euthanatized and urinary bladder, mammary glands and colon were collected for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions analysis. The LGEO treatment reduced DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes as well as mammary gland cellular proliferation index. / Mestre

Orientador: Maria Regina Wolf Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T12:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PlazasTovar_Laura_M.pdf: 2904823 bytes, checksum: 86e8f7bc0c7bdb26716054435f4ce59e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Os óleos essenciais são extratos concentrados de plantas aromáticas constituídos por substâncias orgânicas voláteis, formando uma mistura complexa de hidrocarbonetos terpênicos e derivados oxigenados, havendo sempre a predominância de um ou dois deles, constituindo o(s) principal(is) componente(s) bioquímico(s) de ação terapêutica e responsáveis pelas características organolépticas. O óleo essencial de Capim-Limão, conhecido internacionalmente como óleo essencial ¿lemongrass¿ e de nome científico ¿Cymbopongo Citratus¿ é um dos mais importantes óleos essenciais em nível comercial e é caracterizado pelo alto conteúdo de Citral. O presente trabalho apresenta a utilização do processo de Destilação Molecular para concentrar o Citral o qual constitui um material bioativo oriundo do Capim-Limão, uma vez que a Destilação Molecular possibilita a obtenção e purificação de materiais instáveis termicamente. Objetivou-se analisar a influência das variáveis do processo de Destilação Molecular (temperatura do evaporador (TEV) e vazão de alimentação (Q)), sobre a variável Concentração de Citral nas correntes do processo (destilado e resíduo). Foram realizados Planejamentos de Experimentos Fatoriais, partindo de um planejamento 22 em replicada, numa faixa de temperatura 60 °C - 80 °C, estendido a um planejamento 22 com repetições no ponto central, numa faixa de temperatura 60 °C - 120 °C. A Concentração de Citral foi analisada por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). Torna-se, também, de suma importância a comprovação da qualidade dos materiais extraídos. Para isso, caracterizações físico-químicas (ácidos graxos livres, densidade e características cromáticas por meio do sistema CIELAB 1976) foram desenvolvidas. Baseando-se no efeito de cada variável estudada sobre a variável dependente, tem-se o indicativo de que a temperatura do evaporador e a vazão de alimentação influenciam na Concentração de Citral. Com o aumento da temperatura do evaporador, a concentração de Citral no destilado aumenta até 2,048x103 mg Citral/g amostra, quando comparado com a amostra de óleo essencial inicial, que apresenta uma concentração de Citral de 9,908x102 mg Citral/g amostra. Através da avaliação físico-química, o óleo essencial obtido na corrente de destilado apresenta propriedades de qualidade aceitáveis pelo mercado comercial constituindo um insumo e/ou matéria-prima de origem natural e que apresenta benefícios ao homem, o que implica em melhora no produto final promovendo um diferencial competitivo / Abstract: Essential oils are concentrated extracts from aromatic plants containing volatile organic compounds, with the predominance of one or two of them, being the main biochemical(s) component(s) of therapeutic action and responsible for organoleptics characteristics. Cymbopogon Citratus (DC.), scientific name of a plant also known worldwide as lemongrass, is one of the most important essential oils in commercial level and it is characterized by high concentration of Citral. This work presents the use of Molecular Distillation process for concentrating Citral which is a bioactive compound that comes from lemongrass essential oil. The use of Molecular Distillation process allows to obtain and to purify materials thermally unstable. Accordingly, this work aimed to analyze the influence of Molecular Distillation Process variables (evaporator temperature (EVT), volumetric feed flow rate (Q)), on the Concentration of Citral in the Distillate and Residue streams of the process. Factorial design experiments were carried out, starting with a 22 design trials at experimental range from 60 °C to 80 °C for EVT and from 1.5 to 6.0 mL/min for Q, followed by 22 with central point design trials at experimental range from 60 °C to 120 °C for EVT and between 1.5 and 4.5 mL/min for Q. The concentration of Citral in the Distillate (CCD) was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is also important the assessment of the materials extracted, showing the high purity and quality of the stream process, because of this, analytical techniques and physicochemical characterizations by standards methods for oil and fat analyses (free fatty acids, density and specification of color by CIELAB color space-1976) were used. The effect of each variable studied on the dependent variable (CCD) is indicated by influence of EVT and Q. The increase of EVT increases CCD to 2.048x103 mg citral/g sample, when compared with the initial sample of essential oil, which presented a CCD of 9.908x102 mg citral/g sample. Through physicochemical assessment, the essential oil obtained in the distillate stream of Molecular Distillation process provides acceptable quality for commercial market; constitute an input and/or raw material of natural source and that gives benefits to mankind, which means in improvement in the final product promoting a competitive differential / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química