Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2009. / Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Sustainability, Environmental and Life Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-208)

The limited range of garrick/leervis Lichia amia, its popularity as a gamefish to all sectors of the marine recreational linefishery and the degradation of many estuaries which function as nurseries for this species, has aroused concern about the stock status of this species. In addition, other than a preliminary investigation conducted by ORI in 1992, relatively little research has been undertaken on this important recreational species. Considering the recreational value of L. amia and the need to provide a scientific basis for its management, a comprehensive stock assessment was required. This study therefore investigated the biology and stock status of L. amia off the South African coast. Through ad hoc biological sampling undertaken from 1978-2007 and validation of growth by means of OTC marking, the growth of the L. amia population was best described as: Lt=1206mmfl(1-e-20[t+1.10 years]). Growth was also determined using tag-recapture and length frequency data. The tag-recapture data was further utilized in illustrating the movement behaviour of L. amia. Trends in catches were determined from the analysis of catch and effort data from the National Marine Linefish System (NMLS) and Boat Launch Site Monitoring System (BLSMS) databases. This showed a decreasing trend in the CPUE of L. amia along the KZN coast over time for all sectors of the KZN marine recreational linefishery investigated. The growth parameter estimates from the length-at-age data were used in undertaking a per-recruit assessment of L. amia. The results of the spawner-biomass-per-recruit (SBPR) model indicate that L. amia is at 14% of its unfished level. According to the South Africa.s Linefish Management Protocol (LMP), the L. amia stock has thus collapsed and appropriate management options to rebuild the stock are discussed. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.

Three stocks of the Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus capensis, have been recognised in the ICSEAF convention region off southern Africa (Figure 1) on the basis of catch distribution and biological analyses. They were identified as being off Namibia (ICSEAF Divisions 1 . 3 and 1.4), off the West Coast of South Africa (Div. 1.6) and off the South Coast (Div. 2.1 and 2.2). Recently, speculation as to the accuracy of the classification of the South African populations has arisen. The aim of this study was to determine the number of stocks In Divisions 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2, using methodology which assessed the spatial and temporal nature and the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the species. The distribution of horse mackerel was evaluated by studying the trends in catch data and length frequency distributions obtained from the demersal industry during 1986 to 1988 and from the demersal biomass cruises in 1987 and 1988. Adult fish, found in Div. 2.1 and 2.2, probably migrated; during the months in which horse mackerel were expected to spawn, CPUE values were higher over the central Agulhas Bank than in the east of the study region. During the quiescent period, catches and numbers were higher in the latter region. Juvenile horse mackerel were found in the nursery areas utilised by pelagic fish and it is likely that they were transported northward from the Agulhas Bank. A decrease in biomass of individuals in Div. 1.5 indicated a separation between a northern and a southern population. Analyses of the phenotype, or epigenetic characters, of horse mackerel were used as a further test of stock integrity. Monthly samples were drawn from Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2 during May 1988 to June, 1989. Comparisons for the values obtained from growth, length-at-50%-maturity and the season of otolith ring formation from each region showed no significant variation in the phenotype. Morphometric analysis proved inconclusive. Monthly gonadosomatic indices show that fish south of the Orange River share the same spawning season. Reports from the literature show that horse mackerel in the latter region differ from those of northern Namibia in spawning