Selection of pigs has focussed on the improvement of lean growth with simultaneous reduction in fat tissue, due to the high economic importance of these traits. As a consequence, a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been reported for these traits. In contrast, very few QTL have been reported for chemical body composition (protein and lipid). Knowledge about the deposition rates of these components is important to accurately predict the nutritional requirements of pigs and to determine selection objectives for optimal development of body tissues and feed intake capacity. Therefore, the principle aims of this thesis were to investigate the genomic regulation of physical and chemical body composition as well as feed intake, feed efficiency and meat quality in a commercial pig population. Data for all analyses were derived from a three generation full-sib design created by crossing Pietrain sires with a crossbred dam line. In total, 386 animals were genotyped for 96 molecular markers covering 11 chromosomes. Phenotypic data were available for 315 F2 animals for carcass characteristics measured at slaughter weight, chemical body composition measured at different target weights throughout growth, feed intake measured throughout growth, and meat quality traits collected post-slaughter. Individual QTL analyses of several autosomes and chromosome X uncovered a large number of QTL in different regions of the genome for physical body composition traits as well as novel QTL for chemical body composition and deposition. Associations between QTL for chemical and physical body composition were also detected. The results highlighted that different stages of growth are under different genomic regulation. Further QTL were detected for feed intake and feed efficiency and interesting causative biological reasons for QTL of feed efficiency were derived in associations with QTL for body composition and growth. Epistatic QTL analyses were performed to investigate the contribution of interactions (epistasis) to the genomic regulation of physical and chemical body composition as well as growth and feed intake. Epistasis was found to contribute to the entire growth period, however, different epistatic QTL pairs contributed to different stages of growth. Epistatic QTL pairs mostly accounted for higher proportions of the phenotypic variance than QTL detected from individual QTL analyses. A large number of QTL were identified, which could not be detected from individual QTL analyses, mainly because these QTL did not express individually significant additive or dominance effects and only expressed their effects through interactions with other QTL. Individual and epistatic QTL analyses uncovered numerous QTL as well as epistatic interactions influencing meat quality traits, including pH, meat colour and conductivity, traits which influence the quality of pork. The work of this thesis gives substantial insight into the genomic regulation of economically important traits of pigs. The research highlights that the genomic regulation of growth and body composition, feed intake and meat quality is complex, involving numerous QTL located in different regions of the genome, controlled partly by imprinting effects, as well as a complex network of interactions between QTL. The results obtained in this study can be used in pig breeding to optimise breeding programmes and for marker assisted selection.

Este trabalho avaliou a utilização de níveis crescentes de Nutri Energia® (T0=0; T1=10; T2=20 e T3=30), em substituição a polpa cítrica (35; 23; 12 e 0), ocasionando níveis crescentes de gordura (1,5; 3,7; 5,9 e 8,0%), em dietas para cordeiros, em recria e terminação, no sistema de confinamento, sobre o desempenho produtivo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, ambiência e características de carcaça. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos Suffolk com 60 dias de idade e 22 kg em média, que foram abatidos após um período experimental de 77 dias. Todos os tratamentos foram isoproteícos e isoenergéticos. A partir da inclusão de 10% de Nutri Energia® na dieta, a ingestão de matéria seca, a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido e neutro diminuíram; a partir de 20%, o ganho de peso e a digestibilidade de fibra bruta diminuíram e a partir de 30% a eficiência alimentar e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta diminuíram. Não foi significativa (P>0,05), a variação da digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e do extrativo não nitrogenado. Assim observamos que o uso de Nutri Energia® em dietas para cordeiros em terminação em confinamento, tem seu limite de inclusão em torno de 10%, para alcançar boas características de carcaça e desempenho animal. Elevando o nível de inclusão acima de 10%, obtém-se alto teor de extrato etéreo, o que irá prejudicar o desempenho produtivo dos animais. / Alternative sources of energy