The intent of this study was to determine what students perceive as caring behaviors in teachers, whether those views match teachers’ perceptions, whether these vary depending on students’ academic track, and whether teachers are observed to exhibit the behaviors identified by their students as indicative of caring. Eighty-two majority Hispanic high school students and eight teachers completed a four-section survey about caring behavior. These teachers and students were also observed four times in the classroom. The survey contained Likert scale and open-ended questions about teachers’ caring behaviors. It also probed how the students’ own teachers interacted with them daily in the classroom and their personal open-ended opinion about how teachers show that they care or do not care about them. Two groups were studied, specifically Advanced Placement (AP) and Regular students, to find out whether academic placement caused students’ to categorize caring behaviors of teachers differently. Results of the study indicated a significant difference in AP and Regular students’ attitudes about how teachers treat them. Teachers’ perceptions were also compared to students’ perception and differences were found. Differences included how often teachers interact in one-on-one conversations about certain issues with students, such as the need to complete homework assignments. Within these conversations some issues were reported to occur more frequently by teachers than students. On other issues, like disrupting class, there was agreement, but only for specific teachers and subjects. In addition, STEM and non-STEM classes were investigated and it was discovered that these students responded differently about the frequency with which their teachers had conversations with them about specific issues. Differences included disrupting class, not completing assignments, interests and things that are important to students, and plans for college and work. Observations made by this researcher further support the idea that there is similarity in how students define caring behaviors, but what behaviors they experience, like assisting in homework or listening to personal needs, is different. Although trends observed in this study are suggestive, more research is required to support the idea that academic placement and subject make a difference in students’ experiences of caring behaviors in teachers. / text

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Caring relationships established between nurse managers and staff nurses promote positive work environments. However, research about staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring behaviors is limited. A 94-item Caring Assessment Tool-Administration (CAT-adm©) was developed to measure staff nurses' perceptions of nurse managers' caring behaviors; however, it lacked robust psychometric testing. This study was undertaken to establish the CAT-adm© survey as a reliable and valid tool to measure staff nurses' perceptions of nurse managers' caring behaviors. The Quality-Caring Model® (QCM®) served as the theoretical framework. Specific aims were to 1) evaluate construct validity of the CAT-adm© survey by describing factors that account for variance in staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring, 2) estimate internal consistency, and 3) conduct item reduction analysis. Four research questions were: 1) Will the factor structure of observed data fit an 8-factor solution? 2) What is the internal consistency reliability of the CAT- adm©? 3) What items can be reduced while maintaining an acceptable factor structure? and 4) What are staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring behaviors? A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A sample of 703 staff nurses from Midwestern, Midatlantic and Southern Regions of the U.S. completed the CAT-adm© survey electronically. Analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), univariate analysis, and descriptive statistics. CFA did not support an 8-factor solution. EFA supported a two-factor solution and demonstrated significant shared variance between the two factors. This shared variance supported a one-factor solution that could conceptually be labeled Caring Behaviors. Random selection reduced the scale to 25-items while maintaining a Cronbach's Alpha of .98. Using the new 25-item scale, the composite score mean of staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring behaviors indicated a moderately high level of caring. Suggestions for nursing administration, nurse manager practice, leadership, education and for future research were given. The new 25-item CAT-adm© survey has acceptable reliability and validity. The 25-item CAT-adm© survey provides hospital administrators, nurse managers, and researchers with an instrument to collect valuable information about the caring behaviors used by nurse managers in relationship with staff nurses.

