Orientador: Marcos Jun Watanabe / Coorientador: Letícia Andreza Yonezawa / Banca: Carlos Alberto Hussni / Banca: Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de maltodextrina em dose única sobre as respostas fisiológicas e metabólicas de cavalos submetidos a testes padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e a sessões sequenciais de exercício de alta intensidade e rápida aceleração (Teste de Exercícios Sequenciais - TES) em esteira ergométrica. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em 2 etapas: o Estudo 1 foi realizado visando determinar o efeito da maltodextrina administrada por via oral em dose única em resposta a três quantidades (0,2g/kg; 0,4g/kg; 0,6g/kg) sobre as curvas glicêmica e insulinêmica de equinos em repouso, com o objetivo de determinar a dose de maltodextrina que apresentasse maior persistência das concentrações sanguíneas de glicose associada com menor estímulo insulinêmico, e o Estudo 2 que avaliou o efeito da maltodextrina em resposta a dois tipos de exercícios: TPEP e TES. Foram utilizados oito equinos da raça puro sangue Árabe, machos castrados, com idade de 2 a 8 anos divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais que passaram por dois tratamentos, suplementados com maltodextrina (GM, n=8) e controle (GC, n=8). Animais submetidos ao GM receberam 0,4g/kg de maltodextrina enquanto os submetidos ao GC receberam carboximetilcelulose pela via oral 30min antes dos exercícios. O TPEP foi realizado em esteira com inclinação de 6% e consistiu em fases sequenciais de velocidades progressivas de 1,8 m/s por um período de 5min, seguindo a 4,0 m/s por 3min, 6,0 m/s por 2min, e fases subsequentes a 7,0; 8,0; 9,0 e 10,0m/s por 1min em cada velocidade, ou até quando os cavalos não conseguiram manter o galope mesmo sendo estimulados. O TES seguiu o protocolo com um período de aquecimento ativo de velocidade de 1,7m/s por 1min (sem inclinação), trote a 3,5m/s por 5min (sem inclinação) e passo a 1,5m/s por 5min (6% de inclinação), ao término deste período, a velocidade... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of maltodextrin on the physiological and metabolic responses of horses submitted to standard incremental exercise test (TPEP) and sequential sessions high intensity exercise and rapid acceleration (Sequential Test Exercises - TES ) on a treadmill. Therefore, the study was divided into two steps: Study 1 was carried out to determine the effect of maltodextrin orally administered acutely in response to three amounts (0.2 g / kg, 0.4 g / kg; 0.6g / kg) on glucose and insulin curves of horses at rest, allowing determine the amount of maltodextrin to present greater persistence of blood glucose concentrations associated with lower insulinemic stimulus, and the second study that evaluated the effect of maltodextrin in response to two types exercises: TPEP and TES. Eight were used adult horses of the Arab horses, gelding were randomly divided into two groups of four animals that underwent two treatments, supplemented with maltodextrin (GM n = 8) and control (CG n = 8). Animals was used to GM received 0.4 g / kg of maltodextrin while undergoing GC received carboxymethylcellulose orally 30 minutes before exercise. The TPEP was performed on a treadmill with incline of 6% and consisted of sequential stages of progressive speeds of 1.8 m / s for a period of 5 minutes, followed at 4.0 m / s for 3 minutes, 6.0 m / s per 2min, and subsequent phases 7,0, 8.0; 9.0 and 10,0m / s for 1 min at each speed, or even when the horses could not keep galloping even being stimulated. The TES followed the protocol with an active heating period of speed of 1.7 m / s for 1min (0% incline), trot to 3.5 m / s for 5 minutes (0% incline) and step-by-1.5m / s for 5 minutes (6% incline), at the end of this period, the speed of the treadmill was quickly increased to speed corresponding to 105% of HRmax maintained for 50s. After this period, called sprint, the speed was immediately reduced to ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852794.pdf: 1975451 bytes, checksum: fa22ed309934a5b0792407a55f1cdb62 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de maltodextrina em dose única sobre as respostas fisiológicas e metabólicas de cavalos submetidos a testes padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e a sessões sequenciais de exercício de alta intensidade e rápida aceleração (Teste de Exercícios Sequenciais - TES) em esteira ergométrica. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em 2 etapas: o Estudo 1 foi realizado visando determinar o efeito da maltodextrina administrada por via oral em dose única em resposta a três quantidades (0,2g/kg; 0,4g/kg; 0,6g/kg) sobre as curvas glicêmica e insulinêmica de equinos em repouso, com o objetivo de determinar a dose de maltodextrina que apresentasse maior persistência das concentrações sanguíneas de glicose associada com menor estímulo insulinêmico, e o Estudo 2 que avaliou o efeito da maltodextrina em resposta a dois tipos de exercícios: TPEP e TES. Foram utilizados oito equinos da raça puro sangue Árabe, machos castrados, com idade de 2 a 8 anos divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais que passaram por dois tratamentos, suplementados com maltodextrina (GM, n=8) e controle (GC, n=8). Animais submetidos ao GM receberam 0,4g/kg de maltodextrina enquanto os submetidos ao GC receberam carboximetilcelulose pela via oral 30min antes dos exercícios. O TPEP foi realizado em esteira com inclinação de 6% e consistiu em fases sequenciais de velocidades progressivas de 1,8 m/s por um período de 5min, seguindo a 4,0 m/s por 3min, 6,0 m/s por 2min, e fases subsequentes a 7,0; 8,0; 9,0 e 10,0m/s por 1min em cada velocidade, ou até quando os cavalos não conseguiram manter o galope mesmo sendo estimulados. O TES seguiu o protocolo com um período de aquecimento ativo de velocidade de 1,7m/s por 1min (sem inclinação), trote a 3,5m/s por 5min (sem inclinação) e passo a 1,5m/s por 5min (6% de inclinação), ao término deste período, a velocidade... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of maltodextrin on the physiological and metabolic responses of horses submitted to standard incremental exercise test (TPEP) and sequential sessions high intensity exercise and rapid acceleration (Sequential Test Exercises - TES ) on a treadmill. Therefore, the study was divided into two steps: Study 1 was carried out to determine the effect of maltodextrin orally administered acutely in response to three amounts (0.2 g / kg, 0.4 g / kg; 0.6g / kg) on glucose and insulin curves of horses at rest, allowing determine the amount of maltodextrin to present greater persistence of blood glucose concentrations associated with lower insulinemic stimulus, and the second study that evaluated the effect of maltodextrin in response to two types exercises: TPEP and TES. Eight were used adult horses of the Arab horses, gelding were randomly divided into two groups of four animals that underwent two treatments, supplemented with maltodextrin (GM n = 8) and control (CG n = 8). Animals was used to GM received 0.4 g / kg of maltodextrin while undergoing GC received carboxymethylcellulose orally 30 minutes before exercise. The TPEP was performed on a treadmill with incline of 6% and consisted of sequential stages of progressive speeds of 1.8 m / s for a period of 5 minutes, followed at 4.0 m / s for 3 minutes, 6.0 m / s per 2min, and subsequent phases 7,0, 8.0; 9.0 and 10,0m / s for 1 min at each speed, or even when the horses could not keep galloping even being stimulated. The TES followed the protocol with an active heating period of speed of 1.7 m / s for 1min (0% incline), trot to 3.5 m / s for 5 minutes (0% incline) and step-by-1.5m / s for 5 minutes (6% incline), at the end of this period, the speed of the treadmill was quickly increased to speed corresponding to 105% of HRmax maintained for 50s. After this period, called sprint, the speed was immediately reduced to ... / FAPESP: 2014/1549-9

Orientador: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de duas variedades de sorgo, processadas diferentemente, na palatabilidade, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produtos de fermentação fecal e microbiota em gatos adultos. Quatro dietas com composições similares foram formuladas com milho (Mi), arroz integral (AI), sorgo vermelho (SV) ou sorgo branco (SB) como principal fonte de carboidrato. As dietas Mi e AI foram moídas apenas com peneira de 1,0 mm (média), enquanto que as dietas SV e SB foram moídas com peneiras de 0,8 mm (fina), 1,0 mm e 1,6 mm (grossa), totalizando oito dietas. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com quatro blocos de 16 gatos, dois gatos por dieta em cada bloco, totalizando oito repetições por tratamento e 64 unidades experimentais. Após o período de adaptação, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi calculada pelo método de coleta fecal total e o escore fecal foi avaliado. Amostras fecais frescas foram coletadas para análise dos produtos de fermentação, medição do pH, aminas biogênicas e microbiota. Valores de P <0,05 foram considerados significativos. A palatabilidade foi maior nas dietas SV e SB na moagem média do que nas dietas Mi e AI (P <0,01), e a dieta SB apresentou maior consumo que SV (P <0,05). Para a dieta SV, a maior granulometria apresentou melhor consumo do que a menor granulometria (P <0,05). Não houve diferença significativa na digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes entre as dietas, exceto uma redução na digestibilidade da matéria s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sorghum varieties, processed differently, on palatability, nutrient digestibility and fecal fermentation products in adult cats. Four diets with similar compositions were formulated with corn (C), brown rice (BR), red sorghum (RS) or white sorghum (WS) as the main carbohydrate source. The C and BR diets were ground with 1.0 mm (medium) screen sieve; RS and WS were ground with sieve sizes of 0.5 mm (fine), 1.0 mm and 1.6 mm (coarse) each, totaling eight diets. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks of 16 cats, two cats per diet in each block, totaling eight replicates per treatment and 64 experimental units. After the adaptation period the nutrient digestibility was calculated by the total fecal collection method and the fecal score was evaluated. Fresh fecal samples were collected for analysis of fermentation products, pH measurement, biogenic amines and microbiota. Values of P <0.05 were considered significant. Palatability was higher for RS and WS diets at medium particle size than C and BR diets (P <0.01) and WS presented higher intake than RS (P <0.05). For RS, bigger particle size had better consumption than small particle size (P <0.05). There were no differences in apparent digestibility of the nutrients between the diets, except lower DM for WS with bigger particle size (P = 0.007). Fecal production, score and ammonia were similar between diets (P> 0.05). Fecal pH was lower a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent years, the aim of the production of broilers became more focused on the increase of the performance of the birds in order to increase profit. To obtain an increased performance with broiler chicks, it is necessary to