for feedlot animals have been tested to improve the animal performance and decrease the production expenses. In this way, this research evaluated the use of increasing Nutri Energy® levels (T0=0; T1=10; T2=20 e T3=30) in the citric pulp substitution. (35; 23; 12 and 0%) as the main energy source, causing an increasing fat levels (1,5; 3,7; 5,9 e 8,0) in lambs diet during rearing and finishing phases in feedlot system, over the performance, nutrients digestibility , environment and carcass characteristics. The experiment was conducted in FZEA/USP. 40 Suffolk breed male lambs were used with 60 day old and an average of 22Kg weight that were slaughtered after a 52 day experimental period. All the treatments were isoprotein and isoenergy. Starting from the inclusion of 10% of Nutri Energy® in the diet, the ingestion of dry matter, the fiber\'s digestibility in acid and neutral detergent decreased; starting from 20%, the weight earnings and the digestibility of rude fiber decreased; starting from 30% the alimentary efficiency and the digestibility of the rude protein decreased. It was not significant (P>0,05), the digestibility variation of ethereal extract and of the extractive no nitrogen. Like this, we observed that the use of Nutri Energy® in diets for lambs, in ending in confinement, it inclusion limit around 10%, to reach good carcass characteristics and animal acting. Elevating the inclusion level above 10%, it is obtained high tenor of ethereal extract, what will harm the productive acting of the animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Andre Mantegazza Camargo.pdf: 109997 bytes, checksum: 9f21786351e160d7370d8a4ebed4a890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Carcass characteristics of ? Guzer? + ? Nellore (F1) and ? Guzer? + ? Limousin + ? Nellore (F2) were evaluated. Each experimental group was constituted by twelve animals. The bovines presented respective average weights to F1 and F2 of 477,50 ? 18,54 and 468,89 ? 21,03 kg at the beginning of experimental period and 526,83 ? 18,77 kg and 516,08 ? 20,03 kg in the slaughter occasion. The steers were maintained in Panicum maximum cv. Tanz?nia pastures and received feeding, in proportion of 1% live weight, with 22,2% of crude protein and 72,5% of total digestible nutrients (TDN). There was no significant difference (P>0,05) between genetic groups to the majority of body measures, cold carcass, special hindquarter and forequarter weights, special hindquarter percentage, cold carcass and special hindquarter yield, fat thickness, fat thickness adjusted to 100 kg of cold carcass, conformation e the variables that express the carcass physical composition. There was no significant correlation, positive or negative, between carcass measures and economical interesting characteristics. The F1 animals were superior to F2 to side cut weight, percentage and yield. On the other hand, the F2 animal presented higher values to spine-loin length, side cut percentage and yield, loin eye area and loin eye area adjusted to 100 kg of cold carcass when compared to F1 ones. To the correlations, there was significant and positive association between thoracic perimeter (0,62), thoracic depth (0,35), rump length (0,40) and cold carcass weight, as well as there was significant and positive correlations between spine-loin length and loin eye area (0,61) and cushion thickness and special hindquarter yield (0,43). Significant and negative correlation was detected between rump length and muscle yield (-0,43). Considering the experimental condition and the evaluated genetic groups, it is concluded that F2 animals are longer and present right proportions of carcass commercial cuts and measures as loin eye area in relation to the F1. Thoracic perimeter and depth, spine-loin and rump length and cushion thickness are positively associated to the cold carcass weight, loin eye area and muscle and special hindquarter yield. / As caracter?sticas da carca?a de novilhos ? Guzer? x ? Nelore (F1) e ? Guzer? x ? Limousin x ? Nelore (F2) foram avaliadas. Cada grupo experimental era constitu?do por doze animais. Os bovinos apresentaram pesos m?dios respectivos para F1 e F2 de 477, 50 ? 18,54 e 468,89 ? 21,03 kg no in?cio do per?odo experimental e 526,83 ? 18,77 kg e 516,08 ? 