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Diss. / Half title page title: Observationes ad locum de partibus animi humani et quatuor virtutibus primariis a Platone in Politeia expositum. Includes bibliographical references.

The results from this dissertation are an exact computation of ultrapowers by measures on cardinals $\aleph\sb{n},\ n\in w$, in $L(\IR$), and a proof that ordinals in $L(\IR$) below $\delta\sbsp{5}{1}$ represented by descriptions and the identity function with respect to sequences of measures are cardinals. An introduction to the subject with the basic definitions and well known facts is presented in chapter I. In chapter II, we define a class of measures on the $\aleph\sb{n},\ n\in\omega$, in $L(\IR$) and derive a formula for an exact computation of the ultrapowers of cardinals by these measures. In chapter III, we give the definitions of descriptions and the lowering operator. Then we prove that ordinals represented by descriptions and the identity function are cardinals. This result combined with the fact that every cardinal $<\delta\sbsp{5}{1}$ in $L(\IR$) is represented by a description (J1), gives a characterization of cardinals in $L(\IR$) below $\delta\sbsp{5}{1}. Concrete examples of formal computations are shown in chapter IV.

This thesis examined the factors correlated with rapid and benign progression of disease in a group of 1452 Parkinsons disease (PD) patients. The data were collected in a movement disorders clinic at the Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan run by Dr. Alex Rajput and Dr. Ali Rajput. This data is a clinical dataset of PD patients collected from 1970 through to February, 2005. This was a retrospective cases-only study, with anticipated analytical follow-up if any correlations were detected between progression type of PD and the many independent variables available in the dataset. <p>Rapid progression was defined as those subjects who reached Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 within three years or H&Y stage 4 or 5 within five years. Subjects who remained in Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 or 2, ten years after onset of disease, were defined as having benign progression. The study analyzed demographic and clinical findings at first visit to this clinic associated with rapid and benign progression of PD. <p> Analysis revealed that, at first clinic visit, benign progression was positively associated with disease duration (OR=1.41; 95% CI 1.27, 1.57), male sex (OR=3.23; 95% CI 1.70, 6.16), and current smoking habit (OR=2.33; 95% CI 0.67, 8.11). Benign progression was negatively associated with older age of onset (OR=0.36; 95% CI 0.25, 0.50), past history of smoking (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.24, 0.89), current or past use of levodopa (OR=0.45; 95% CI 0.21, 0.98), and mild to severe rigidity (OR=0.43; 95% CI 0.23, 0.80). <p>Analysis also revealed that, at first clinic visit, rapid progression was positively associated with older age of onset (OR=2.45; 95% CI 1.80, 3.33) and mild to severe rigidity (OR=1.73; 95% CI 1.02, 2.94). Rapid progression was negatively associated with disease duration (OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.44, 0.62), male sex (OR=0.58; CI 0.35, 0.95), and mild to severe resting tremor (OR=0.47; CI 0.28, 0.77). <p>The results of this study indicate that age of onset, disease duration, male sex, and rigidity are good potential predictors of disease progression in PD because they have opposite associations with rapid and benign progression. History of levodopa use was negatively associated with benign progression and as such may be good indicator of non-benign progression. Although previous studies found no predictive value for smoking history, the current study reported a unique association between smoking history and benign progression. Past smoking history was negatively associated with benign progression. While there was a positive association with current smoking history, the result was not statistically significant. Resting tremor was negatively associated with rapid progression and as such may be a good indicator of non-rapid progression. <p> Disease characteristics collected at first clinic visit are useful in predicting the course of progression of PD. With more rapid progression of PD closer and more frequent follow-up of patients may be necessary.