season, age-at-50%-maturity and season of otolith ring formation. The genetic structure of the populations of horse mackerel was evaluated by means of a restriction enzyme analysis of the Mitochondrial DNA of 37 fish collected from Divisions 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2. Two composite genotypes of horse mackerel were found; one belonging to fish in Div. 1.4 and one to fish in Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2. The genetic distance between the two genotypes, 0.07, was the expected distance between two populations at a subspecies level. Fish in Div. 1.5 consisted of both genotypes and may be a region of mixing between the two populations. The interpretation of results was cautioned; prevlous work has shown that the migration of a small number of individuals between two stocks can be expected to maintain a low variation between the populations. In concluding, it was recommended that the horse mackerel be managed as two stocks, one in Div. 1.3 and 1.4 and one in Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo dos hábitos alimentares de três espécies de peixes da família Carangidae, da zona de surf da enseada de Caraguatatuba, São Paulo. Amostras de Selene setapinnis, Selene vomer e Oligoplites saliens foram obtidas com rede de arrasto de porta, mensalmente, entre maio de 2003 e outubro de 2004, em duas áreas previamente selecionadas na enseada, com profundidade variando entre 1 e 5 metros. Foram medidos e pesados 3022 exemplares, e 1367 estômagos foram retirados para a análise de conteúdo estomacal. A composição da dieta foi analisada por meio das frequências de ocorrência, numérica, gravimétrica, e volumétrica, e de índices alimentares. Todos os exemplares eram jovens e a sua dieta foi composta principalmente por Crustacea. Outros grandes grupos presentes foram Chaetognatha e Teleostei. Dentre os crustáceos, destacaramse as larvas de Decapoda, os misidáceos, os camarões Acetes americanus e os copépodes calanóides Labidocera fluviatilis e Acartia lilljeborgii. As variações intraespecíficas da dieta, bem como as relações interespecíficas, foram avaliadas através de análises de agrupamento. Foi observada uma tendência de aumento do tamanho da presa com o aumento do tamanho do peixe. Embora A. americanus tenha sido importante na dieta em todos os tamanhos, nas três espécies, houve maior destaque desse item nos peixes maiores, enquanto Lucifer faxoni e larvas de Decapoda foram mais importantes nos menores. Avaliando-se o comportamento alimentar, há indicações de que as três espécies tendem a ser generalistas e a explorar o hábitat de maneira semelhante. Em relação à variabilidade temporal, as espécies diferiram entre si: S. vomer, não apresentou diferença intra-anual significativa, ao contrário de S. setapinnis e O. saliens. / The purpose of this work was to study the food habits of three Carangidae juvenile fish species, from the surf zone in Caraguatatuba sound, São Paulo. Samples were taken monthly, with an otter trawl, from May 2003 to October 2004, in two areas previously selected in the bay, between 1 and 5 meters deep. Weight and length of 3002 specimens were taken, and 1367 stomach contents were examined. The diet composition was analyzed through frequencies of occurrence, number, weight and volume, and feeding indexes. The main food item was Crustacea, particularly Decapoda larvae, Mysidae, the shrimp Acetes americanus, and the calanoid copepods Labidocera fluviatilis and Acartia lilljeborgii. Chaetognatha and Teleostei were also present. Seasonal and ontogenetic variations of the diet and interspecific interactions were performed by similarity measures. Ontogenetic changes in diet were recognized; smaller fish consumed smaller prey, and the prey size increased with the body size. Though Acetes americanus were the main item of all sizes, it was more important in bigger fish, while Lucifer faxoni and Decapoda larvae were more important in smaller ones. Selene setapinnis and Oligoplites saliens showed temporal food variability, but Selene vomer did not. The three species were considered as generalists showed similarity in feeding habits.