20,03 kg na ocasi?o do abate. Os novilhos foram mantidos em pastagens de Panicum maximum cv. Tanz?nia e receberam alimenta??o, na propor??o de 1% do peso vivo, com 22,2% de prote?na bruta e 72,5% de nutrientes digest?veis totais (NDT). N?o houve diferen?a significativa (P>0,05) entre grupos gen?ticos para a maioria das medidas corporais, peso da carca?a resfriada, corte serrote e dianteiro, percentagem do corte serrote, rendimento da carca?a resfriada e do corte serrote, espessura de gordura de cobertura, espessura de gordura de cobertura ajustada para 100 kg de carca?a resfriada, conforma??o e as vari?veis que expressam a composi??o f?sica da carca?a. N?o houve correla??o significativa, positiva ou negativa, entre medidas obtidas na carca?a e caracter?sticas de interesse econ?mico. Os animais F1 foram superiores aos F2 para peso, percentagem e rendimento do corte costilhar. Por outro lado, os animais F2 apresentaram valores mais elevados de comprimento dorso-lombo, percentagem e rendimento do corte dianteiro, ?rea de olho de lombo e ?rea de olho de lombo ajustada para 100 kg de carca?a resfriada quando comparados aos F1. Para as correla??es, houve associa??o significativa e positiva entre per?metro tor?cico (0,62), profundidade tor?cica (0,35), comprimento de garupa (0,40) e peso da carca?a resfriada, assim como existiram correla??es positivas e significativas entre comprimento dorso-lombo e ?rea de olho do lombo (0,61) e espessura de cox?o e rendimento do corte serrote (0,43). Correla??o significativa e negativa foi detectada entre o comprimento da garupa e rendimento de m?sculo (-0,43). Considerando as condi??es experimentais e os grupos gen?ticos avaliados, conclui-se que animais F2 s?o mais longil?neos e apresentam propor??es adequadas dos cortes comerciais da carca?a e de medidas como a ?rea de olho do lombo em rela??o aos animais F1. O per?metro e a profundidade tor?cica, o comprimento dorso-lombo e da garupa e a espessura do cox?o s?o positivamente associados ao peso da carca?a resfriada, ?rea de olho do lombo, e rendimentos de m?sculo e do corte serrote.

Fontes de lipídios para animais em confinamento vem sendo testadas para melhorar o desempenho animal. Neste sentido, este trabalho avaliou o desempenho animal, as características da carcaça e da maciez da carne de 36 novilhos mestiços (aproximadamente ¾ Bos taurus taurus, filhos de vacas cruzadas Simental x Nelore com touros Brangus), com idade e pesos vivos médios de 14 meses e 320 kg, respectivamente. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Bovinocultura da FZEA, USP, onde foram avaliadas três dietas com 81% de concentrado, sendo uma ração com 5% de gordura protegida (GP), uma ração com 21% de caroço de algodão (CA) e uma ração controle (CT) sem gordura adicional. A ingestão de matéria seca com a ração GP foi menor (P<0,05) que a ingestão com a ração CA, que não diferiu da ração CT, sem que o ganho médio diário e a eficiência alimentar apresentassem diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Os valores encontrados para a análise de uréia sangüínea estiveram dentro do considerado normal, havendo um valor significativamente maior para o tratamento CA em relação ao tratamento GP. O rendimento de carcaça, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura, a gordura renal e pélvica e o peso do fígado não foram significativamente diferentes. Os índices de pH e temperatura, tanto na primeira hora após o abate como 24 horas depois, não foram significativamente diferentes e os valores encontrados estão dentro do esperado. O índice de perda de água no cozimento não foi significativamente diferente entre os tratamentos, o mesmo ocorrendo com a análise de maciez, verificada através das forças de cisalhamento nos diferentes tempos de maturação. Os valores entre 3,0 e 3,5 kg encontrados neste trabalho correspondem a uma carne muito macia, que ainda poderia ser melhorada com a maturação por 14 dias. A gordura protegida a 5% e o caroço de algodão a 21% podem ser empregados nas rações de confinamento sem que alterem o desempenho animal ou a carcaça, sempre que o preço destes ingredientes for economicamente vantajoso. / Several fat sources have been utilized in feedlot diets to improve animal performance. This study carried out at the Beef Cattle Sector of the FZEA, USP, evaluated the performance and carcass and meat characteristics of 36 crossbred steers (approximately ¾ Bos taurus taurus, offspring of crossbred Simental cow x Brangus sire), with 14 months old on the average and 320 kg, fed diets with 81% concentrate and 5% protected fat (GP), or 21% whole cotton seed (CA), or without any additional fat (CT). The dry matter intake of the GP diet was lower than with the CA diet, which was not different from the CT diet, but with no effect on daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Blood urea nitrogen was greater for the CA treatment than GP treatment, but in the normal range. Carcass dressing, rib eye area, fat thickness, kidney and pelvic fat, and liver weight were not different among treatments. The pH and temperature in the first hour and after 24 hours of chilling were not different and in the normal range. There was also no difference among treatments in water loss during cooking and Warner Bratzler shear force. The shear force values ranged from 3.0 to 3.5 kg, but were improved after 14 days of maturation. The resulted indicated that the protected fat or whole cottonseed can be used as ingredients for feedlot diets without affecting performance or carcass characteristics, if economically feasible.