This thesis examined the factors correlated with rapid and benign progression of disease in a group of 1452 Parkinsons disease (PD) patients. The data were collected in a movement disorders clinic at the Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan run by Dr. Alex Rajput and Dr. Ali Rajput. This data is a clinical dataset of PD patients collected from 1970 through to February, 2005. This was a retrospective cases-only study, with anticipated analytical follow-up if any correlations were detected between progression type of PD and the many independent variables available in the dataset. <p>Rapid progression was defined as those subjects who reached Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 within three years or H&Y stage 4 or 5 within five years. Subjects who remained in Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 or 2, ten years after onset of disease, were defined as having benign progression. The study analyzed demographic and clinical findings at first visit to this clinic associated with rapid and benign progression of PD. <p> Analysis revealed that, at first clinic visit, benign progression was positively associated with disease duration (OR=1.41; 95% CI 1.27, 1.57), male sex (OR=3.23; 95% CI 1.70, 6.16), and current smoking habit (OR=2.33; 95% CI 0.67, 8.11). Benign progression was negatively associated with older age of onset (OR=0.36; 95% CI 0.25, 0.50), past history of smoking (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.24, 0.89), current or past use of levodopa (OR=0.45; 95% CI 0.21, 0.98), and mild to severe rigidity (OR=0.43; 95% CI 0.23, 0.80). <p>Analysis also revealed that, at first clinic visit, rapid progression was positively associated with older age of onset (OR=2.45; 95% CI 1.80, 3.33) and mild to severe rigidity (OR=1.73; 95% CI 1.02, 2.94). Rapid progression was negatively associated with disease duration (OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.44, 0.62), male sex (OR=0.58; CI 0.35, 0.95), and mild to severe resting tremor (OR=0.47; CI 0.28, 0.77). <p>The results of this study indicate that age of onset, disease duration, male sex, and rigidity are good potential predictors of disease progression in PD because they have opposite associations with rapid and benign progression. History of levodopa use was negatively associated with benign progression and as such may be good indicator of non-benign progression. Although previous studies found no predictive value for smoking history, the current study reported a unique association between smoking history and benign progression. Past smoking history was negatively associated with benign progression. While there was a positive association with current smoking history, the result was not statistically significant. Resting tremor was negatively associated with rapid progression and as such may be a good indicator of non-rapid progression. <p> Disease characteristics collected at first clinic visit are useful in predicting the course of progression of PD. With more rapid progression of PD closer and more frequent follow-up of patients may be necessary.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed May 26, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-72)

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-26T14:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1060992 bytes, checksum: 69f9bccb074f43cce04d083271639cd5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-27T11:21:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1060992 bytes, checksum: 69f9bccb074f43cce04d083271639cd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-27T11:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1060992 bytes, checksum: 69f9bccb074f43cce04d083271639cd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we show basic results about the so-called trans nite numbers and their cardinal arithmetic. For these purpose, we also show some results involving the set theory, as well as equinumerosity, nite sets, in nite sets, countable sets and uncountable sets. / Neste trabalho, mostramos um pouco a teoria sobre os chamados números trans finitos e sua aritmética cardinal. Para tanto, trabalhamos também alguns resultados envolvendo conjuntos, bem como equipotência, conjuntos fi nitos, infi nitos, conjuntos enumeráveis e não-enumeráveis.

Master of Arts / Department of Modern Languages / Amy L. Hubbell / Much of the critical work on Marie Cardinal's Les Mots pour le dire has focused primarily on the hysteria of the novel‘s narrator and her subsequent journey through psychoanalysis. More recently, research on the novel has expanded to include the issues of the narrator‘s pied-noir identity, nostalgia and memory. While such criticisms shed light on the intent of the novel, they do not necessarily explain the enigmatic and oftentimes overlooked final line of the text: "Quelques jour plus tard c‘était Mai 1968." In this thesis, I propose that this line is the key to understanding the novel; as such, I seek to re-examine Les Mots pour le dire through a feminist lens in order to explicate the seemingly malapropos reference to May 1968 and use it to explain central elements of the novel, including the narrator‘s madness, her tumultuous mother-daughter relationship and her eventual authorship. That the events of May 1968 represent one of the most subversive and socially destructive periods in recent French history as well as a giant shift towards the moral left establishes the value of revolt in Les Mots pour le dire. Specifically, I argue that Cardinal attacks the collusion of the ballasts of patriarchal society, religion, capitalism and class, and how these institutions have profited from the subjugation of women in society. When viewed in this light, the narrator‘s madness cannot simply be the product of her mother‘s psychological abuses. Instead, her madness and subsequent detachment from society symbolize the ultimate rejection of a world in which she finds herself oppressed and manipulated. She thus emerges not as a woman consumed by insanity but as a woman in revolt.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the equivalence relation between sets A and B: A o B if and only if there exists a one to one function f from A onto B. In Chapter I, some of the fundamental properties of the equivalence relation are derived. Certain basic results on countable and uncountable sets are given. In Chapter II, a number of theorems on equivalent sets are proved and Dedekind's definitions of finite and infinite are compared with the ordinary concepts of finite and infinite. The Bernstein Theorem is studied and three different proofs of it are given. In Chapter III, the concept of cardinal number is introduced by means of two axioms of A. Tarski, and some fundamental theorems on cardinal arithmetic are proved.