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo dos hábitos alimentares de três espécies de peixes da família Carangidae, da zona de surf da enseada de Caraguatatuba, São Paulo. Amostras de Selene setapinnis, Selene vomer e Oligoplites saliens foram obtidas com rede de arrasto de porta, mensalmente, entre maio de 2003 e outubro de 2004, em duas áreas previamente selecionadas na enseada, com profundidade variando entre 1 e 5 metros. Foram medidos e pesados 3022 exemplares, e 1367 estômagos foram retirados para a análise de conteúdo estomacal. A composição da dieta foi analisada por meio das frequências de ocorrência, numérica, gravimétrica, e volumétrica, e de índices alimentares. Todos os exemplares eram jovens e a sua dieta foi composta principalmente por Crustacea. Outros grandes grupos presentes foram Chaetognatha e Teleostei. Dentre os crustáceos, destacaramse as larvas de Decapoda, os misidáceos, os camarões Acetes americanus e os copépodes calanóides Labidocera fluviatilis e Acartia lilljeborgii. As variações intraespecíficas da dieta, bem como as relações interespecíficas, foram avaliadas através de análises de agrupamento. Foi observada uma tendência de aumento do tamanho da presa com o aumento do tamanho do peixe. Embora A. americanus tenha sido importante na dieta em todos os tamanhos, nas três espécies, houve maior destaque desse item nos peixes maiores, enquanto Lucifer faxoni e larvas de Decapoda foram mais importantes nos menores. Avaliando-se o comportamento alimentar, há indicações de que as três espécies tendem a ser generalistas e a explorar o hábitat de maneira semelhante. Em relação à variabilidade temporal, as espécies diferiram entre si: S. vomer, não apresentou diferença intra-anual significativa, ao contrário de S. setapinnis e O. saliens. / The purpose of this work was to study the food habits of three Carangidae juvenile fish species, from the surf zone in Caraguatatuba sound, São Paulo. Samples were taken monthly, with an otter trawl, from May 2003 to October 2004, in two areas previously selected in the bay, between 1 and 5 meters deep. Weight and length of 3002 specimens were taken, and 1367 stomach contents were examined. The diet composition was analyzed through frequencies of occurrence, number, weight and volume, and feeding indexes. The main food item was Crustacea, particularly Decapoda larvae, Mysidae, the shrimp Acetes americanus, and the calanoid copepods Labidocera fluviatilis and Acartia lilljeborgii. Chaetognatha and Teleostei were also present. Seasonal and ontogenetic variations of the diet and interspecific interactions were performed by similarity measures. Ontogenetic changes in diet were recognized; smaller fish consumed smaller prey, and the prey size increased with the body size. Though Acetes americanus were the main item of all sizes, it was more important in bigger fish, while Lucifer faxoni and Decapoda larvae were more important in smaller ones. Selene setapinnis and Oligoplites saliens showed temporal food variability, but Selene vomer did not. The three species were considered as generalists showed similarity in feeding habits.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:18:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridVA_autorizado_ate_cap2.pdf: 705641 bytes, checksum: d9f1741d729cff0e052cd2778eb5ad9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Cytogenetics analyses in fish are important because they compose a private group among the vertebrates, occupying a central position in the animal evolution. The Perciforms Order, dominant in the marine and freshwater environment, it constitutes a model potentially useful in the genetic evaluation of populations, as well as in the understanding of its evolutionary processes. In spite of this, cytogenetics studies in this great group is scarce, above all for the inhabitants of sandy bottom and pelagics habits. The present work proposed to contribute for the cytogenetic characterization of nine species of fish marine of sandy bottom of the coast of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), identifying the evolutionary patterns related to the karyotype in these species and the existence of filogenetics affinities between them and other Perciformes. The animals were collected in the beaches of the Redinha, Ponta Negra and B?zios (Coast of Rio Grande do Norte) and in Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. Later on they were submitted to the cytogenetics technical that consist of mitotic estimulation, obtaining of mitotics chromosomes, proceeded