Este trabalho avaliou a utilização de níveis crescentes de Nutri Energia® (T0=0; T1=10; T2=20 e T3=30), em substituição a polpa cítrica (35; 23; 12 e 0), ocasionando níveis crescentes de gordura (1,5; 3,7; 5,9 e 8,0%), em dietas para cordeiros, em recria e terminação, no sistema de confinamento, sobre o desempenho produtivo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, ambiência e características de carcaça. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos Suffolk com 60 dias de idade e 22 kg em média, que foram abatidos após um período experimental de 77 dias. Todos os tratamentos foram isoproteícos e isoenergéticos. A partir da inclusão de 10% de Nutri Energia® na dieta, a ingestão de matéria seca, a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido e neutro diminuíram; a partir de 20%, o ganho de peso e a digestibilidade de fibra bruta diminuíram e a partir de 30% a eficiência alimentar e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta diminuíram. Não foi significativa (P>0,05), a variação da digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e do extrativo não nitrogenado. Assim observamos que o uso de Nutri Energia® em dietas para cordeiros em terminação em confinamento, tem seu limite de inclusão em torno de 10%, para alcançar boas características de carcaça e desempenho animal. Elevando o nível de inclusão acima de 10%, obtém-se alto teor de extrato etéreo, o que irá prejudicar o desempenho produtivo dos animais. / Alternative sources of energy for feedlot animals have been tested to improve the animal performance and decrease the production expenses. In this way, this research evaluated the use of increasing Nutri Energy® levels (T0=0; T1=10; T2=20 e T3=30) in the citric pulp substitution. (35; 23; 12 and 0%) as the main energy source, causing an increasing fat levels (1,5; 3,7; 5,9 e 8,0) in lambs diet during rearing and finishing phases in feedlot system, over the performance, nutrients digestibility , environment and carcass characteristics. The experiment was conducted in FZEA/USP. 40 Suffolk breed male lambs were used with 60 day old and an average of 22Kg weight that were slaughtered after a 52 day experimental period. All the treatments were isoprotein and isoenergy. Starting from the inclusion of 10% of Nutri Energy® in the diet, the ingestion of dry matter, the fiber\'s digestibility in acid and neutral detergent decreased; starting from 20%, the weight earnings and the digestibility of rude fiber decreased; starting from 30% the alimentary efficiency and the digestibility of the rude protein decreased. It was not significant (P>0,05), the digestibility variation of ethereal extract and of the extractive no nitrogen. Like this, we observed that the use of Nutri Energy® in diets for lambs, in ending in confinement, it inclusion limit around 10%, to reach good carcass characteristics and animal acting. Elevating the inclusion level above 10%, it is obtained high tenor of ethereal extract, what will harm the productive acting of the animals.

