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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos do carlavírus Cowpea mild mottle virus em cultivares de soja /

Silva, Felipe Barreto da. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Renate Krause Sakate / Coorientador: Cristiane Müller / Banca: Marcelo Agenor Pavan / Banca: Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende / Resumo: Doenças causadas por vírus são importantes fatores contrários a produção de soja. Entre elas, a doença da necrose da haste causada pelo Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) e transmitida pela mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci já foi observada em todas as principais regiões produtoras de soja do Brasil e a queima do broto (Tobacco streak virus - TSV) que têm ocorrência mais restrita nas regiões dos Estados do Paraná e de São Paulo. Os impactos causados por ambas doenças à sojicultura brasileira ainda são desconhecidos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do CPMMV nas cultivares de soja mais utilizadas nas principais áreas produtoras da região sudeste e centro-oeste do Brasil e avaliar, por sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS) a ocorrência de vírus em uma área comercial de soja na região de Mogi Mirim. Para avaliar os efeitos do CPMMV em cultivares de soja, os experimentos foram conduzidos durante a safra 2017/2018 em quatro regiões: Botucatu e Mogi Mirim no estado de São Paulo, Pedra Preta no estado do Mato Grosso e Planaltina no Distrito Federal. O delineamento experimental foi feito em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos: plantas infectadas artificialmente com CPMMV e plantas sadias, e cinco repetições. As parcelas compreenderam 6 linhas (5 m), 0,45 m entre linhas e uma média de 14 plantas por metro. Seis cultivares comerciais foram utilizadas e distribuídas de acordo com a frequência que elas são utilizadas nessas regiões. Para a infecção arti... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Diseases caused by virus are important constraints to soybean production. Among then, stem necrosis caused by Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) a whitefly-Bemisia tabaci transmitted were observed in all the main soybean producer areas in Brazil and the bud blight (Tobacco streak virus - TSV) occurs strictly in regions Parana and Sao Paulo States. The impacts caused by both diseases on soybean production are still unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of CPMMV on the major soybean cultivars used in the main growing areas of the Southern and the Midwestern regions of Brazil, and evaluate through next generation sequencing (NGS) the presence of virus in a commercial field of soybean in Mogi Mirim County. To evaluate the effects of CPMMV in soybean cultivars, the experiments were conducted during the 2017/2018 season in four regions: Botucatu and Mogi Mirim Counties, in the state of Sao Paulo, Pedra Petra County in the state of Mato Grosso and in Planaltina County, in the Federal District. The experimental design was completely randomised, with two treatments (plants infected by sap transmission and healthy plants) with five replications. The plot was comprised of six rows (5m), 0.45 m between rows and an average of 14 plants per meter. Six commercial cultivars were used and distributed according to the frequency that they are planted in those regions. For the field inoculation, the virus was readily sap-transmitted in soybean plants 30 d after sowing using infected leaves ground in phosphate buffer 0.01 M, pH 7, using approximately two hundred soybean plants per plot. The presence of the virus was detected by RT-PCR using primers specific for CPMMV. Plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, 1.000-grain weight and grain yield were evaluated during harvest time. Although some cultivars tested presented asymptomatic infection for the virus, CPMMV reduced significantly ... / Mestre
2

Transmissão de vírus pelas espécies crípticas de Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean e Middle East-Asia Minor 1 /