by techniques of conventional coloration (Giemsa) and chromosomic bands (Ag-RONs and C band). Diploid number and fundamental number equal to 48 were observed in most of the species: Menticirrhus americanus, Ophioscion punctatissimus, Pareques acuminatus (Sciaenidae); Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Carangidae); Echeneis sp. 2 (Echeneidae); Archosargus probatocephalus (Sparidae) and Orthopristis ruber (Haemulidae). Trachinotus goodei (NF=52) (Carangidae) and Echeneis sp. 1 (Echeneidae) (NF=54) presented variation in NF, staying constant a diploid number equal to 48. RONs was situated in pericentromeric position in whole the scianids, and in the species Echeneis sp. 2 (22? pair), O. ruber and A. probatocephalus (1? pair), coinciding with great heterocromatics blocks in M. americanus (1? pair), P. acuminatus (2? pairl) and O. ruber (1? pair). RONs was also located in the telomeric area of the short arm of the 5? and 11? acrocentrics pairs in T. goodei, 4? and 19? pairs of C. chrysurus, 1? pair (sm) of Echeneis sp. 1. The C band detected centromeric blocks in most of the chromosomes of the species of Sciaenidae, Carangidae and Echeneidae, with great blocks in A. probatocephalus (4? pair). Heterocromatic blocks in telomeric areas in submetacentrics of Echeneis sp. 1, and pericentromerics in M. americanus (1? and 8? pairs), O. punctatissimus (1? pair) and P. acuminatus (2? pair) were also observed. It is noticed a marked conservatism cromossomic in the species of the family Scianidae and Haemulidae in what says respect to the number of acrocentrics chromosomes and the location of RONs. Even so it is outstanding the presence of heterocromatinization events during the karyotypic evolution of this family. Already in the families Sparidae and Carangidae, the obtained results reaffirm examples of small variations structural resultants of inversion and translocation Robertsonian, as important mechanisms of diversification karyotipical, as well as a pattern numerical evolutionary conserved, also observed in representatives of Echeneidae of Atlantic in relation to Pacific. The presence of RONs multiple, observed in the species T. goodei and C. chrysurus seems to represent a character derived in the family Carangidae. The results for the species O. ruber and A. probatocephalus suggest the presence of possible geographical or climatic barriers among populations of NE of Brazil in relationship the one of the SE / An?lises citogen?ticas em peixes s?o importantes porque os mesmos comp?em um grupo particular entre os vertebrados, ocupando posi??o central na evolu??o animal. A Ordem Perciformes, dominante nos ambientes marinhos e dulc?colas, constitui um modelo potencialmente ?til na avalia??o gen?tica de popula??es, como tamb?m no entendimento de seus processos evolutivos. Apesar disto, ainda s?o escassos os estudos citogen?ticos neste grande grupo, sobretudo para os habitantes de fundo arenoso e h?bitos pel?gicos. O presente trabalho se prop?s a contribuir para a caracteriza??o citogen?tica de nove esp?cies de peixes marinhos litor?neos de fundo arenoso do litoral do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil), identificando os padr?es evolutivos relacionados ao cari?tipo nestas esp?cies e a exist?ncia de afinidades filogen?ticas entre elas e outros Perciformes. Os animais foram coletados nas praias da Redinha, Ponta Negra e B?zios (Litoral do Rio Grande do Norte) e no Arquip?lago de S?o Pedro e S?o Paulo. Posteriormente foram submetidos ?s t?cnicas citogen?ticas que consistem em estimula??o mit?tica, obten??o de cromossomos mit?ticos, seguida por t?cnicas de colora??o convencional (Giemsa) e bandamentos cromoss?micos (Ag-RONs e bandamento C). N?mero dipl?ide e n?mero fundamental iguais a 48 foram observados na maioria das esp?cies: Menticirrhus americanus, Ophioscion punctatissimus, Pareques acuminatus (Sciaenidae); Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Carangidae); Echeneis sp. 2 (Echeneidae); Archosargus probatocephalus (Sparidae) e Orthopristis ruber (Haemulidae). Trachinotus goodei (NF=52) (Carangidae) e Echeneis sp. 1 (Echeneidae) (NF=54) apresentaram uma varia??o no NF, mantendo-se constante um n?mero dipl?ide igual a 48. As RONs estavam situadas em posi??o pericentrom?rica em todas os scian?deos, e nas esp?cies Echeneis sp. 2 (22? par), O. ruber