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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metaloproteinases de matriz e incorporação de colesterol na lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) na doença carotídea / Metaloproteinases de matriz e incorporação de colesterol na lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) na doença carotídea

Fonseca, Álvaro Luís Muller da January 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-07-25T20:34:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Álvaro Muller Fonseca Metalproteinases de matriz ....pdf: 1576543 bytes, checksum: 1b7e449100cfc108394e10affc589234 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-25T20:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Álvaro Muller Fonseca Metalproteinases de matriz ....pdf: 1576543 bytes, checksum: 1b7e449100cfc108394e10affc589234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / As doenças cardiovasculares são a maior causa de morbimortalidade nos países emergentes, consistindo em doença arterial central, cerebral e periférica, em especial, a coronária e a carotídea. Dentre os diversos fatores e marcadores de risco que atuam no desenvolvimento e no agravo dessas doenças, encontram-se os relacionados com a aterosclerose. Este estudo avaliou a concentração sérica e a atividade de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP-1, 2, 8, 9 e 12), a incorporação de colesterol livre na HDL, a atividade da paraoxonase e associação com outros fatores em pacientes com doença carotídea aterosclerótica. Métodos. Este estudo de corte transversal avaliou, em população de 65 indivíduos portadores (32) e não (34) de DCA (doença carotídea aterosclerótica), determinada por ecografia vascular com doppler, ambos os sexos, idade média de 51,1 (± 6,7) anos, a existência de diferenças entre de fatores associados à aterogênese, sua relação com o remodelamento do endotélio vascular e transporte reverso do colesterol. Foram padronizados e utilizados métodos com marcadores isotópicos, ELISA e zimografia por SDS-PAGE para determinação, identificação e verificação da atividade proteolítica. Resultados. Foi constatado que as amostras de soro dos pacientes portadores de DCA incorporaram menos colesterol livre triciado (CL-3H) quando comparados aos pacientes NDCA (não portadores de DCA) e, também, que os índices e demais parâmetros de avaliação do metabolismo lipídico corroboram o fenômeno (HDL-C, r=-0,330; p=0,0606, Pearson), mostrando uma tendência (HDL-C/apoA, r=0,511; p=0,0254) e relação positiva no grupo NDCA. Foram observadas correlações positivas entre MMP-1 e HDL-C (r=0,6175; p=0,002, Pearson) e MMP-1 com MMP-9 (r=0,5109; p=0,0215; Pearson) e MMP-1 com CMV-IgG (r=0,619; p=0,0012; Pearson) e correlação negativa entre MMP-9 e apoB no grupo DCA. Por ELISA foram evidenciadas, no grupo DCA, menores densidades ópticas (DO) de MMP-2 e MMP-9. Contudo, essas mesmas MMP (2 e 9) apresentaram maior atividade proteolítica no zimograma do grupo DCA. Conclusão. A menor incorporação de CL-3H no grupo DCA indica deficiência no transporte reverso do colesterol, essa alteração prejudica os mecanismos de proteção contra a aterogênese. Aliado a isso, observou-se redução das mensurações séricas das MMP no grupo DCA, a qual pressupõe a participação dessas MMP no remodelamento vascular, principalmente, nas placas e/ou lesões ateroscleróticas. As MMP e outros marcadores avaliados nos DCA mostraram que o evento não tem participação somente de moléculas relacionadas ao transporte lipídico, mas também, aquelas relacionadas à infecção por CMV (citomegalovirus), evidenciadas pela presença de correlação positiva entre MMP-1 e CMV-IgG. A menor incorporação de CL-3H, baixa DO de MMP-2 e 9, maior atividade proteolítica no zimograma e a MMP-1 associada à infecção por CMV são fatores a serem avaliados para utilização na predição de risco cardiovascular em pacientes com DCA. As menores DO de MMP-2 e 9 nos DCA em contraposição à maior atividade dessas proteinases suscita a participação de fatores reguladores (e.g. TIMP) da atividade dessas proteinases, atuando de forma distinta daquela dos NDCA. / The cardiovascular diseases are the biggest cause of morbimortality in evidence in the emerging countries; they consist into central, cerebral and peripheral arterial diseases, mainly coronary and carotidal. Among the several risk factors and markers that contribute to the development and severity of those diseases, there are that related to atherosclerosis. This study evaluates the serum concentration and activity of matrix metaloproteinases (MMP-1, 2, 8, 9 e 12), the paraoxonase activity and the association with others factors in patients with carotidal atherosclerotic disease (DCA). Methods. It was done a transversal study to evaluate, in a population of 65 individuals with (31) and without DCA (34), indicated by vascular echography with doppler, both genders, average age 51.1 (± 6.7) years, the occurrence of differences between clinical laboratory markers and their relationship with vascular endothelium remolding and reverse cholesterol transport. It was standardized and executed methods with isotopic markers, ELISA and SDS-PAGE zymography to the determination, identification and verification of proteolytic activity. Results. From the incorporation, it was verified that the DCA patients’ serum samples assume little free cholesterol when compares to NDCA (no DCA carrier patients). Also, regarding the data of CL-3H incorporation, it was verified that the index and parameters of lipid metabolism evaluation corroborate the event (HDL-C, r=-0.330; p=0.0606, Pearson), which shows a tendency (HDL-C/apoA, r=0.511; p=0.0254) and positive relationship in the NDCA group. Besides, positive correlations between MMP-1 and HDL-C (r=0.6175; p=0.002, Pearson) and MMP-1 with MMP-9 (r=0.5109; p=0.0215; Pearson) and MMP-1 with CMV-IgG (r=0.619; p=0.0012; Pearson) and negative correlation between MMP-9 and apoB in the DCA group were observed. The ELISA demonstrates lower MMP-2 and MMP-9 optic density (DO) in DCA group. Otherwise, these same MMP (2 and 9) shows bigger digestive activity at zymogram assay in the DCA group when compared to NDCA. Conclusion. The lower incorporation of CL-3H in the DCA group drives to reverse cholesterol transport deficiency, these alterations disables the protection mechanisms against the atherosclerosis. Join to this, it was observed the serum measures reduction of MMP in DCA group that presume the participation of these MMP in the vascular remolding process, mainly on the plates or/and atherosclerotic lesions. The MMP and others markers evaluated in DCA reveal that the event does not have solely participation of molecules related to lipid transport, but also that ones related with infection with CMV (cytomegalovirus) exposed by positive correlation between MMP-1 and CMV-IgG marker. Thus, the small CL-3H incorporation, the lowest MMP-2 and 9 DO, biggest digestion of the polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with gelatin and MMP-1 when associated to CMV infection are markers that must be evaluated to predict the cardiovascular risk in DCA patients. The lower DO of MMP-2 and 9 in DCA group in opposition to the bigger activity of these proteinases give raise to participation of regulatory factors (e.g. TIMP) that run in a distinct way from NDCA group.
2