Bello, Vinicius Henrique, 1992. January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Renate Krause-Sakate / Coorientador: Julio Massaharu Marubayashi / Banca: Marcelo Agenor Pavan / Banca: Valdir Atsushi Yuki / Resumo: A mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) é uma das mais importantes pragas e, além disso, é vetora de vírus de plantas. B. tabaci é comumente classificada como um complexo de espécies crípticas, das quais se destacam as duas espécies invasivas, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), predominante no Brasil, e a espécie Mediterranean (MED), recentemente detectada no país. Para a espécie MED se desconhece sua habilidade na transmissão de vírus encontrados no Brasil. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de transmissão do carlavírus Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV); do crinivírus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) e dos begomovírus Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) e Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). Para aquisição do vírus pela espécie MED e MEAM1, o período de acesso de aquisição (PAA) e o período de acesso de inoculação (PAI) foram de 24h no escuro a 30°C, utilizando-se dez insetos por planta testada. Os ensaios de transmissão demonstram que a população da espécie MED abrigando 97 % de Hamiltonella, 33 % de Rickettsia e 12 % de Arsenophonus de endossibiontes secundários, denominada de MED2, transmitiu o BGMV e o CpMMV com 100 % de eficiência, enquanto que a população de MED ( MED1) contendo 14 % de Hamiltonella e 29 % de Rickettsia transmitiu o BGMV e o CpMMV com 56,6 % e 53,3 % de eficiência, respectivamente. Comparativamente a espécie MEAM1 com 98 % deHamiltonella e 91 % de Rickettsia transmitiu o BGMV e o CpMMV com 90% de eficiênci... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important agriculture pests and also is a virus vector. B. tabaci is considered a complex of criptic species, and Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, formerly known as biotype B) and Mediterranean (MED, biotype Q), are highlighted as the most invasive in world. The ability of MED species, to transmit Brazilian viruses was investigated in this work. The transmission of the carlavirus Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV), the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and the begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) was tested by MEAM1 and MED, comparatively. The acquisition access period (AAP) and the inoculation access peiod (IAP) used were of 24h, in the dark conditions at 30°C, using 10 insects per plant tested. The transmission assays demonstred that the population of the MED speciesthat harbor 97 % of Hamiltonella, 33 % of Rickettsia and 12 % of Arsenophonus secondary endosymbionts, denominated MED2, transmitted the BGMV and the CpMMV with 100 % efficiency, while the MED (MED1) population with 14 % of Hamiltonella and 29 % of Rickettsia transmitted the BGMV and the CpMMV with 56,6 % and 53,3 % efficiency, respectively. Comparatively, the MEAM1 species with 98 % ofHamiltonella and 91 % of Rickettsia transmitted the BGMV and the CpMMV with 90% of efficacy.In relation to the ToSRV, both MED populations tested transmitted this begomovirus with 83,3 % efficiency, while the MEAM1 species transmitted with 80 % efficiency. The crinivirus ToCV was transmitted by MED1 and MED2 with 93,3 % and 83,3 % efficiency, respectively, and with 80% efficiency by MEAM1. The transmission assays showed that the Mediterranean species, detected recently in Brazil, is an excelent vector of the whitefly transmitted viruses found in Brazil. / Mestre
3

New insights of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infection in soybean: the involvement of viral replicase in symptoms induction and its interaction with host factors / Novas descobertas sobre a infecção do Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) em soja: o envolvimento da replicase viral na indução de sintomas e sua interação com fatores do hospedeiro