Thesis (M.Sc) (Agriculture)--University of Limpopo,2007. / Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of feed restriction during the starter stage and lysine supplementation during realimentation on productivity and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens. In the first experiment, the effects of level and period of feed restriction during the starter period on subsequent productivity were evaluated. A 2 (male and female chickens) x 3 (feeding levels, ad libitum and 75% and 50% of ad libitum) x 3 (restriction periods of 5, 7 and 9 days), factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomized Design was used. The effects interactions were not included in the results because earlier analyses including all the interactions showed that they were not important. Level and period of feed restriction during the starter stage had an effect (P<0.05) on live weight of the chickens at 21 days of age. However, female and male chickens had similar live weights at 21 days of age. Chickens on 75% ad libitum feeding attained complete live weight compensation at the age of 42 days. However, chickens on 50% ad libitum feeding did not ‘catch-up’ with those on ad libitum feeding. Differences due to the period of feed restriction during the starter stage were maintained up to the age of 42 days. Male chickens had higher (P<0.05) live weights at 42 days of age. Abdominal fat pad was not affected (P>0.05) by level and period of feed restriction and sex of chickens at 42 days of age. The second experiment evaluated the effects of feed restriction during the starter stage (14 to 21 days) and levels of lysine supplementation during realimentation (21 to 42 days) on productivity and carcass characteristics of male and female chickens. Feed v restriction affected (P<0.05) live weight of chickens at the age of 21 days and males were heavier (P<0.05) than females at the same age. Chickens on 75% ad libitum feeding attained complete compensation in live weight while those on 50% ad libitum feeding did not. Lysine supplementation during realimentation had no effects (P>0.05) on live weight and carcass characteristics of the chickens at 42 days of age. Male chickens attained higher (P<0.05) live weights than female chickens at 42 days of age. / National Research Foundation

Thesis (M.Sc.) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation levels on productivity, carcass characteristics and mortality of Venda chickens. The first experiment determined the effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation levels on productivity and mortality rate of 175 unsexed Venda chickens between 1 and 6 weeks old. The second experiment determined the effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation levels on productivity, carcass characteristics and mortality rate of 140 female Venda chickens between 8 and 13 weeks old. A Completely Randomized Design was used in both experiments. The treatments ranged from 0 to 2000 mg of ascorbic acid per kg DM feed. A quadratic equation was used to determine levels of ascorbic acid supplementation for optimum feed intake, feed conversion ratio, growth rate, live weight and breast meat yield. Feed conversion ratio, growth rate and live weight were optimized at different levels of 1050, 1301 and 1500 mg of ascorbic acid per kg DM feed, respectively, during the starter phase. Similarly, feed conversion ratio, growth rate, live weight and breast meat yield were optimized at different levels of 1000, 1250, 1482 and 769 mg of ascorbic acid per kg DM feed, respectively, during the grower phase. Dietary feed intake in both phases was not optimized within the range of values of ascorbic acid supplementation used in this experiment. The results indicate that at each growth phase, different levels of ascorbic acid supplementation optimized feed conversion ratio, growth rate and live weight of Venda chickens. However, level of ascorbic acid supplementation for optimum breast meat yield was lower than those for feed conversion ratio, growth rate and live weight. These findings have implications on ration formulation for Venda chickens.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of substitution of sorghum silage by wet brewers grains (WBG) as forage food on nutrients intake, performance, economic viability, carcass characteristics, components non-carcass and feeding behavior of lambs finished in feedlot. Twenty four non-castrated male lambs, Suffolk breed, single birth were maintained in individual stalls. The treatments consisted of four substitution levels of sorghum silage by RUC (0; 33.5; 66.5 or 100% substitution). It was used roughage and concentrate at 50:50 ratio, based on dry matter. The concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal and mineral mixture. The diets were isoproteic containing 18.81% CP. The animals were slaughtered when they reached the body condition score of 3 (1 to 5 range). Dry matter intakes, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the level of inclusion on WBG in diets. The ether extract intake increased and the acid detergent fiber decreases linearly (P≤0.05) with increasing inclusion level in the diet of WBG. The daily weight gain average increased and feed conversion was lineararly increased (P≤0.05), while in vivo body measurements have not been influenced by the wet brewers grains on the diets. The lamb daily profit (R$/lamb/day) increased linearly (p≤0,05) with elevated WBG content, reflected by reduction in the daily cost