e A. probatocephalus (1? par), coincidindo com grandes blocos heterocrom?ticos em M. americanus (1? par), P. acuminatus (2? par) e O. ruber (1? par). As RONs tamb?m foram localizadas na regi?o telom?rica do bra?o curto do 5? e 11? pares acroc?ntricos em T. goodei, 4? e 19? pares de C. chrysurus, 1? par (sm) de Echeneis sp. 1. O bandamento C detectou blocos centrom?ricos na maioria dos cromossomos das esp?cies de Sciaenidae, Carangidae e Echeneidae, com grandes blocos em A. probatocephalus (4? par). Blocos heterocrom?ticos em regi?es telom?ricas em submetac?ntricos de Echeneis sp. 1, e pericentrom?ricas em M. americanus (1? e 8? pares), O. punctatissimus (1? par) e P. acuminatus (2? par) tamb?m foram observados. Nota-se um marcante conservadorismo cromoss?mico nas esp?cies da fam?lia Scianidae e Haemulidae no que diz respeito ao n?mero de cromossomos acroc?ntricos e a localiza??o das RONs. Por?m ? destacada a presen?a de eventos de heterocromatiniza??o durante a evolu??o cariot?pica desta fam?lia. J? nas fam?lias Sparidae e Carangidae, os resultados obtidos reafirmam exemplos de pequenas varia??es estruturais resultantes de invers?es e transloca??es Robertsonianas, como principais mecanismos de diversifica??o cariot?pica, bem como um padr?o evolutivo mais conservado numericamente, tamb?m observado em representantes de Echeneidae do Atl?ntico em rela??o ao Pac?fico. A presen?a de RONs m?ltiplas, observadas nas esp?cies T. goodei e C. chrysurus parecem representar um car?ter derivado na fam?lia Carangidae. Os resultados para as esp?cies O. ruber e A. probatocephalus sugerem a presen?a de poss?veis barreiras geogr?ficas ou clim?ticas entre suas popula??es no NE do Brasil, quando comparada com a regi?o SE

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T20:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O extenso litoral brasileiro ? multipartido em diferentes ecossistemas, compostos por estu?rios, manguezais, sistemas recifais, ilhas costeiras e oce?nicas. Estes ambientes possuem uma ictiofauna bastante diversificada composta por 1.297 esp?cies, das quais aproximadamente 25% representam esp?cies end?micas. Esses n?veis de biodiversidade podem ser incertos, devido a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies cr?pticas e polit?picas e pela aus?ncia de estudos populacionais, sobretudo em esp?cies recifais. Neste sentido, foram analisados aspectos populacionais, taxon?micos e filogen?ticos de esp?cies das fam?lias Pomacentridae (Perciformes) e Carangidae (Carangiformes), distribu?dos ao longo da costa e ilhas oce?nicas brasileiras. As an?lises moleculares e morfom?tricas realizadas em S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli e S. fuscus trindadensis indicaram sinon?mia entre S. rocasensis e S. sanctipauli, e entre S. fuscus e S. fuscus trindadensis. Al?m disso, revelaram a presen?a de uma poss?vel esp?cie cr?ptica que tem sido confundida com S. variabilis. As an?lises populacionais em Abudefduf saxatilis no Atl?ntico Ocidental, incluindo as ilhas oce?nicas, revelam um quadro de panmixia desde a Venezuela at? o sudeste do Brasil, enquanto que as popula??es insulares possuem diferentes n?veis de estrutura??o gen?tica, sobretudo a da Ilha de Trindade. As an?lises gen?ticas na esp?cie polit?pica Caranx lugubris indicaram uma grande popula??o panm?tica no Atl?ntico Ocidental, lan?ando novos dados sobre a origem dos morf?tipos que ocorrem no entorno do Arquip?lago de S?o Pedro e S?o Paulo. Os dados obtidos aprofundam o conhecimento da fauna ?ctica insular do Atl?ntico e servem de subs?dios para o manejo e conserva??o de esp?cies dessas importantes e particulares regi?es oce?nicas. / The extensive Brazilian coast is multi-party in different ecosystems, composed by estuaries, mangroves, reef systems, oceanic and coastal islands. These environments detain a largely diversified ichthyofauna composed by 1,297 species, in which 25% represents endemic species. These levels of biodiversity can be uncertain, because of the occurrence of cryptic and polytypic species and the absence of population studies, especially in reef species. In this sense, population, taxonomical and phylogenetical aspects were analyzed form species of the Pomacentridae (Perciformes) and Carangidae (Carangiformes) families, along the coast and oceanic islands of Brazil. The molecular