• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 50
  • 16
  • 10
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 80
  • 33
  • 24
  • 14
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 10
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Determinação de enantiômeros em extratos vegetais por cromatografia quiral e dicroísmo circular

Rinaldo, Daniel [UNESP] 19 March 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rinaldo_d_dr_araiq.pdf: 1188120 bytes, checksum: 1e4f3603501a8b454e918390b4c81bce (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho abordou a determinação quali e quantitativa de enantiômeros de catequinas em extratos e infusões das folhas de espécies do gênero Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae), tais como: B.basiloba, B. cocolobifolia, B. crassa, B. intermedia e B. verbascifolia. O trabalho descreve a determinação rápida e eficiente de catequina, ent- catequina, epicatequina e ent-epicatequina por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de fotodiodos e dicrísmo circular, usando coluna de fase estaconária quiral. O método possui alta seletividade e permite identificar inequivocadamente diastereômeros de catequinas em matrizes complexas como extratos vegetais, com limites de detecção (0,42 a 0,77 μg mL-1 ) e quantificação (1,27 a 2,32 μg mL-1 ) satisfatórios para as condições analisadas, e valores de precisão (0,3 to 4,8%) e exatidão (70,0 a 110,2%) recomendados pela ANVISA. Com exceção da espécie B. intermedia, quatro espécies do gênero apresentaram em seus extratos e infusões os diastereômeros catequina, epicatequina e ent-epicatequina. Experimentos para avaliar a epimerização da catequina indicaram que a incomum ent-epicatequina não é um artefato, podendo ser um produto do metabolismo de espécies do gênero Byrsonima. Enantiômeros da catequina apresentam diferentes atividades farmacológicas, o que pode causar a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais diversos, danosos à saúde humana. Portanto, esses resultados podem alertar quanto ao consumo indiscriminado de plantas medicinais pela população e contribuir para criação de políticas mais rigorosas no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos no Brasil / This work deals with the qualitative and quantitative determination of catechin and epicatechin enantiomers both in extracts and infusions from the leaves of the Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) species (B.basiloba, B. cocolobifolia, B. crassa, B. intermedia and B. verbascifolia). This work describes a simple and reliable analytical high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method coupled with photodiode array detector and circular dichroism for simultaneous determination of catechin, ent-catechin, epicatechin and ent-epicatechin. The direct separation was obtained in normal phase by HPLC using chiral stationary phase. The method has high selectivity. Regardless of variations in retention time, it was possible to identify unequivocally the enantiomers of catechin and epicatechin in complex matrices like plant extracts with satisfactory limit of detection (0.42 to 0.77 μg mL-1 ) and limite of quantification (1.27 to 2.32 μg mL-1 ). Under the conditions used, precision values were 0.3 to 4.8%, whereas accuracy values were 75.0 to 110.2%, recommended by ANVISA. Aside from B. intermedia specie, the other four Byrsonima species presented catechin, epicatechin and ent-epicatechin diastereomers both in methanolic extract and infusions. Experiments were carried out for verification the possibility of catechin epimerization. It was observed that the unusual ent- epicatechin was not an artifact, but product of Byrsonima species metabolism. Enantiomers of catechin present dissimilar pharmacological activities, which may cause the occurrence of various side effects, harmful to human health. Therefore, these results may warn about the indiscriminate use of medicinal plants by the population and contribute to the quality control of Brazilian herbal medicines
52

Efeito de resinas experimentais contendo inibidores de proteases da matriz sobre gelatinases e colagenases / Effect of experimental resins containing protease inhibitors on gelatinases and collagenase