Correlation of Ankle-Brachial Index Values With Carotid Disease, Coronary Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women

Pearson, Tamera Lea 01 November 2007 (has links)
BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that the use of ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements helps identify patients with peripheral arterial disease. Previous research also reveals a relationship between peripheral arterial disease and higher incidence of cardiac mortality and morbidity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of a low ABI (<0.90 mm Hg) with coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index greater than 25, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and carotid artery disease. METHODS: A descriptive correlational design was used to study a population (N = 810) of fairly healthy women who self-selected to undergo cardiovascular screening that they paid for out of pocket. Cardiac disease and most of the data on risk factors were obtained using questionnaires. Carotid artery stenosis was determined by ultrasound. Hypotheses were tested using χ and independent t test. RESULTS: A statistically significant relationship was found between a low ABI and the presence of moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis (χ = 5.90, P = .015). A low ABI (<0.90 mm Hg) was not significantly related to cardiac disease (χ = 0.83, P = .362), diabetes (χ = 1.82, P = .177), hypercholesterolemia (χ = 0.01, P = .930), claudication (χ = 2.06, P = .151), physical activity (χ = 1.17, P = .884), or body mass index (t = 1.12, P = .270). CONCLUSION: The significant relationship between low ABI and carotid artery stenosis illustrates that atherosclerosis occurs in multiple arterial beds simultaneously. The lack of association between ABI and the other variables probably reflects the self-report nature of the data collected on these variables. Ankle-brachial index measurements may be useful in future research as a tool for early recognition of cardiovascular disease.
3

Avaliação in vivo do cilostazolnanoencapsulado em artéria carótida de ratos Wistar: estudo interdisciplinar / In vivo evaluation of nanoencapsulated cilostazol in carotid artery of Wistar rats: interdisciplinary study