Submitted by Dominick Jesus (dominickdejesus@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-28T18:22:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Bruce Gavin Marshall.pdf: 4308856 bytes, checksum: 6023b09a332295317cc07ae5b5983266 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T18:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Bruce Gavin Marshall.pdf: 4308856 bytes, checksum: 6023b09a332295317cc07ae5b5983266 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM / Factors that influence the spatial and seasonal variations in the autotrophic energy sources and trophic level of the cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) were investigated in an interfluvial region of the middle Negro River. A secondary objective involved investigating mercury biomagnification in the cardinal food chain and the potential mechanisms controlling this process. Stomach content analyses were performed to determine the cardinal diet in these habitats. Carbon stable isotopes (δ 13 C) were utilized to trace organic carbon between the plants (tree/shrub leaves, aquatic emergent and submersed herbaceous plants and epiphytic and floating metaphytic algae), aquatic invertebrates and the cardinals. Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ 15 N) were used to indicate the trophic level of the cardinal in relation to the aquatic invertebrates and plants. A mass balance mixing model called IsoSource was used to determine the relative contributions of autotrophic energy sources for the aquatic invertebrates and fish. Total mercury concentrations and δ 15 N values of the plants, invertebrates and fish were used to examine trophic levels and mercury biomagnification along the food chain. Cardinals were collected in three streams and three interfluvial swamps during a period of 12 months. Water samples were collected at all sampling points to measure total suspended sediments (TSS), chlorophyll concentrations and δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Water physical-chemical parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature were measured at all sampling points. Daily changes in water level and water temperature were recorded with Leveloggers (hydrostatic sensors) installed in two interfluvial swamps. Local precipitation was measured with rain gauges installed in the same areas as the Leveloggers. Daily primary productivity rates of epiphytic and floating metaphytic algae, tree and shrub leaf-fall, emergent herbaceous plants and phytoplankton were estimated and extrapolated over the area of influence in the interfluvial region utilizing a dual-season classification map for wetland habitats developed by Hess et al. (2003). Plant selectivity indexes were devised using the relative contributions of plant groups to fish and invertebrate carbon and nitrogen and the productivity of each plant group in relation to total primary production for the study area. Stomach content analyses demonstrated that the cardinal in the interfluvial region consumes predominantly a mix of microcrustaceans and insect larva; however no seasonal variations were observed. The relative contributions of autotrophic energy sources varied seasonally and spatially, with tree and shrub leaves and emergent herbaceous plants as the principal energy sources for the cardinals from the campos and streams, respectively, during the high water period. In the dry season, the principal energy sources were epiphytic algae for the cardinals from the campos and submerged herbaceous plants for the cardinals from the streams. The selectivity index results showed that the cardinal food chain was preferentially selecting energy from epiphytic algae in all seasons, although the production from this plant group was small in comparison to the flooded forest and herbaceous plants. δ 15 N results indicated that the cardinals were one trophic level above the aquatic invertebrates, who, in turn, were two levels above the plants. Total mercury concentrations in relation to δ 15 N values of shrimp and different fish species showed strong biomagnifications through the food chain. Higher mercury levels were encountered in cardinals from the low water period when production of epiphytic algae and herbaceous plants was highest. The selective incorporation of epiphytic algae and/or submerged herbaceous plants into the