Bruno Lara Zarella 26 March 2013 (has links)
A evolução das resinas compostas fez com que esses materiais passassem a ter uma durabilidade maior e características estéticas muito boas, mas o risco de cárie recorrente é ainda um problema a ser resolvido. Na tentativa de solucionar esse problema, estudos vêm sendo conduzidos na tentativa de se formularem resinas compostas contendo agentes antibacterianos, como é o caso da incorporação de clorexidina (CHX). Outro fato que impede a longevidade deste material é a degradação de matriz de colágeno por proteases ativadas por pH ácido. Para tentar contornar esse problema, a adição de clorexidina, assim como Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), clássicos antibacterianos e inibidores de proteases da matriz , como as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) a resinas, poderia melhorar a eficácia destes materiais como substitutos de dentina em procedimentos restauradores, aumentando a longevidade do tratamento restaurador, mediante preservação das propriedades mecânicas do material. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo é avaliar o poder de inibição de resinas experimentais contendo inibidores conhecidos de proteases da matriz sobre gelatinases e colagenase. Para isso, copolímeros experimentais foram preparados combinando Bis-GMA com o diluente TEGDMA (70/30 mol%). Com exceção do copolímero placebo (sem drogas), EGCg ou CHX foram incorporados a 1% em peso isoladamente ou em combinação, a 0,5% em peso cada. Amostras contendo EGCg, CHX ou EGCg e CHX concentradas 10X foram obtidas do armazenamento de espécimes polimerizados da resina experimental em água deionizada (1 mL) após o período de 24h a 37°C e sua posterior concentração. O efeito da ação dos inibidores foi checado por zimografia e confirmado por um ensaio enzimático específico para colagenases e gelatinases. Os dados passaram por teste de homogeneidade (Bartlett) e normalidade (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) e foram avaliados por ANOVA a 2 critérios, seguido pelo teste de Bonferroni para comparações individuais (p<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo, mostraram que, in vitro, a liberação de EGCg e CHX incorporados em resinas é capaz de reduzir a atividade gelatinolítica das MMPs -2 e -9, bem como a atividade da colagenase bacteriana, sugerindo um efeito potencial no aumento da longevidade de restaurações de resinas. Com isso, podemos afirmar que a liberação de ativos de resinas experimentais é possível e que esses ativos são capazes de inibir as MMPs, assim sugerindo um novo substituto para dentina em procedimentos restauradores. / The evolution of composite resins made these materials to have a greater durability and very good esthetics characteristics, but the risk of recurrent caries is still a problem to be solved. In the attempt to solve this problem, studies are being conducted with the purpose to formulate composite resins containing antibacterial agents, such as chlorhexidine (CHX). Another fact that prevents the longevity of this material is the degradation of the collagen matrix by the proteases activated by acidic pH. In order to solve this problem, the addition of chlorhexidine and/or Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), classical antibacterial agents and inhibitors of matrix proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in resins, could improve the efficacy of these materials as dentin substitutes in restorative procedures, increasing the longevity of the restorative treatment, while preserving the mechanical properties of the material. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of experimental resins containing known matrix protease inhibitors on the inhibition of gelatinases and collagenase. For this purpose, experimental copolymers were prepared combining Bis-GMA with the diluent TEGDMA (70/30 mol%). Except for the placebo copolymer (drug free), EGCg or CHX were incorporated at 1% in weight, isolated or in combination (0.5% in weight each). Samples containing EGCg, CHX or EGCg and CHX concentrated 10X were obtained after storage of polymerized specimens of the experimental resin in deionized water (1 mL) after the period of 24 h, at 37°C and after that were concentra. The effect of the action of the inhibitors was checked by zymography and confirmed by an enzymatic test specific for collagenases and gelatinases. The data passed in the tests of homogeneity (Bartlett test) and normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), and were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni test for individual comparisons (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that the in vitro release of EGCG and CHX incorporated in resins was able to reduce the gelatinolytic activity of MMPs-2 and -9 and bacterial collagenase activity, suggesting a potential effect in increasing the longevity of resin restorations. It can be concluded that the release of drugs from experimental resins is possible and that these drugs are able to inhibit MMPs, thereby suggesting a new substitute for dentin in restorative procedures.
53

Efeito neuroprotetor da catequina e do estresse de imobilizaÃÃo subcrÃnico na DoenÃa de Parkinson experimental. / Neuroprotector effect of catechin and restraint stress in experimental Parkinsonâs Disease.