In hierdie beskrywende studie is die belang van sorg in verpleegbestuur ondersoek. Die Nyberg Caring Assessment Scale (Nyberg 1989) is benut om die data in te samel. Die doel van die studie was om die sienings van verpleegbestuurders en die ervarings van verpleegkundiges betreffende sorgkonsepte te bepaal. Die data is deur middel van vraelyste by private hospitale in Pretoria ingesamel. Die data-analise het getoon dat verpleegbestuurders en verpleegkundiges sorg as belangrik in verpleegbestuur beskou. Daar is verskille betreffende die sienings van verpleegbestuurders en die ervarings van verpleegkundiges aangaande sorg in verpleegbestuur waargeneem. Dit blyk dat verpleegbestuurders en verpleegkundiges 'n behoefte aan opleiding betreffende sorg in verpleegbestuur benodig en 'n kort kursus is ontwerp om hierdie behoeftes aan te spreek / In this study the importance of caring in nursing management was researched. The Nyberg Caring Assessment Scale (Nyberg 1989) was used to collect data. The purpose of the study was to investigate viewpoints of nurse managers and experiences of nurses regarding caring concepts. The data was collected by means of questionnaires at private hospitals in Pretoria. It was clear from the data analysis that nurse managers and nurses regard caring important in nursing management. Perceptions of nurse managers and the experiences of nurses on caring in nursing management, differ. It was clear that nurse managers and nurses experience a need for training with regard to caring in nursing management and a short coarse was design to address the need / Health Studies / M.A. (Verpleegkunde)

In hierdie beskrywende studie is die belang van sorg in verpleegbestuur ondersoek. Die Nyberg Caring Assessment Scale (Nyberg 1989) is benut om die data in te samel. Die doel van die studie was om die sienings van verpleegbestuurders en die ervarings van verpleegkundiges betreffende sorgkonsepte te bepaal. Die data is deur middel van vraelyste by private hospitale in Pretoria ingesamel. Die data-analise het getoon dat verpleegbestuurders en verpleegkundiges sorg as belangrik in verpleegbestuur beskou. Daar is verskille betreffende die sienings van verpleegbestuurders en die ervarings van verpleegkundiges aangaande sorg in verpleegbestuur waargeneem. Dit blyk dat verpleegbestuurders en verpleegkundiges 'n behoefte aan opleiding betreffende sorg in verpleegbestuur benodig en 'n kort kursus is ontwerp om hierdie behoeftes aan te spreek / In this study the importance of caring in nursing management was researched. The Nyberg Caring Assessment Scale (Nyberg 1989) was used to collect data. The purpose of the study was to investigate viewpoints of nurse managers and experiences of nurses regarding caring concepts. The data was collected by means of questionnaires at private hospitals in Pretoria. It was clear from the data analysis that nurse managers and nurses regard caring important in nursing management. Perceptions of nurse managers and the experiences of nurses on caring in nursing management, differ. It was clear that nurse managers and nurses experience a need for training with regard to caring in nursing management and a short coarse was design to address the need / Health Studies / M.A. (Verpleegkunde)

Plusieurs écrits scientifiques ont mentionné que les pratiques humanistes-caring en formation infirmière sont avantageuses pour les personnes étudiantes. En effet, les pratiques humanistes-caring professorales créent les conditions qui favorisent les apprentissages. Des études ont rapporté la perspective de la clientèle étudiante témoignant des bienfaits des pratiques humanistes-caring de professeurs. Elles constituent une piste de solution pouvant réduire la déshumanisation dans les milieux académiques d’enseignement et d’apprentissages des soins infirmiers. Mais à la connaissance de l’étudiant-chercheur, aucune étude issue de la discipline infirmière ne s’est intéressée à la compréhension de la signification des pratiques humanistes-caring de professeurs, de même qu’aux contributions de celles-ci à l’égard de la personne étudiante. Inspirée par l’humanisme et le caring comme philosophie, le Modèle humaniste des soins infirmiers-Université de Montréal (Cara et al., 2016) a été retenu comme perspective disciplinaire de la présente étude. Cette dernière avait pour but d’explorer et comprendre, auprès de professeurs, la signification de leurs pratiques humanistes-caring, de même que leurs perceptions quant aux contributions de celles-ci au développement des apprentissages de la personne étudiante en formation infirmière. Pour ce faire, huit entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de professeurs dans une université québécoise. Les données recueillies ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode phénoménologique de Giorgi (1997). Le processus d’analyse a permis l’émergence de sept thèmes. Parmi ces thèmes, quatre se rapportent à la signification des