This MCs thesis is part of the Grant Agency of Czech Republic GACR P504/11/1151 The role of plants in bilance of greenhouse gases in Carex fens. The results of this project will serve as a basis for another analyses of greenhouse gases in natural wetland biotops. Growth and morphological changes of Carex acuta were monitored in mesocosm experiment durig the growing seson. Carex acuta has already been the subjekt of numerous studies. The aim of this study is to compare the growth rate of plants C. acuta grown under controlled conditions, simulating different regimes of flooding habitat. Number of shoots and maximum plant height were observed during the growing season. Destructive method has been used to fall aboveground and belowground biomass in autumn. Elevated water levels in the middle of the growing season caused a slowdown in growth in height and the creation of new shoots. Reduced water level of the mid-growing season seemed to faster growth of plants in height. Underground biomass significantly negatively affected by increased water level in the middle of the growing season.

(O gênero Carex L. (Cyperaceae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) - O gênero Carex L. inclui cerca de 2200 espécies distribuídas principalmente em regiões frias e temperadas. Foi realizado o levantamento deste gênero no Rio Grande do Sul com base em coletas, revisão de herbários e de bibliografia. Foram confirmadas para o Estado: C. aureolensis Steud., C. bonariensis Desf., C. brasiliensis A.St.-Hil., C. brongniartii Kunth, C. chilensis Brongn., C. feddeana H. Pfeiff., C. fuscula ssp. catharinensis (Boeck.) Luceño & Alves, C. longii ssp. meridionalis (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. crassiflora (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. moesta (Kunth) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. paraguayensis (Maury) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides Kunth ssp. phalaroides, C. polysticha Boeck., C. purpureovaginata Boeck., C. sellowiana Schltdl., C. seticulmis Boeck., C. sororia Kunth, C. tweediana Nees ex Hooker, C. uruguensis Boeck. e C. vixdentata (Kük.) G.A. Wheeler. É fornecida uma chave analítica para a identificação dos táxons confirmados, bem como descrições, ilustrações e dados sobre distribuição geográfica geral e no Rio Grande do Sul. / (The genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) - The genus Carex L. includes about 2200 species mainly distributed in cold and temperate regions. A survey of the genus Carex in Rio Grande do Sul was carried out based on field collections, revision of herbaria and literature. The following taxa were confirmed to the State: C. aureolensis Steud., C. bonariensis Desf., C. brasiliensis A.St.-Hil., C. brongniartii Kunth, C. chilensis Brongn., C. feddeana H. Pfeiff., C. fuscula D’Urv. ssp. catharinensis (Boeck.) Luceño & Alves, C. longii ssp. meridionalis (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. crassiflora (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. moesta (Kunth) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. paraguayensis (Maury) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides Kunth ssp. phalaroides, C. polysticha Boeck., C. purpureovaginata Boeck., C. sellowiana Schltdl., C. seticulmis Boeck., C. sororia Kunth, C. tweediana Nees ex Hooker, C. uruguensis Boeck. and C. vixdentata (Kük.) G.A. Wheeler. An analytical key to the identification of the confirmed taxa is provided as well as descriptions, illustrations and data on geographical distribution and habitat.

(O gênero Carex L. (Cyperaceae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) - O gênero Carex L. inclui cerca de 2200 espécies distribuídas principalmente em regiões frias e temperadas. Foi realizado o levantamento deste gênero no Rio Grande do Sul com base em coletas, revisão de herbários e de bibliografia. Foram confirmadas para o Estado: C. aureolensis Steud., C. bonariensis Desf., C. brasiliensis A.St.-Hil., C. brongniartii Kunth, C. chilensis Brongn., C. feddeana H. Pfeiff., C. fuscula ssp. catharinensis (Boeck.) Luceño & Alves, C. longii ssp. meridionalis (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. crassiflora (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. moesta (Kunth) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. paraguayensis (Maury) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides Kunth ssp. phalaroides, C. polysticha Boeck., C. purpureovaginata Boeck., C. sellowiana Schltdl., C. seticulmis Boeck., C. sororia Kunth, C. tweediana Nees ex Hooker, C. uruguensis Boeck. e C. vixdentata (Kük.) G.A. Wheeler. É fornecida uma chave analítica para a identificação dos táxons confirmados, bem como descrições, ilustrações e dados sobre distribuição geográfica geral e no Rio Grande do Sul. / (The genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) - The genus Carex L. includes about 2200 species mainly distributed in cold and temperate regions. A survey of the genus Carex in Rio Grande do Sul was carried out based on field collections, revision of herbaria and literature. The following taxa were confirmed to the State: C. aureolensis Steud., C. bonariensis Desf., C. brasiliensis A.St.-Hil., C. brongniartii Kunth, C. chilensis Brongn., C. feddeana H. Pfeiff., C. fuscula D’Urv. ssp. catharinensis (Boeck.) Luceño & Alves, C. longii ssp. meridionalis (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. crassiflora (Kük.) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. moesta (Kunth) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides ssp. paraguayensis (Maury) Luceño & M. Alves, C. phalaroides Kunth ssp. phalaroides, C. polysticha Boeck., C. purpureovaginata Boeck., C. sellowiana Schltdl., C. seticulmis Boeck., C. sororia Kunth, C. tweediana Nees ex Hooker, C. uruguensis Boeck. and C. vixdentata (Kük.) G.A. Wheeler. An analytical key to the identification of the confirmed taxa is provided as well as descriptions, illustrations and data on geographical distribution and habitat.