with food, from R$ 1,02/lamb/day to R$ 0,58/lamb/day, in the levels 0% and 100% of substitution, respectively. Carcass traits and proportions of commercial cuts were not influenced by replacing sorghum silage by WBG. The proportions of non-carcass components to body weight at slaughter were not affected significantly by substitution sorghum silage per WBG, except diaphragm and omasum (full and empty) that decreased linearly. Concerning ingestive behavior, increased WBG content of diets linearly reduced time expended in feeding, rumination and total chewing, resulting in a linear increase of idle times. The use of WBG for finishing feedlot lambs is an effectively viable alternative and also provides better economic results. / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de substituição da silagem de sorgo por resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), como alimento volumoso, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o desempenho, a viabilidade econômica, as características da carcaça, os componentes não carcaça e o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, machos não castrados, da raça Suffolk, oriundos de parto simples e mantidos em baias individuais. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro níveis de substituição de silagem de sorgo por RUC sendo: 0; 33,5; 66,5 ou 100% de substituição. Utilizou-se uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 50:50, com base na matéria seca. O concentrado era constituído por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja e mistura mineral. As dietas eram isoprotéicas contendo 18,81% de PB. Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram o escore de condição corporal estabelecido em 3 (escala de 1 a 5). Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos totais, carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados pelo nível de inclusão de RUC nas dietas. O consumo de extrato etéreo aumentou e o de fibra em detergente ácido diminui linearmente (P≤0,05) com o aumento do nível de inclusão de RUC na dieta. O ganho de peso médio diário aumentou e a conversão alimentar melhorou linearmente (P≤0,05) enquanto que as medidas corporais in vivo não foram influenciadas pelo teor de resíduo de cervejaria nas dietas. O lucro diário obtido por cordeiro, em R$/cordeiro/dia, aumentou linearmente (P≤0,05) com a elevação do teor de RUC, sendo um reflexo da redução do custo diário com alimentação, que passou de R$ 1,02/cordeiro/dia para R$ 0,58/cordeiro/dia, para os níveis de 0% e 100% de substituição, respectivamente. As características de carcaça como também as proporções dos cortes comerciais analisados não foram influenciados pela substituição de silagem de sorgo por RUC. As proporções dos componentes não carcaça, em relação ao peso vivo ao abate dos cordeiros, não foram influenciados significativamente pela substituição de silagem de sorgo por RUC, exceto o diafragma, omaso cheio e omaso vazio que diminuíram linearmente. Quanto ao comportamento ingestivo, o aumento do teor de RUC das dietas promoveu redução linear dos tempos despendido em alimentação, ruminação e de mastigação total, o que resultou em aumento linear do tempo de ócio. O uso de RUC para terminação de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento é uma alternativa viável do ponto de vista produtivo, como também proporciona melhores resultados econômicos.

Resumo: Foram realizados dois experimentos, objetivando-se avaliar a composição química e valor nutritivo de fenos de resíduo de pós-colheita de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha e o desempenho e características de carcaça de animais alimentados com fenos amonizados e sem tratamento, suplementados com diferentes fontes de proteína. No primeiro experimento foi avaliada a composição química dos fenos tratados com amônia anidra ou uréia como fonte de amônia em diferentes doses e com diferentes teores de umidades comparados ao feno sem tratamento com baixa umidade. O tratamento com amônia anidra gerou redução nos teores de FDN e elevação na digestibilidade da MS em relação ao grupo controle, sem interferência significativa do teor de umidade. Em relação ao tratamento com uréia a dose de 5% reduziu os teores de FDN em relação ao feno não tratado, sendo necessária à elevação da umidade para 30% para promoção de efeito sobre a digestibilidade da MS. No segundo experimento, 24 bovinos foram alimentados com feno não tratado suplementado com nitrogênio não protéico (FNTNNP), feno não tratado suplementado com farelo de algodão (FNTFA), feno tratado com 5 % de uréia na MS (FTU) e feno tratado com 3 % de amônia anidra na MS (FTA). Os tratamentos foram definidos com base no primeiro experimento. Com relação ao ganho médio diário de peso (kg/dia) e conversão alimentar (kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD) observou-se diferença significativa evidenciando melhor desempenho nos animais alimentados com FTA com valores de 1,336 kg/dia e 8,34 kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD, seguido dos alimentados com FNTFA com valores de 1,161 kg/dia e 8,98 kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD, respectivamente. Os consumos de nutrientes diferiram resultando em maiores consumos de FDN, FDA e CEL pelos animais do tratamento com FTA. Os valores de maciez não apresentaram diferença...