pratiques humanistes-caring de professeurs (première question de recherche), à savoir : 1) valeurs humanistes-caring comme fondement du rôle professoral, 2) attitudes humanistes-caring de professeurs envers la personne étudiante, 3) comportements humanistes-caring de professeurs envers la personne étudiante et, 4) conditions contextuelles des pratiques humanistes-caring des professeurs. Finalement, les trois derniers thèmes documentent la contribution des pratiques humanistes-caring à l’égard de la personne étudiante (deuxième question de recherche), à savoir : 1) épanouissement de la personne étudiante, 2) succès académique de la personne étudiante, 3) sentiment d’accomplissement professoral. L’ensemble des sept thèmes a favorisé l’émergence de la structure essentielle du phénomène investigué qui s’intitule « influencées par des conditions contextuelles, les pratiques professorales empreintes de valeurs, d’attitudes et de comportements humanistes-caring favorisent l’épanouissement et le succès académique de la personne étudiante, de même que l’accomplissement professoral ». La présente étude s’est révélée innovante puisque les résultats constituent de précieuses données pour les connaissances en sciences infirmières. Ces résultats peuvent être utilisés pour créer ou maintenir un environnement favorable aux enseignements et aux apprentissages dans les milieux de formation infirmière. De même, les milieux cliniques de soins peuvent les utiliser en vue d’améliorer la qualité du suivi auprès des personnes étudiantes en stage. Enfin, ces résultats peuvent susciter l’intérêt de réaliser d’autres recherches subséquentes et ce, dans d’autres milieux académiques en formation infirmière. Mots-clés : Pratiques humanistes-caring, Modèle Humaniste-Caring, formation infirmière, professeur, étudiant infirmier, méthode phénoménologique, valeurs humanistes-caring, attitudes humanistes-caring, comportements humanistes-caring. / A number of scientific studies have shown that humanistic-caring practices in nursing education are beneficial for students. In fact, humanistic-caring professorial practices create conditions that promote learning. Studies have reported on the benefits of professors’ humanistic-caring practices from the perspective of students. They constitute a possible solution that can reduce dehumanization in academic nursing teaching and learning environments. However, to the best of the student-researcher's knowledge, no study within the nursing discipline has focused on understanding the professors’ meaning of their humanistic-caring practices, as well as their contributions for students. Inspired by humanistic and caring philosophies, the Humanistic Model of Nursing Care-Université de Montréal (Cara et al., 2016) was chosen as the disciplinary perspective for this study. The purpose of this research was to explore and understand professors’ meaning of their humanistic-caring practices, as well as their perceptions of the contributions of these practices to the development of nursing students’ learning. To this end, eight interviews were conducted with professors working in a Quebec university. The data collected were analyzed using Giorgi’s (1997) phenomenological method. The analysis process revealed seven themes. Four of these themes relate to the meaning of professors’ humanistic-caring practices (first research question), namely: 1) humanistic-caring values as the foundation of the professorial role, 2) professors’ humanistic-caring attitudes towards the student, 3) professors’ humanistic-caring behaviours towards the student and, 4) contextual conditions of professors’ humanistic-caring practices. The other three themes correspond to the contribution of humanistic-caring practices towards the student (second research question), explicitly: 1) student self-fulfillment, 2) student academic success and, finally, 3) sense of professorial accomplishment. Together, the seven themes led to the emergence of the essential structure of the investigated phenomenon: "Influenced by contextual conditions, professorial practices imbued with humanistic-caring values, attitudes and behaviours foster students’ self-fulfillment and academic success, as well as professorial accomplishment". The present study proved to be innovative since its results constitute valuable data for nursing knowledge. These results can be used to create or maintain an environment conducive to teaching and learning in nursing training environments. Clinical care settings can use them to improve the quality of the follow-up offered to students during their internship. Finally, these results may spark the interest in carrying out subsequent research, elsewhere in other academic settings in nursing education. Keywords: Humanistic-caring practices, Humanist-Caring Model, nursing education, professor, nursing student, phenomenological method, humanistic-caring values, humanistic-caring attitudes, humanistic-caring behaviors.