Maria Daniele Azevedo Teixeira 11 February 2011 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A DoenÃa de Parkinson (DP) à uma desordem neurodegenerativa caracterizada pela perda de neurÃnios dopaminÃrgicos na substancia nigra (SN). Estudos epidemiolÃgicos sugerem uma associaÃÃo entre estresse, depressÃo e DP. Agentes antioxidantes tem sido relatados como capazes de mudar o curso da doenÃa, bloqueando a neurodegeneraÃÃo dopaminÃrgica. Com a finalidade de estudar os efeitos neuroprotetores da catequina, um flavonÃide encontrado na Camelia sinensis, o presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos deste composto no comportamento motor, memÃria, avaliaÃÃo imunohistoquÃmica e bioquÃmica em um modelo de DP induzido em ratos pela 6-OHDA. Em uma outra etapa do trabalho tambÃm avaliou-se os efeitos da associaÃÃo do estresse com a DP sobre estes mesmos parÃmetros, usando um modelo animal de estresse de imobilizaÃÃo subcrÃnico (11d/6hrs). Os animais (ratos Wistar machos, 200-250g) foram tratados com catequina (10 e 30 mg/kg i.p.) diariamente por 16 dias, iniciando-se na ocasiÃo da lesÃo estriatal pela 6-OHDA (21Âg/ 3ÂL). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a 6-OHDA aumentou o nÃmero de rotaÃÃes contralaterais à lesÃo induzida por apomorfina e a catequina nas duas doses foi capaz de reverter esse dano motor. Houve uma recuperaÃÃo da atividade exploratÃria e memÃria de trabalho promovido pela catequina nas doses testadas. A 6-OHDA diminuiu a imunorreatividade para tirosina hidroxilase (TH) e transportador de dopamina (DAT) no corpo estriado e mesencÃfalo, alÃm de promover uma diminuiÃÃo nos nÃveis de GSH. A catequina nas duas doses em animais lesionados pela 6-OHDA foi capaz de recuperar a imunorreatividade para TH e DAT, alÃm de aumentar significativamente os nÃveis de GSH em relaÃÃo aos animais lesionados pela 6-OHDA. A 6-OHDA promoveu a morte neuronal demonstrada pela diminuiÃÃo nos nÃveis de catecolaminas, a catequina, por sua vez, foi capaz de reverter esses nÃveis. O estresse de imobilizaÃÃo subcrÃnico nÃo reverteu o nÃmero de rotaÃÃes contralaterais induzidas pela apomorfina, nem melhorou a memÃria de trabalho dos danos pela 6-OHDA, mas foi capaz de melhorar a atividade locomotora e a memÃria aversiva. O estresse subcrÃnico levou os animais a um estado depressivo no teste de nado forÃado, o que nÃo foi observado em animais que sofreram apenas a lesÃo estriatal. Houve uma diminuiÃÃo no ganho de peso nos animais submetidos ao estresse. AlÃm disso, houve uma aumento discreto da imunorreatividade para a TH e DAT em animais submetidos ao estresse e lesÃo pela 6-OHDA. Em relaÃÃo Ãs catecolaminas, houve uma reversÃo parcial nos nÃveis de noradrenalina e serotonina pelo efeito do estresse. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstram que tanto a catequina, quanto estresse de imobilizaÃÃo foram neuroprotetores neste modelo experimental da DP. A catequina na dose de 30mg demonstrou um efeito prÃ-oxidante. O estresse de imobilizaÃÃo parece ter exercido um condicionamento fisiolÃgico nos animais, protegendo, de certa maneira, dos efeitos tÃxicos da 6-OHDA. / Parkinsonâs disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder reported since antiquity and characterized for neuronal dopaminergic loss mainly in the substantia nigra (SN). Epidemiological studies suggest association between depression and PD and stress has been implicated in causing depression. The currently available therapies can not prevent the progression of PD, but are able to contain the symptoms. Neuroprotective agents have been reported as able to change the course of the disease, stopping dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Many of these agents are derived from plants with antioxidant actions, as catechin, a flavonoid found in green tea. In order to study the neuroprotective effects of catechin, the present study evaluated the effects of this compound on motor behavior, memory, Immunohistochemistry, biochemical evaluation and determination of catecholamines in an animal model of PD by 6-OHDA. Another stage of the study also evaluated the effects of stress associated with PD on the same parameters, in an animal model of subchronic restraint stress (11d/6hrs). Animals (male Wistar rats, 200-250g) were treated with catechin (10 and 30mg/kg ip) daily for 16 days, starting at the time of injury by striatal 6-OHDA. Results show that 6-OHDA increased the number of rotations contralateral to the lesion induced by apomorphine and catechin in the two doses was able to reverse the 6-OHDA damage. There was a recovery of exploratory activity and working memory promoted by catechin in both doses. Catechin in a dose of 30mg worsened the aversive memory. 6-OHDA decreased the immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in striatum and midbrain, and promote a decrease in GSH levels. Catechin in two doses in animals injured by 6-OHDA was able to increase the immunoreactivity for TH and DAT, significantly increasing the levels of GSH compared to lesioned animals by 6-OHDA. 6-OHDA caused neuronal death demonstrated by decreasing levels of catecholamines, catechin, in turn, was able to reverse these levels. The subchronic restraint stress did not reverse the number of contralateral rotations induced by apomorphine, neither improved the working memory of the damage by 6-OHDA, but was able to increase the number of crossings and improve the aversive memory. Stressed subchronic animals led to an increase in immobilization time in the forced swimming test, which was not observed in animals that were only striatal injury. There was a decrease in weight gain in animals subjected to stress. There was a slight increase of immunoreactivity for TH and DAT in animals subjected to stress and injury by 6-OHDA. In relation to catecholamines, there was a partial reversal in the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin by the effect of stress. Results of this study demonstrate that both catechin and immobilization stress were neuroprotective in this experimental model of PD. The catechin in a dose of 30mg was both oxidant and pro-oxidant. Restraint stress appears to have exerted a priming in animals, protecting, in a way, the toxic effects of 6-OHDA.
54