Zanardo, Larissa Goulart 16 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-09-01T11:36:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 9707476 bytes, checksum: a565c0a06a8c635b67e72e452cff1bff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T11:36:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 9707476 bytes, checksum: a565c0a06a8c635b67e72e452cff1bff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV, família Betaflexiviridade e gênero Carlavirus) é um vírus emergente no Brasil. O vírus é transmitido pela mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci e infecta hospedeiros preferencialmente da família Fabaceae, sendo encontrado em diferentes culturas em quase todos os continentes do mundo. Nesse trabalho, vários aspectos da biologia e genética do CPMMV foram discutidos e a relação CPMMV- hospedeiro foi explorada. O CPMMV causa sintomas muito variados em plantas campo e em casa de vegetação. A natureza dessa variação de sintomas foi determinada nesse trabalho utilizando-se inoculações sucessivas de um isolado de CPMMV brasileiro causador de necrose na cultivar de soja CD206. As inoculações sucessivas levaram o isolado que antes causava necrose a induzir sintomas brandos (mosaicos e clareamento de nervuras). Isso foi verificado após seis inoculações sucessivas de uma amostra vegetal de soja proveniente do campo e também a partir do isolado viral oriundo de uma lesão local, e submetido, portanto a um gargalo genético, em folhas de Nicotiana benthamiana. A alteração do padrão de sintomas aumentou adaptabilidade do vírus e vetor, sugerindo que a indução de diferentes sintomas pelos variantes virais é uma vantagem adaptativa. A região viral envolvida na indução de sintomas pelo CPMMV foi a replicase viral (codificada pela ORF1) e diferentes sítios distribuídos ao longo de blocos recombinantes da ORF1 foram associados às alterações do fenótipo. Nesse trabalho, também se buscou compreender um aspectos da replicação do CPMMV em soja, identificando-se fatores necessários à replicação. Até o momento tudo que se sabia sobre a replicação dos betaflexivírus é que ela ocorria no citoplasma. Nenhum fator do hospedeiro era conhecido. Aqui foram identificadas duas proteínas do hospedeiro capazes de interagir com o domínio RNA polimerase dependente de RNA (RdRp) a partir de uma biblioteca de cDNA de soja construída em vetor de duplo-híbrido de leveduras. Para a construção da biblioteca foram utilizadas plantas de soja cv. CD206 com infecção pelo CPMMV após 0, 3, 7 e 14 dias de inoculação. As proteínas identificadas foram: a ERD4 tipo CSC1 (GmERD4) e uma inositol metiltransferase (GmIMT). A interação foi confirmada por ensaios de duplo-híbrido de leveduras e por ensaios de complementação de fluorescência bimolecular (BiFC). A predição e a localização subcelular de ambas as proteínas e do domínio RdRp também foram realizados. GmERD4 localizou-se no retículo endoplasmático (RE) e GmIMT apresentou localização citoplasmática, enquanto o domínio RdRp induziu estruturas pontuais na membrana plasmática e sobre a rede do RE. A análise da expressão de ambos os genes em plantas de soja infectadas com o CPMMV, demonstrou que eles foram induzidos após 3 e 7 dias da inoculação. A superexpressão de GmERD4 e GmIMT foi realizada em protoplastos de soja infectados com o CPMMV e foi verificado que a superexpressão de GmERD4 aumentou o acúmulo viral após 7 dias de infecção. A replicase viral está envolvida em diferentes processos da infecção viral, atuando não apenas na replicação dos genomas, mas também na indução de sintomas. Isso reforça a natureza multifuncional das proteínas virais. / Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV, family Betaflexiviridae and genus Carlavirus) is an emerging virus in Brazil. The virus is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and it infects hosts preferentially of Fabaceae family, being found in different crops in almost all the continents in the world. In this work, several aspects about biology and genetics of CPMMV were dicussed and the CPMMV-host relationship was explored. CPMMV causes varied symptoms in plants in the fields and in greenhouse. The nature of this symptoms variation was determinate in this work using successive inoculations of a CPMMV Brazilian isolate causing necrosis in the CD206 soybean cultivar. Successive inoculations led to the isolate, which previously had caused necrosis to induce mild symptoms (mosaic and vein clearing). This was verified after six successive inoculations of a soybean sample from the field and also from a local lesion of a viral isolate, and thus submitted to a genetic bottleneck, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We have shown that altering of symptoms pattern increased the fitness of the virus and vector, suggesting that the induction of different symptoms by viral variants is an adaptive advantage. The viral region involved in the induction of CPMMV symptoms was viral replicase (encoded by ORF1), different sites distributed throughout the recombinant blocks of ORF1 were associated with phenotype changes. In this work, also shought to the understanding about the replication of CPMMV in soybean identifying factors necessary for replication. To date, all that has been known about betaflexiviruses’s replication is that it occurs in the cytoplasm. None host factor was known. Here, two host proteins able to interact with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain (RdRp) from a yeast two-hybrid vector-constructed soybean cDNA library were indentifyed. For the library construction, soybean plants cv. CD206 with CPMMV infection after 0, 3, 7 and 14 days of inoculation were used. The proteins identified were: the CSC1 type ERD4 (GmERD4) and an inositol methyltransferase (GmIMT). The interaction was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assays and by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assays. Prediction and subcellular localization of both proteins and the RdRp domain were also performed. GmERD4 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), GmIMT presented cytoplasmic location while the RdRp domain induced punctual structures in the plasma membrane and on the ER network. Analysis of the expression of both genes in soybean plants infected with CPMMV demonstrated that the they were induced after 3 and 7 days of inoculation. Overexpression of GmERD4 and GmIMT was performed on soybean protoplasts infected with CPMMV and it was found that overexpression of GmERD4 increased viral accumulation after 7 days of infection. Viral replicase is involved in different viral infection processes, acting not only on genome replication, but also on the induction of symptoms. This reinforces the multifunctional nature of viral proteins.
4

Expressão, purificação e caracterização da proteína capsidial de Cowpea mild mottle virus e suas aplicações na detecção viral / Expression, purification and characterization of the capsid protein of Cowpea mild mottle virus and its application in virus detection.