Nascimento, Núbia da Silva 28 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-09-06T16:39:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Nubia Nascimento.pdf: 1296891 bytes, checksum: 1fb7f4ddd43a4591eeb9f1b8e95bb14f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-06T16:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Nubia Nascimento.pdf: 1296891 bytes, checksum: 1fb7f4ddd43a4591eeb9f1b8e95bb14f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / O cilostazol é um inibidor seletivo da fosfodiesterase III que atua como antiagregante plaquetário e vasodilatador. Faz parte do tratamento clínico da doença aterosclerótica carotídea extracraniana,apresentando benefícios para o adequado fluxo sanguíneo local.Devido à suacaracterística lipofílica,é um excelente fármaco para o estudo do desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação modificada, que objetivam melhorar a disponibilidade biológica. A aplicação de tecnologias em formulações, como nanosuspensões, caracteriza uma estratégia atrativa para melhorar a ação de compostos pouco solúveis em água como o Cilostazol. Este trabalho avalioua ação do Cilostazolnanoencapsulado na túnica média da artéria carótida esquerda e no perfil lipídico de ratos Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos, que receberam soluções de nanocápsulas contendo cilostazol, nanocápsulas sem cilostazol, solução de propilenoglicol e cilostazol pesado.Foi observada diferença entre a espessura da carótida em micrômetros, entre os grupos que receberam o cilostazolnanoencapsulado e o grupo que recebeu a solução de propilenoglicol [70.22(9.2±47-81)IC95% 62-72] (P 0,019), sendo a maior espessura observada no grupo que recebeu o cilostazolnanoencapsulado. Não houve diferença em relação à celularidade em números absolutos, entre os grupos. Em relação ao perfil lipídico, o grupo que recebeu propilenogicol apresentou valores maiores de HDL comparativamente ao grupo que recebeu a solução de cilostazolnanoencapsulado [56.85(10.5±37.7-83.7)IC95% 52.56-61.38] (P0,01). O nível de triglicerídeos em mg/dL foi maior no grupo que recebeu o cilostazolpesado em relação ao grupo que recebeu a solução de nanocápsulas [116,92(56.37±45-266)IC95% 74.15-132.33] (P0,01). O cilostazol pesado apresentou melhores resultados em relação ao perfil lipídico. A apresentação do cilostazolnanoecapsulado não demonstrou ser adequada para o tratamento da doença carotídea extracraniana devido ao fato de aumentar o perfil lipídico dos animais estudados. A estrutura da nanocápsula, por conter lipídios em seu interior, piorou o perfil lipídico. Os achados laboratoriais foram condizentes com os achados histopatológicos. / Cilostazol is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III that acts as a platelet antiaggregant and vasodilator. It is part of the clinical treatment of extracranial atherosclerotic carotid disease, presenting benefits for adequate local blood flow. Due to its lipophilic characteristics, it is an excellent drug for the study of the development of modified release systems, which aim to improve biological availability. The application of technologies in formulations, such as nanosuspensions, characterizes an attractive strategy to improve the action of compounds little soluble in water like Cilostazol. This study evaluated the effect of nanoencapsulated Cilostazol on the left carotid artery layers and in the lipid profile of Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups, which received solutions of nanocapsules containing cilostazol, nanocapsules without cilostazol, solution of propylene glycol and heavy cilostazol. Differences were observed between carotid thickness in micrometers between groups receiving nanoencapsulated cilostazol and the group receiving the propylene glycol solution (70.22 (9.2 ± 47-81) 95% CI 62-72) (P <0.019), with the highest thickness observed in the group receiving nanoencapsulated cilostazol. There was no difference in cellularity in absolute numbers between the groups. Regarding the lipid profile, the group receiving propylene glycol had higher values of HDL in mg/dL, compared to the group that received the nanoencapsulated cilostazol solution [56.85 (10.5 ± 37.7-83.7) 95% CI 52.56-61.38] (P 0.01). The level of triglycerides in mg/dL was higher in the group that received the heavy cilostazol compared to the group that received the nanocapsule solution [116 (56.37 ± 45-116.92) CI95% 74.15-132.33] (P 0.01). The heavy cilostazol presented better results in relation to the lipid profile. The presentation of nanoecapsulated cilostazol has not been shown to be adequate for the treatment of extracranial carotid disease due to the fact that it increases the lipid profile of the animals studied. The structure of the nanocapsule, as it contained lipids, worsened the lipid profile. Laboratory findings were consistent with histopathological findings.

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