and morphometric analyzes were performed in S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli and S. fuscus trindadensis indicated synonym among S. rocasensis and S. sanctipauli, and between S. fuscus and S. fuscus trindadensis. Besides that, revealed the presence of a possible cryptic species which has been confused with S. variabilis. The population analyzes in Abudefduf saxatilis at the Western Atlantic, including the oceanic islands, reveals a status of panmixia from Venezuela to the Southeast of Brazil, while the island populations have different levels of genetic structuration, specially the population of the Trindade island. The genetic analyzes in the polytypic species Caranx lugubris indicated a large panmitic population in the Western Atlantic, revealing new data about the origins of the morphotypes that occurs in the surroundings of the Saint Paul Rocks archipelago. The data obtained expands the knowledge over the insular ichthyic fauna of the Atlantic and serves as subsidy to the conservation and management of species of these particular and important oceanic regions.

Japanese yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata has been commercially farmed in Japan since the 1940s. In comparison, sea-cage farming of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi in Australia is still developing, with commercial production commencing in 1998. In Australia, S. lalandi is parasitised by Zeuxapta seriolae and Benedenia seriolae. In Japan, S. quinqueradiata is parasitised by Heteraxine heterocerca and B. seriolae. These monogeneans affect industries in both countries and management of these parasites is required to prevent impacts on fish health and commercial losses. I investigated efficacy (% reduction of mean parasite abundance) for orally administered praziquantel, fenbendzole and oxfendazole against Z. seriolae and B. seriolae on S. lalandi and the efficacy of orally administered praziquantel and febantel against H. heterocerca and B. seriolae on S. quinqueradiata. Medications were administered to fish by surface coating feed pellets or via direct intubation of the stomach. Seriola lalandi administered fenbendazole and oxfendazole by surface coating of feed had lower abundance of the gill parasite Z. seriolae. Seriola quinqueradiata intubated with febantel had lower abundance of the gill parasite H. heterocerca. Neither fenbendazole nor oxfendazole administered to S. lalandi in Australia, nor febantel administered to S. quinqueradiata in Japan resulted in a lower abundance of the skin parasite B. seriolae. Praziquantel was first administered to S. lalandi by surface coating of feed. Fish rejected medicated feed, suggesting praziquantel affected its palatability. Fish treated with feed medicated with praziquantel had fewer Z. seriolae and B. seriolae than untreated fish. Praziquantel administered to S. lalandi by intubation allowed a more accurate dose to be tested without differential feeding or reduced palatability obstructing results, and resulted in fewer Z. seriolae (99.5-100 % reduction) and B. seriolae (91 – 97.7 % reduction). Intubated praziquantel also led to fewer recruitment life stages of Z. seriolae and B. seriolae, even at low doses, but did not completely eliminate them from S. lalandi. Praziquantel administered to S. lalandi alone and combined with cimetidine had high efficacy (>99%) against Z. seriolae. In comparison, praziquantel administered alone resulted in fewer B. seriolae (68.3 – 69.7 % reduction) than the same doses of praziquantel combined with cimetidine (36.9 – 40.9 % reduction). A 90.4 -100% reduction in H. heterocerca was achieved when praziquantel was administered by intubation to S. quinqueradiata in Japan but there was only a 22-77.8 % reduction in B. seriolae. The dose of PZQ (150 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ for 3 days) on the label of a commercially available product used to treat B. seriolae in Japanese aquaculture resulted in a 50.9% reduction against B. seriolae, but completely eliminated H. heterocerca. In trials against Z. seriolae and B. seriolae on S. lalandi in South Australia, I also screened 27 other anthelmintics and antiparasitics from the chemical groups: amprolium derivatives, benzimidazoles, benzyl ureas, diphosphate salts, imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones, nitromidazoles, organophosphates, piperazines, salicylanilides, substituted phenols and tetrahydropyrimidines. Of these, only the benzimidazole, albendazole, was effective against Z. seriolae and none appeared to have an effect against B. seriolae. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1459172 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2010

