Familial aggregation of prostate cancer has been demonstrated in studies conducted in a number of countries prior to the widespread adoption of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer detection. PSA testing leads to over-diagnosis of asymptomatic disease that may not have become clinically significant within a man’s normal lifetime. This increase in the number of asymptomatic men diagnosed might alter the magnitude of familial risk estimates and the importance of a prostate cancer family history. (For complete abstract open document)

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [69]-75).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-170).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [66]-84).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 28, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Epidemiology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126).

Thesis (Ph.D. in Epidemiology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-102).

Thesis (Ph.D. in Epidemiology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-118). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Introdução: A prematuridade resulta de diferentes fatores inter-relacionados, que podem variar em diferentes culturas. Os avanços tecnológicos têm provido melhores condições de atendimento e sobrevida das crianças que nasceram prematuramente, porém, as causas desses nascimentos ainda são pouco conhecidas. Objetivo: Identificar fatores maternos e neonatais associados à prematuridade no município de Porto Alegre. Método: Estudo do tipo caso-controle de base populacional. Os casos foram recém-nascidos com menos de 37 semanas de gestação, e os controles foram os recém-nascidos com 37 semanas ou mais. Os dados provieram dos registros de nascimentos do município de Porto Alegre referentes ao ano de 2012 que constam no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde. Foram alocados 767 casos e 1.534 controles, em um desenho de um caso para dois controles (1:2), mediante randomização simples. As variáveis estudadas foram alocadas em três blocos, representando diferentes níveis de hierarquia: variáveis sociodemográficas, história reprodutiva e fatores gestacionais e de nascimento. A análise de Regressão Logística Hierárquica multivariada foi utilizada. Resultados: No modelo final, foi encontrada associação estatisticamente significante ao nascimento prematuro para as seguintes variáveis: no Bloco 1, idade materna menor que 19 anos (OR=1,32; IC 95%: 1,02 – 1,71) e >34 anos (OR=1,39; IC 95%: 1,12 – 1,72) e escolaridade materna inadequada para a idade (OR=2,11; IC 95%: 1,22 – 3,65); no Bloco 2, nenhuma variável permaneceu associada à prematuridade; no Bloco 3, gravidez múltipla (OR=1,14; IC 95%: 1,01 – 1,29), cesariana (OR=1,15; IC 95%: 1,03 – 1,29), peso ao nascer menor a 2.500g (OR=4,04; IC 95%: 3,64 – 4,49), Índice de Apgar no 5° minuto de zero a três (OR=1,47; IC 95%: 1,12 – 1,91) e pré-natal inadequado (OR=1,18; IC 95%: 1,02 – 1,36). Conclusão: O aumento da prevalência da prematuridade é um evento que preocupa gestores de saúde em todo o país. Em razão da grande pluralidade da população brasileira, acredita-se que seja necessário o desenvolvimento de estudos populacionais regionalizados. Lembrando o importante papel da prematuridade na mortalidade infantil, é imprescindível que continuem as pesquisas com esta temática para elucidar as causas da prematuridade, a fim de auxiliar no planejamento de ações preventivas e no seu combate, assim diminuindo a mortalidade infantil. / Introduction: Premature birth results from different inter-related factors, which may vary in different cultures. Technological advances have provided better conditions of assistance to and survival of prematurely born children, but the causes of premature births are still little known. Objective: To identify maternal and neonatal factors associated with premature births in Porto Alegre. Method: population-based, case-control study. The cases involved children born before 37 weeks of pregnancy, and the group of controls consisted of children born at 37 weeks of pregnancy or later. Data were obtained from 2012 birth certificates of the city of Porto Alegre found in the Live Birth Registration System of the Department of Health. The study comprised 767 cases and 1534 controls in a one-to-two design through simple randomization. The studied variables were divided into three blocks standing for different hierarchical levels: social-demographic variables; reproduction-related data; and pregnancy and birth factors. Hierarchical Multiple Logistic Regression analysis was performed. Results: In the final model, there was statistically significant association between premature birth and the following variables: in Block 1, mother younger than 19 years (OR=1.32; IC 95%: 1.02 – 1.71) and older than 34 (OR=1.39; IC 95%: 1.12 – 1.72), and mother’s educational level lower than expected for age (OR=2.11; IC 95%: 1.22 – 3.65); in Block 2, no variable was associated with premature birth; in Block 3, multiple pregnancy (OR=1,14; IC 95%: 1.01 – 1.29), Caesarean operation (OR=1.15; IC 95%: 1.03 – 1.29), birth weight lower than 2500g (OR=4.04; IC 95%: 3.64 – 4.49), Apgar scores of 0-3 at five minutes (OR=1.47; IC 95%: 1.12 – 1.91) and inadequate prenatal care (OR=1.18; IC 95%: 1.02 – 1.36). Conclusion: Health managers from all over the country are concerned with the increased prevalence of premature births. The great plurality of Brazilian population may require the development of regionalized population studies. Considering the important role played by premature birth in child mortality, researches into this subject are fundamental to explain the causes of premature birth, thus contributing to both the planning of prevention actions and the fight for reduction of child mortality.