look at the development of their gastrointestinal tract, the feed requirements and the ability to digest certain nutrients in the period post hatch. Research have shown clear evidence of increased performance of chicks by the inclusion of certain carbohydrate and protein sources in the prestarter diets, but in contrast to this there are also some research that found no significant effects on the performance of broilers when certain carbohydrate and protein sources were included in the pre-starter diet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that a product containing specific carbohydrate and protein sources, included in the pre-starter diets of broiler chicks, would have on their performance. It was believed that the products to be tested would result in increased performance of the chicks in the following growth phases. Special emphasis was placed on the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, cumulative feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), European production efficiency factor (EPEF) and the protein efficiency ratio. Different inclusion levels of the different raw materials were investigated in the first trial. Three raw materials and a control were compared using a summit dilution process at 100:0, 66:34, 50:50, 34:66 and 0:100. Specific production parameters such as ADG total live weight gain, feed intake per week, cumulative feed intake, FCR, EPEF and PER were measured and calculated in order to determine if there were any significant differences between the treatments with the different raw material inclusions on the performance of the chicks. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between the 13 treatments for the ADG, total live weight gain, feed intake per week, cumulative feed intake, FCR, EPEF and PER. The results therefore indicated that there were no significant differences between the different inclusion levels of the different raw materials and no significant differences for the production parameters for animals receiving diets with various levels of the three raw materials. It is thus concluded that these raw materials can be successfully utilised in pre-starter diets of broiler chicks. The effect of the contribution of sugar to the metabolisable energy (ME) of the raw materials was tested in a commercial grower trial. The three raw materials had inclusion levels leading to supply of either 12% or 18% of the ME in the form of sugar. No significant differences were found between the seven treatments for ADG, total live weight gain, feed intake per week, cumulative feed intake, FCR, EPEF or the PER. It was concluded that the percentage in contribution of sugars between 12 and 18% to the ME of the prestarter diets had no significant effects on the production parameters tested. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die produksie van braaikuikens word daar deesdae al hoe meer klem gelê op die verhoging van die produksie van die kuikens om dan dus ‘n verhoging in die wins te bewerkstellig. Om hierdie verhoogde produksie by braaikuikens te kan bereik, is dit nodig om na eienskappe van die kuiken soos die ontwikkeling van die spysvertering stelsel, die nutrient- behoeftes van die kuiken en die vermoë om sekere nutriënte te kan verteer in die periode na uitbroei. Sommige navorsing het gewys dat die insluiting van sekere koolhidraat – en proteïen bronne in die voor-aanvangs diëete van braaikuikens, lei tot ‘n positiewe effek op die produksie van die kuikens, waar ander navorsing geen effek gevind het nie. Daarom was die doel van die huidige navorsing gewees om te toets wat die effek van die insluiting in die voor-aanvangs dieet van braaikuikens ‘n sekere produk met ‘n spesifieke koolhidraat –en proteïen bron samestelling op die produksie van die kuikens sal wees in die daaropvolgende fases. Dit was verwag dat die insluiting van hierdie produkte in die voor-aanvangs diëte van braaikuikens ‘n positiewe effek sou hê op die produksie van die kuikens. Spesiale klem was gelê op die parameters soos gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GDT) voer inname, kumulatiewe voer inname, voeromset verhoudings (VOV) Europese produksie doeltreffendheids- faktor (EPEF) en die proteïen doeltreffendheids faktor (PER). Verskillende insluitings vlakke van die verskillende produkte wat getoets is, is in die eerste proef ondersoek. Die drie produkte is deur middel van ‘n piek verdunnings proses by verhoudings van 100:0, 66:34, 50:50, 34:66 en 0:100 met mekaar vergelyk. Spesifieke produksie- parameters soos die GDT, lewende massa, weeklikse voer- inname, kumulatiewe voer- inname, VOV, EPEF en die PER is gemeet. Geen betekenisvolle verskille (P>0.05) was vir die 13 behandelings verkry nie. Die resultate het derhalwe getoon dat daar geen betekenisvolle verskille tussen die verskillende insluitings vlakke van die onderskeie produkte was nie en dat daar geen betekenisvolle tussen die produksieparameters van die kuikens wat die diëte met die verskillende insluitingspeile van die drie roumateriale ontvand het, was nie. Daarom is tot die slotsom gekom dat hierdie roumateriale suksesvol in die vooraanvangsdieet van braaikuikens aangewend kan word. Die effek van die bydrae van die suiker tot die metaboliseerbare energie (ME) van die produkte was in ‘n kommersiële groei proef getoets. Die drie rou materiale was by beide 12- en 18% ingesluit. Geen betekenisvolle verskille (P>0.05) was vir die sewe behandelings vir GDT, lewende massa, weeklikse voer- inname, kumulatiewe voer- inname, VOV, EPEF en PEF verkry nie.

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Refer to document / National Research Foundation (NRF)