Japanese yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata has been commercially farmed in Japan since the 1940s. In comparison, sea-cage farming of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi in Australia is still developing, with commercial production commencing in 1998. In Australia, S. lalandi is parasitised by Zeuxapta seriolae and Benedenia seriolae. In Japan, S. quinqueradiata is parasitised by Heteraxine heterocerca and B. seriolae. These monogeneans affect industries in both countries and management of these parasites is required to prevent impacts on fish health and commercial losses. I investigated efficacy (% reduction of mean parasite abundance) for orally administered praziquantel, fenbendzole and oxfendazole against Z. seriolae and B. seriolae on S. lalandi and the efficacy of orally administered praziquantel and febantel against H. heterocerca and B. seriolae on S. quinqueradiata. Medications were administered to fish by surface coating feed pellets or via direct intubation of the stomach. Seriola lalandi administered fenbendazole and oxfendazole by surface coating of feed had lower abundance of the gill parasite Z. seriolae. Seriola quinqueradiata intubated with febantel had lower abundance of the gill parasite H. heterocerca. Neither fenbendazole nor oxfendazole administered to S. lalandi in Australia, nor febantel administered to S. quinqueradiata in Japan resulted in a lower abundance of the skin parasite B. seriolae. Praziquantel was first administered to S. lalandi by surface coating of feed. Fish rejected medicated feed, suggesting praziquantel affected its palatability. Fish treated with feed medicated with praziquantel had fewer Z. seriolae and B. seriolae than untreated fish. Praziquantel administered to S. lalandi by intubation allowed a more accurate dose to be tested without differential feeding or reduced palatability obstructing results, and resulted in fewer Z. seriolae (99.5-100 % reduction) and B. seriolae (91 – 97.7 % reduction). Intubated praziquantel also led to fewer recruitment life stages of Z. seriolae and B. seriolae, even at low doses, but did not completely eliminate them from S. lalandi. Praziquantel administered to S. lalandi alone and combined with cimetidine had high efficacy (>99%) against Z. seriolae. In comparison, praziquantel administered alone resulted in fewer B. seriolae (68.3 – 69.7 % reduction) than the same doses of praziquantel combined with cimetidine (36.9 – 40.9 % reduction). A 90.4 -100% reduction in H. heterocerca was achieved when praziquantel was administered by intubation to S. quinqueradiata in Japan but there was only a 22-77.8 % reduction in B. seriolae. The dose of PZQ (150 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ for 3 days) on the label of a commercially available product used to treat B. seriolae in Japanese aquaculture resulted in a 50.9% reduction against B. seriolae, but completely eliminated H. heterocerca. In trials against Z. seriolae and B. seriolae on S. lalandi in South Australia, I also screened 27 other anthelmintics and antiparasitics from the chemical groups: amprolium derivatives, benzimidazoles, benzyl ureas, diphosphate salts, imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones, nitromidazoles, organophosphates, piperazines, salicylanilides, substituted phenols and tetrahydropyrimidines. Of these, only the benzimidazole, albendazole, was effective against Z. seriolae and none appeared to have an effect against B. seriolae. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1459172 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2010