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Two experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional value of hay residue of post-harvest seed of Brachiaria brizantha and performance and carcass characteristics of animals fed with hay ammoniation and without treatment supplemented with different sources of protein. In the first experiment, the chemical composition of the hay treated with anhydrous ammonia or urea, was assessed in different doses and with different levels of humidity compared to the hay without treatment with low humidity. The anhydrous ammonia treatment reduced the hay NDF content, and increased the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values, compared to the control. The moisture content didn't affect the anhydrous ammonia effects. The urea application (5% of DM) reduced the NDF values of the hays, however just the association with the highest moisture content (30% of DM) increased the IVDMD values. In the second experiment, 24 cattle were fed with no treated hay plus no nitrogen protein (NTNNP), no treated hay plus cotton seed meal (NTCS), treated hay with urea, 5.0% of DM (TU), and treated hay with anhydrous ammonia, 3.0% of DM (TA).. The treatments were defined based on the first experiment. The initial weight, dry matter daily intake, and intake in relation to the body weight did not differ among treatments. The animals feed with TA showed better values of the daily weight gain, feed efficiency, 1.336 kg/day, and 8.34 kg/kg of weight gain, followed by the NTCS, 1.161 kg/day, and 8.98 kg/kg, respectively. The animals of the TA showed highest NDF, ADF and cellulose intake. The values of...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Flávio Dutra de Resende / Coorientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Banca: Telma Teresinha Berchielli / Banca: Leonardo de Oliveira Fernandes / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 roth_mtp_me_jabo.pdf: 273792 bytes, checksum: c7ca27fc0804e7dd3a6a954f3187e720 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram realizados dois experimentos, objetivando-se avaliar a composição química e valor nutritivo de fenos de resíduo de pós-colheita de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha e o desempenho e características de carcaça de animais alimentados com fenos amonizados e sem tratamento, suplementados com diferentes fontes de proteína. No primeiro experimento foi avaliada a composição química dos fenos tratados com amônia anidra ou uréia como fonte de amônia em diferentes doses e com diferentes teores de umidades comparados ao feno sem tratamento com baixa umidade. O tratamento com amônia anidra gerou redução nos teores de FDN e elevação na digestibilidade da MS em relação ao grupo controle, sem interferência significativa do teor de umidade. Em relação ao tratamento com uréia a dose de 5% reduziu os teores de FDN em relação ao feno não tratado, sendo necessária à elevação da umidade para 30% para promoção de efeito sobre a digestibilidade da MS. No segundo experimento, 24 bovinos foram alimentados com feno não tratado suplementado com nitrogênio não protéico (FNTNNP), feno não tratado suplementado com farelo de algodão (FNTFA), feno tratado com 5 % de uréia na MS (FTU) e feno tratado com 3 % de amônia anidra na MS (FTA). Os tratamentos foram definidos com base no primeiro experimento. Com relação ao ganho médio diário de peso (kg/dia) e conversão alimentar (kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD) observou-se diferença significativa evidenciando melhor desempenho nos animais alimentados com FTA com valores de 1,336 kg/dia e 8,34 kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD, seguido dos alimentados com FNTFA com valores de 1,161 kg/dia e 8,98 kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD, respectivamente. Os consumos de nutrientes diferiram resultando em maiores consumos de FDN, FDA e CEL pelos animais do tratamento com FTA. Os valores de maciez não apresentaram diferença... / Two experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional value of hay residue of post-harvest seed of Brachiaria brizantha and performance and carcass characteristics of animals fed with hay ammoniation and without treatment supplemented with different sources of protein. In the first experiment, the chemical composition of the hay treated with anhydrous ammonia or urea, was assessed in different doses and with different levels of humidity compared to the hay without treatment with low humidity. The anhydrous ammonia treatment reduced the hay NDF content, and increased the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values, compared to the control. The moisture content didn’t affect the anhydrous ammonia effects. The urea application (5% of DM) reduced the NDF values of the hays, however just the association with the highest moisture content (30% of DM) increased the IVDMD values. In the second experiment, 24 cattle were fed with no treated hay plus no nitrogen protein (NTNNP), no treated hay plus cotton seed meal (NTCS), treated hay with urea, 5.0% of DM (TU), and treated hay with anhydrous ammonia, 3.0% of DM (TA).. The treatments were defined based on the first experiment. The initial weight, dry matter daily intake, and intake in relation to the body weight did not differ among treatments. The animals feed with TA showed better values of the daily weight gain, feed efficiency, 1.336 kg/day, and 8.34 kg/kg of weight gain, followed by the NTCS, 1.161 kg/day, and 8.98 kg/kg, respectively. The animals of the TA showed highest NDF, ADF and cellulose intake. The values of...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)