Carvalho, Silvia Leão de 10 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1056837 bytes, checksum: 147af3aea5c0fd4d6961921a210a152c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV), the causal agent of stem necrosis disease, has drawn attention of soybean producers in recent years due to productivity losses in the main producing regions of Brazil. The disease was first recorded in the Midwest region of Brazil in the 2000/01 soybean season and rapidly spread throughout the country in the following years. CpMMV is usually hard to diagnose due to its wide range of symptoms while the occurrence of asymptomatic soybean cultivars complicates genotypic selection in breeding programs. Serological methods for viral detection require the use of an antiserum of good quality to achieve specificity and sensitivity. The entire coat protein sequence of a Brazilian CpMMV isolate was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21::DE3 for in vitro expression. The coat protein, fused to a 6 His-tag, was purified under denaturing conditions by affinity chromatography using a Ni-NTA resin. After renaturation, the integrity and identity of purified recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-Page and MALDI-ToF/Tof mass spectrometer analyses. New Zealand rabbits were immunized with increasing amounts of the recombinant protein. The specificity and sensitivity of the antisera was shown by Western blot and indirect ELISA assays. The polyclonal antisera raised against recombinant coat protein proved to be a reliable tool for CpMMV detection. / O Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV), agente causal da necrose da haste, tem chamado a atenção dos produtores de soja nos últimos anos devido às perdas de produtividade geradas nas principais regiões produtoras do Brasil. A doença foi relatada pela primeira vez na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, na safra de 2000/01, e rapidamente se espalhou por todo o país nos anos seguintes. Além disso, tem sido relatada a ocorrência de cultivares de soja assintomáticas, o que dificulta a seleção de genótipos para programas de melhoramento. Os métodos sorológicos para a detecção viral requerem o uso de um antissoro de boa qualidade para alcançar especificidade e sensibilidade. A sequência completa da capa proteica de um isolado brasileiro de CpMMV (Bahia) foi clonado em um vetor de expressão bacteriano e transformado em Escherichia coli BL21: DE3 para expressão in vitro. A proteína capsidial ligada a uma cauda de histidina foi purificada sob condições desnaturantes através de cromatografia de afinidade, utilizando uma resina Ni-NTA. Depois da renaturação, a integridade e a identidade da proteína recombinante purificada foi confirmada por SDS-PAGE e análise de espectrometria de massa (MALDI-ToF/ToF). Dois coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram imunizados com quantidades crescentes da proteína recombinante. A especificidade e sensibilidade do antissoro foram avaliadas por Western blot e ELISA indireto. O antissoro policlonal a partir da proteína recombinante da capa proteica provou ser uma ferramenta confiável e eficiente para a detecção CpMMV.
5

Identifikace a sekvenování genomu nového viru infikujícího vojtěšku / Identification and sequencing genom of a new virus infecting lucerne

BEČKOVÁ, Martina January 2010 (has links)
Samples of lucerne plants characteristic with local necrosic lesions, leave malformation and yellow spots on leaves were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Virus particles observed there were filamentous ones of 600 to 700 nm long. Nucleic acid was isolated, transcribed and amplified using PCR. Genus-specific primers were designed based on reverse genetics from the highly conserved genes for carlaviruses, potexviruses and potyviruses. Successful amplification with carlavirus-specific primers, sequencing and comparison with sequences in GenBank database revealed presence of a carlavirus. This was later identified by nucleotide sequence comparison as a new isolate V4 of Alfalfa latent virus. Specific primers for isolate V4 were designed in a coat protein position. Half of the genom of this virus was obtained with PCR and PCR modified amplifications and compared with sequences of Alfalfa latent virus and Pea streak virus from GenBank.
6

Detekce a identifikace virů pomocí sekvenování nové generace (NGS)

PODRÁBSKÁ, Kateřina January 2017 (has links)
Next generation sequencing is a modern method applied in plant virology for sensitive detection of previously characterized and novel pathogens without any preceding knowledge of them. In this study three novel and two already described viruses were detected by de novo assembly of Illumina single-end reads ( Hi-Seq 2500 system) from total poly(A) enriched RNA of diseased red clover (Trifolium pratense) and indicator plant (Nicotiana occidentalis 37B). The complete genomic sequence of novel Red clover carlavirus A (RCCA) was determined from Illumina reads, 5´, 3´ RACE, cloning, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The presence of RCCV was also confirmed in mechanically inoculated tobacco plant.

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