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T19:02:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose de Melo Lima Filho.pdf: 1580839 bytes, checksum: 922a898621f152e5c160d41a8f459629 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T19:02:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose de Melo Lima Filho.pdf: 1580839 bytes, checksum: 922a898621f152e5c160d41a8f459629 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-23 / Species of the Carangidae family are important components of fish fauna during all phases of the life span. Both Selene spixii (full moon fish) Spix and Agassiz (1831) and Selene Vomer (Atlantic look down) Linnaeus (1758) range in the Western Atlantic Ocean from New Scotia (Canada) to South America including the Gulf of Mexico. They are found in coastal shallow waters, either on hard or sandy bottoms. They usually establish schoals, but are also observed in small groups or pairs. They feed on small crustaceans, shrimps, fish and worms. Their flesh tastes good; these species are trade fresh. They can also be reared, they are highly prized in sport fishing. Both species are very similar in early phases of their life cycle, which renders the identification at the species level quite difficult. The aim of the present study was to carry out analyses of the pattern of morphological differentiation between the above mentioned species of Selene genre, using as method 1, techniques of multivariate analysis of the 16 distances between landmarks, defined in the truss net; and as method 2, the relative warps analysis (thin plate spline function) on the coordinates of 9 landmarks. Morphometric data were obtained from scanner digitalized images and the coordinates of the landmarks by using tpsdigw program, the distances were obtained from a program developed in language C and the relative warps analysis from tpsRelw program. Similarities were discriminated between the studied species using both Principal Components Analysis, Canonic as well as Discriminant Analyses based on morphometric features. The landmarks usedwere: 1. tip of the nose, 2. base of pelvic fin, 3. beginning of the first dorsal fin, 4. beginning of anal fin, 5. beginning of the second dorsal fin, 6. end of anal fin, 7.end of the second dorsal fin, 8. beginning of lower caudal fin, 9. beginning of upper caudal fin. According to method 1, measures D 1-3 and D 3-4 were the most important whereas for method 2, among shape variations, the one which contributes the most was the component x. / Os Carangidae são importantes componentes da ictiofauna em todas as fases da vida e as espécies Selene spixii (Lua-do-Caribe) Spix e Agassiz (1831) e Selene vomer (galo–de-penacho) Linnaeus (1758) estão distribuídas pelo Atlântico Oeste de Nova Escócia (Canadá) ao longo das costas do Golfo do México até a América do Sul. Esses peixes são encontrados em águas rasas costeiras, sobre fundos duros ou arenosos. Vivem em cardumes, mas também podem ser observados em pequenos grupos ou em pares. Alimentam-se de pequenos caranguejos, camarões, peixes e poliquetas. Sua carne apresenta um sabor excelente, sendo comercializado fresco. Estes peixes podem ser cultivados em aquários, são valorizados na pesca esportiva, e ambas espécies apresentam grande semelhança na fase jovem o que dificulta a identificação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os padrões de diferenciação morfológicos entre as espécies do gênero Selene, utilizando como método 1, técnicas de análise multivariada das 16 distâncias entre marcos anatômicos, definidas na rede de treliças; e como método 2, a análise de deformações relativas (função thin plate spline) sobre as coordenadas de 9 marcos anatômicos. Os dados morfométricos foram obtidos em imagens digitalizadas por scanner, as coordenadas dos marcos anatômicos pelo programa tpsDig, as distâncias obtidas por programa desenvolvido em linguagem C e a análise de deformações relativas através do programa tpsRelw. Pretendeu-se discriminar similaridades entre as duas espécies por meio de Componentes Principais, Análise de Variáveis Canônicas e Análise Discriminante com base em características morfométricas. Foram utilizados os seguintes marcos anatômicos: 1. ponta do focinho; 2. base da nadadeira ventral (pélvica); 3. início da primeira nadadeira dorsal; 4. início da nadadeira anal; 5. início da segunda nadadeira dorsal; 6. final da nadadeira anal; 7. final da segunda nadadeira dorsal; 8. início da nadadeira caudal inferior; 9. início da nadadeira caudal superior. No método 1, as medidas D 1-3 e D 3-4 foram as mais importantes, enquanto que no método 2, dentre as variações de forma, a que mais contribuiu foi a componente uniforme x.