The MSc thesis is part of the project of Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic entitled Czech Terra, which aims at assessing the carbon budget and cycle in the main types of ecosystems in the Czech Republic. This thesis is focussed on the production of aboveground biomass of Carex acuta, which dominates the unmanaged and permanently flooded part of the Wet Meadows. The seasonal dynamics of aboveground plant production was followed using a series of 9 destructive harvests during the vegetation season. On each date, four 0.5x0.5m2 samples were taken from the wetter, and four samples from the drier part of the stand. The maximum value of live biomass of C. acuta (550.8 g.m-2) was recorded on 13.6 2008. The highest value of live biomass of all species reached 602.4 g.m-2. The maximum total biomass (without litter) reached 994.6 g. m-2. The highest value of productivity of C. acuta (12.46 g.m-2.day-1) was recorded on 24. 5.

This MSc thesis is part of the project GACR 526/09/1545 Importance of newly assimilated carbon for the plant-soil interactions in wet grassland ecosystems in varying environmental conditions, which focuses on the effects of eutrophication on selected wet meadows with mineral or organic soil in the Trebon Biosphere Reserve. The results of this project will serve as a basis for developing a suitable ecosystem management for wet meadows, especially for sites registered as nature reserves. Pot experiments were carried out with Carex acuta, a dominant species of wet meadows that has already been subject of many studies. The aim of this work was to find out how C. acuta responds to different levels of fertilization and soil flooding under controlled conditions. The growth of the generative shoots of C. acuta was significantly affected by fertilization. The growth of vegetative shoots was significantly influenced by the soil organic matter content and fertilizer addition. The vegetative shoots reached greater length than the generative shoots. The pot experiment indicates that fertilization has not a large influence on the growth of C. acuta. This finding may explain field observations that C. acuta is gradually replaced in eutrophic habitats by stronger competitors, especially Phalaris arundinacea.

This thesis is an extension of my Bc. thesis. Based upon previously conducted research in a wet grassland, Mokré Louky, near Třeboň, Czech Republic, a mesocosm experiment was designed for investigating the effect of two nutrient regimes (non fertilized / fertilized) and three flooding regimes (saturated / spring flood / flooded) on Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea plants to determine the effect of management type for restoring a more diverse wet meadows system.

The severity of stratospheric ozone depletion in the temperate and polar latitudes has raised concerns about the sensitivity of terrestrial vegetation and ecosystems to solar ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation. This dissertation examined the responses of plants and microbes to solar UV-B for 3 years in Tierra de! Fuego, Argentina (55° S). This region is under the influence of the Antarctic "ozone hole" during the austral spring. Additionally, a quantitative review of the UV-B literature was conducted using a set of statistical techniques known as meta-analysis. For the field studies in Tierra de! Fuego, plots were established in a Sphagnum moss peatland and a Carexsedge fen during the spring of 1996. These plots received either near-ambient solar UV-B (90% of ambient) or reduced UV-B (20% of ambient) using specially designed plastic films. At the end of the first field season, no effects of the solar UV-B treatments were apparent on the growth and pigmentation of the plant species in either community The height growth of the moss Sphagnum mageffanicum was less under near-ambient solar UV-B than reduced UV-B during the second and third growing seasons. In contrast, volumetric density of the moss was greater under nearambient UV-B. The growth of the vascular plants did not respond to the solar UV-B treatments even after 3 years although UV-B-absorbing compounds were greater under near-ambient UV-B in some species. Populations of testate amoebae (i.e., shelled amoebae) inhabiting S. magellanicum had greater numbers under near-ambient UV-B than reduced UV-B throughout the 3 years. This response may be an indirect effect of solar UV-B mediated by the direct effect of UV-Bon S. mageffanicum height growth. Fungi on the leaf surfaces of the tree Nothojagus antarctica appeared to be directly inhibited by solar UV-B. The quantitative literature review of plant field studies simulating stratospheric ozone depletion assessed the effects of elevated UV-B on 10 plant response variables from papers published between 1976 and mid-1999. Modest significant inhibitions of leaf area, aboveground biomass, and plant height were apparent due to increased UV-B using meta-analysis. An increase in UV-B-absorbing compounds appears to be the most robust general response to increased UV-B radiation.