Determinação de enantiômeros em extratos vegetais por cromatografia quiral e dicroísmo circular /

Rinaldo, Daniel. January 2010 (has links)
Resumo: Este trabalho abordou a determinação quali e quantitativa de enantiômeros de catequinas em extratos e infusões das folhas de espécies do gênero Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae), tais como: B.basiloba, B. cocolobifolia, B. crassa, B. intermedia e B. verbascifolia. O trabalho descreve a determinação rápida e eficiente de catequina, ent- catequina, epicatequina e ent-epicatequina por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de fotodiodos e dicrísmo circular, usando coluna de fase estaconária quiral. O método possui alta seletividade e permite identificar inequivocadamente diastereômeros de catequinas em matrizes complexas como extratos vegetais, com limites de detecção (0,42 a 0,77 μg mL-1 ) e quantificação (1,27 a 2,32 μg mL-1 ) satisfatórios para as condições analisadas, e valores de precisão (0,3 to 4,8%) e exatidão (70,0 a 110,2%) recomendados pela ANVISA. Com exceção da espécie B. intermedia, quatro espécies do gênero apresentaram em seus extratos e infusões os diastereômeros catequina, epicatequina e ent-epicatequina. Experimentos para avaliar a epimerização da catequina indicaram que a incomum ent-epicatequina não é um artefato, podendo ser um produto do metabolismo de espécies do gênero Byrsonima. Enantiômeros da catequina apresentam diferentes atividades farmacológicas, o que pode causar a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais diversos, danosos à saúde humana. Portanto, esses resultados podem alertar quanto ao consumo indiscriminado de plantas medicinais pela população e contribuir para criação de políticas mais rigorosas no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos no Brasil / Abstract: This work deals with the qualitative and quantitative determination of catechin and epicatechin enantiomers both in extracts and infusions from the leaves of the Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) species (B.basiloba, B. cocolobifolia, B. crassa, B. intermedia and B. verbascifolia). This work describes a simple and reliable analytical high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method coupled with photodiode array detector and circular dichroism for simultaneous determination of catechin, ent-catechin, epicatechin and ent-epicatechin. The direct separation was obtained in normal phase by HPLC using chiral stationary phase. The method has high selectivity. Regardless of variations in retention time, it was possible to identify unequivocally the enantiomers of catechin and epicatechin in complex matrices like plant extracts with satisfactory limit of detection (0.42 to 0.77 μg mL-1 ) and limite of quantification (1.27 to 2.32 μg mL-1 ). Under the conditions used, precision values were 0.3 to 4.8%, whereas accuracy values were 75.0 to 110.2%, recommended by ANVISA. Aside from B. intermedia specie, the other four Byrsonima species presented catechin, epicatechin and ent-epicatechin diastereomers both in methanolic extract and infusions. Experiments were carried out for verification the possibility of catechin epimerization. It was observed that the unusual ent- epicatechin was not an artifact, but product of Byrsonima species metabolism. Enantiomers of catechin present dissimilar pharmacological activities, which may cause the occurrence of various side effects, harmful to human health. Therefore, these results may warn about the indiscriminate use of medicinal plants by the population and contribute to the quality control of Brazilian herbal medicines / Orientador: Wagner Vilegas / Coorientador: Lourdes Campaner dos Santos / Banca: Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi / Banca: Maysa Furlan / Banca: José Arimatéia Dantas Lopes / Banca: Suzana da Costa Santos / Doutor
55

Verification of the senescence-accelerated mouse as a model of aging-related physical performance decline and beneficial effects of catechins on physical performance / 老化に伴う運動機能低下モデルとしての老化促進マウスの有用性、及びカテキンの運動機能維持作用

Haramizu, Satoshi 25 November 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12877号 / 論農博第2804号 / 新制||農||1028(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4876(農学部図書室) / 31595 / (主査)教授 伏木 亨, 教授 保川 清, 教授 安達 修二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
56

Studies on the food compounds showing anti-obesity effect and their mechanism to suppress obesity / 抗肥満作用を呈する機能性素材とその作用メカニズムに関する研究

Ohyama, Kana 23 September 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13055号 / 論農博第2839号 / 新制||農||1045(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N5012(農学部図書室) / 33145 / (主査)教授 河田 照雄, 教授 保川 清, 教授 橋本 渉 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
57

Dietary Green Tea to Attenuate Metabolic Endotoxemia-Associated Inflammation Along the Gut-Liver Axis

Sasaki, Geoffrey Y. January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
58

Determinação voltamétrica de catequina por eletrodo de carbono impresso modificado com nanotubo de carbono funcionalizado / VOLTAMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CACHINE BY MODIFIED CARBON ELECTRODE MODIFIED WITH FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBE

Silva, Ana Luisa 22 January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-19T18:00:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLuisaSilva.pdf: 1121605 bytes, checksum: f3ccd719e794281c4b5521801b7fe637 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T18:00:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLuisaSilva.pdf: 1121605 bytes, checksum: f3ccd719e794281c4b5521801b7fe637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The catechin compound is a phenolic that has a great oxidant action,it is found in a different kinds of food such as wine, juice and tea, its application to inhibit ultraviolet radiation, reduces the level of cholesterol, among others. Currently, techniques are used for determining catechin as a gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, although the electrochemical detection method is a promising yet, because it is less cumbersome and can distinguish between the oxidized and the reduced form of catechin. A growing number of studies has shown the necessity for a hurry procedure to availible the content of catechin and electrochemical techniques have been successfully employed. The research activities carried out in this study were the characterization and optimization of the parameters used for the determination of catechin in a printed carbon electrode modified with functionalized carbon nanotube by means of cyclic voltammetry technique and application in the quantification of this analyte in a sample of black tea. The best results were obtained at a concentration of 1x10-3 mol L-1 through catechin phosphate buffer 0.1 mol L-1 pH 7.0 using a potential sweep rate of 0.05 V s-1. From these conditions an analytical curve was obtained by linear response over the concentration range of catechin between 2.0 × 107 to 1.68 × 10-5 mol L-1, as limits of detection and quantification of 9.2 x10-8 and 3.0x10-7 mol L-1, respectively. The oxidation of catechin showed a peak located around 0.15 V vs. Ag / AgCl potential being near the peak shown in the literature. / A Catequina é um composto fenólico que têm grande ação oxidante, encontrados em diversos tipos de alimentos, sua aplicação inibi a radiação ultravioleta, reduz o nível do colesterol, dentre outros. Atualmente, técnicas analíticas são empregadas para a determinação de catequina, como a cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência, contudo a detecção eletroquímica é um método promissor, por exigir menos trabalho no preparo de amostra e um menor consumo de reagentes, uma vez que é possível identificar a espécie de interesse de maneira seletiva através de sua oxidação ou redução. Um número crescente de estudos vem mostrando a necessidade de um procedimento rápido para a avaliação do teor de catequina e técnicas eletroquímicas foram empregadas com sucesso. As atividades de pesquisa desenvolvidas neste trabalho foram de caracterização e otimização dos parâmetros utilizados para a determinação da catequina em eletrodo de carbono impresso modificado com nanotubo de carbono funcionalizado por meio da técnica de voltametria cíclica e aplicação na quantificação deste analito em amostra de chá preto. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos a uma concentração de 1x10-3 mol L-1 de catequina em meio de tampão fosfato 0,1 mol L-1 pH 7,0 a uma velocidade de varredura de potencial de 0,05 V s-1. A partir destas condições foi obtida uma curva analítica com comportamento linear no intervalo de concentração de catequina entre 2,0x10-7 a 1,68x10-5 mol L-1, com limites de detecção e de quantificação de 9,2x10-8 e 3,0x10-7 mol L-1, respectivamente. A oxidação da catequina apresentou um pico localizado em torno de 0,15V vs Ag/AgCl, estando próximo dos potenciais de pico mostrado na literatura.
59

Wirkung von Teecatechin Epigallocatechingallat auf den Energiestoffwechsel der Maus / Effect of tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate on energy metabolism in mice