tissues of aquatic invertebrates and cardinals could be an important link in the biomagnification of mercury in this food chain. The high mercury levels encountered in cardinals and predators of the cardinal like Cichla sp. in a remote area far removed from anthopogenic mercury inputs shows additional supporting evidence for large, natural-occurring sources of mercury in the Negro River. / Foram investigados os fatores que influenciam a variação espacial e temporal nas fontes autotróficas de energia e o nível trófico do cardinal (Paracheirodon axelrodi) num sistema interfluvial do médio rio Negro. Um objetivo secundário foi investigar a biomagnificação de mercúrio na cadeia alimentar do cardinal e os potenciais mecanismos que controlam este processo. Análises de conteúdo estomacal foram feitas para determinar a dieta desta espécie. O método dos isótopos estáveis de carbono foi utilizado para traçar o carbono orgânico entre as plantas (folhas de árvores/arbustos, herbáceas aquáticas emergentes e submersas, e algas epifíticas e metafíticas flutuantes), invertebrados aquáticos e os peixes. O método dos isótopos estáveis de nitrogênio foi utilizado para indicar o nível trófico do P. axelrodi em relação aos invertebrados aquáticos e às plantas na base da cadeia alimentar. O modelo de mistura de massa IsoSource foi utilizado para determinar as contribuições relativas de energia para os cardinais e invertebrados aquáticos. Concentrações de mercúrio total (THg) das plantas, invertebrados e peixes foram utilizadas com δ 15 N para indicar o nível trófico por meio da biomagnificação do mercúrio ao longo da cadeia trófica. Exemplares de cardinal foram coletados em três igarapés e três campos alagados na região interfluvial durante um período de 12 meses. Amostras de água foram coletadas para medir os sedimentos totais em suspensão (TSS), clorofila e o material orgânico particulado fino (FPOM). Os parâmetros físico-químicos da água (pH, oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura da água) foram medidos em cada ponto de coleta. Foram feitas medidas diárias de cota, temperatura da água e pluviosidade em duas áreas de campo alagado na região interfluvial. A produtividade das algas epifíticas, metafíticas flutuantes, fitoplanctônicas, herbáceas aquáticas emergentes e árvores/arbustos foi estimada e extrapolada utilizando o mapeamento da área alagável e, a classificação dos habitats alagáveis na região interfluvial para as épocas da cheia e seca. Índices de seletividade dos grupos de plantas foram determinados por meio das contribuições relativas de energia para os invertebrados aquáticos e cardinais e a produtividade de cada grupo de plantas em relação à produtividade total na região interfluvial. As análises do conteúdo estomacal demonstraram que o P. axelrodi consome principalmente microcrustáceos e larvas de inseto, com pouca variação sazonal. Na cheia, a floresta foi a principal fonte de energia para os cardinais dos campos, enquanto as herbáceas aquáticas emergentes foram a principal fonte de energia para os cardinais dos igarapés. Na seca, as algas epifíticas foram a maior fonte para os cardinais dos campos, enquanto as herbáceas aquáticas submersas foram a maior fonte para o Paracheirodon dos igarapés. Os índices de seletividade indicaram uma contribuição preferencial das algas epifíticas em relação à produtividade total. As análises de δ 15 N mostraram que esta espécie estava aproximadamente um nível trófico acima dos invertebrados aquáticos e dois níveis acima das plantas. As concentrações de mercúrio total dos juvenis de camarão e peixes, em relação aos valores de δ 15 N mostraram uma forte biomagnificação deste metal entre os níveis tróficos. Foram encontrados elevados níveis de mercúrio nos cardinais no período seco, quando a produção de algas epifíticas e herbáceas aquáticas submersas eram maiores. O consumo seletivo de algas epifíticas e herbáceas aquáticas por juvenis de camarão e outros invertebrados na cadeia trófica do cardinal pode ser um dos principais mecanismos responsáveis pela alta taxa de biomagnificação observada neste estudo. Os altos níveis de mercúrio encontrados no P. axelrodi e seus predadores, como Cichla spp., numa área longe de qualquer fonte antrópica de mercúrio, fornece evidência adicional para a existência de uma grande fonte natural de mercúrio nesta região.