No description available.

Tungmetallförorenat vatten har ansetts vara ett av de största globala miljöproblemen och att hitta en hållbar miljövänlig lösning är en stor utmaning. Många glasbruk i södra Sverige fortsätter att vara källor för metallföroreningar. Växtbaserade flytande våtmarker (FTW) är en relativ ny och miljövänlig metod för att rena metallförorenade vatten. FTW med hundstarr (Carex nigra) och strandlysing (Lysimachia vulgaris) installerades i Ljungbyån nedströms Orrefors och i Kalmar Dämme i maj och hämtades efter 8 veckor. Halterna av arsenik, bly, kadmium, koppar och zink i växter, ytvatten och sediment analyserades med Inductively coupled sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Halterna av bly (2,42 µg/l), kadmium (0,017 µg/l) och zink (4,93 µg/l) var högre i Ljungbyåns vatten medan högst halter av arsenik (0,77 µg/l) och koppar (9,64 µg/l) fanns i Kalmar Dämme. Ljungbyåns sediment innehöll högre halter av samtliga metaller jämfört med Kalmar Dämme. Strandlysing hade kortare rötter, lägre biomassan och förhöjt förhållande torrvikt: färskvikt i Ljungbyån jämfört med Kalmar Dämme medan tillväxten hos hundstarr inte var negativt påverkad i Ljungbyån. Hundstarr tenderade att ackumulera mer av metallerna med undantag av kadmium i Ljungbyån medan strandlysing tenderade att ackumulera mer av metallerna med undantag av bly i Kalmar Dämme. Nettoackumulering och translokering av kadmium skiljde mellan arterna (27% och 22% för hundstarr jämfört med 7% och 4% för strandlysing) medan nettoackumulering och translokering för bly skiljde mellan vattendragen (76% och 43% för Ljungbyån jämfört med 10% och 12% för Kalmar Dämme). Translokering var störst för den metall som hade högst vattenhalt medan vilken metall som translokerades minst skiljde mellan växterna. Fallstudien indikerar att fytoremediering med flytande våtmarker kan vara ett intressant miljövänligt alternativ för sanering av lokala vattendrag. / Heavy metal contaminated water has been recognised as one of the major global environmental problems and finding a sustainable environmentally friendly solution is a major challenge. Many glassworks in southern Sweden continue to be sources of metal pollution. Plant-based floating treatment wetlands (FTW) are a relatively new and environmentally friendly method to treat metal contaminated water. FTWs with Carex nigra and Lysimachia vulgaris were installed in Ljungbyån downstream of Orrefors glassworks and in Kalmar Dämme in May, 2023 and retrieved after 8 weeks. The concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in plants, surface water and sediment were analysed by inductively Coupled Plasma Sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). The levels of lead (2,42 µg/l), cadmium (0,017 µg/l) and zink (4,93 µg/l) were higher in Ljungbyån, while the highest levels of arsenic (0,77 µg/l) and copper (9,64 µg/l) were found in Kalmar Dämme. Sediment from Ljungbyån contained higher concentrations of all metals compared to Kalmar Dämme.  L. vulgaris had shorter roots, lower biomass and an elevated dry weight: fresh weight ratio in Ljungbyån compared to Kalmar Dämme, while the growth of C. nigra was not negatively affected in Ljungbyån. C. nigra tended to accumulate more of the metals except for cadmium in Ljungbyån, while L. vulgaris tended to accumulate more of the metals except for lead in Kalmar Dämme. Net accumulation and translocation of cadmium differed between species (27% and 22% in C. nigra compared to 7% and 4% in L. vulgaris) whilst net accumulation and translocation of lead differed between sites (76% and 43% in Ljungbyån compared to 10% and 12% in Kalmar Dämme). Translocation was greatest for the metal with the highest water concentration while the least translocated metal differed between plants. The study indicates that phytoremediation with FTW may be an economic and sustainable potential option for the remediation of water bodies in a eco-friendly ways.

No description available.