Friedrich, Maika January 2010 (has links)
Die gesundheitsfördernden Eigenschaften von grünem Tee sind weitgehend akzeptiert. Den Teecatechinen, insbesondere dem Epigallocatechin-3-gallat (EGCG), werden zahlreiche positive Effekte zugesprochen (z. B. antioxidativ, antikanzerogen, antiinflammatorisch, Blutdruck und Cholesterinspiegel senkend). Die Mechanismen, die zu einer Reduktion der in Tierversuchen beschriebenen Körper- und Fettmasse führen, sind nicht ausreichend geklärt. Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die kurz- und mittelfristigen Wirkungen einer TEAVIGO®-Applikation (mind. 94 % EGCG) am Mausmodell im Hinblick auf den Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel sowie die Expression daran beteiligter Gene in wichtigen Organen und Geweben zu untersuchen. In verschiedenen Tierversuchen wurde männlichen C57BL/6-Mäusen eine Hochfettdiät (HFD) mit und ohne Supplementation (oral, diätetisch) des entkoffeinierten Grüntee-Extraktes TEAVIGO® in unterschiedlichen Dosierungen gefüttert. Es wurden sowohl kurz- als auch mittelfristige Wirkungen des EGCG auf die Energiebilanz (u. a. indirekte Tierkalorimetrie) und Körperzusammensetzung (NMR) sowie die exogene Substratoxidation (Stabilisotopentechnik: Atemtests, Inkorporation natürlicher 13C-angereicherter Triglyceride aus Maiskeimöl in diverse Organe/Gewebe) und Gen-expression (quantitative real-time PCR) untersucht. Die Applikationsform und ihre Dauer riefen unterschiedliche Wirkungen hervor. Mäuse mit diätetischer Supplementation zeigten bereits nach kurzer Zeit eine verminderte Körperfettmasse, die bei weiterer Verabreichung auch zu einer Reduktion der Körpermasse führte. Beide Applikationsformen resultieren, unabhängig von der Dauer der Intervention, in einer erhöhten Energieausscheidung, während die Futter- und Energieaufnahme durch EGCG nicht beeinflusst wurden. Der Energieverlust war von einer erhöhten Fett- und Stickstoffausscheidung begleitet, deren Ursache die in der Literatur beschriebene Interaktion und Hemmung digestiver Enzyme sein könnte. Besonders unter postprandialen Bedingungen wiesen EGCG-Mäuse erniedrigte Triglycerid- und Glycogengehalte in der Leber auf, was auf eine eingeschränkte intestinale Absorption der Nährstoffe hindeutet. Transkriptanalysen ergaben im Darm eine verminderte Expression von Fettsäuretransportern, während die Expression von Glucosetransportern durch EGCG erhöht wurde. Weiterhin reduzierte EGCG, nach Umstellung von Standard- auf eine maiskeimölhaltige Hochfettdiät, die Inkorporation natürlicher 13C-angereicherter Triglyceride in diverse Organe und Gewebe – insbesondere Leber, viszerales und braunes Fettgewebe sowie Skelettmuskel. Die Analyse der 13C-Anreicherung im Atem der Mäuse und die Energieumsatzmessungen ergaben nach kurzer Applikation eine erhöhte Fettoxidation, die im weiteren Verlauf der Intervention auf eine erhöhte Kohlenhydratoxidation umgeschaltet wurde. Weiterhin war die orale Applikation von EGCG bei gleichzeitiger Fütterung einer Hochfettdiät von makroskopischen und mikroskopischen degenerativen Veränderungen der Leber begleitet. Diese Effekte wurden nach diätetischer Supplementation der Hochfettdiät mit EGCG nicht beobachtet. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Körpergewichts- und Fettgewebs-abnahme durch diätetisches EGCG sich durch eine herabgesetzte Verdaulichkeit der Nahrung erklären lässt. Dies führte zu verschiedenen kurz- und mittelfristigen Veränderungen in der Fettverteilung und im Fettmetabolismus. / The health-promoting properties of green tea are widely accepted. Tea catechins, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are attributed to many positive effects (anti-oxidative, anti-cancerogen, anti-inflammatory, blood pressure and cholesterol lowering). Mechanisms leading to a reduction of body mass and fat mass in animal experiments are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine multiple effects of TEAVIGO® application (at least 94% EGCG) in a mouse model in terms of energy and fat metabolism. Expressions of genes involved in these processes were also determined in different organs and tissues. In several animal studies, male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet supplemented with decaffeinated TEAVIGO® (oral, dietetic) at different dosages. Short- and medium-term effects of EGCG were investigated on energy balance (indirect animal calorimetry), body composition (NMR), exogenous substrate oxidation (stable isotopes: breath tests, incorporation of naturally 13C-enriched triglycerides from corn oil into various organs/tissues), and gene expression (quantitative real-time PCR). Type of application and its duration elicited different effects. Supplemented mice already showed a reduced body fat mass after short- and medium-term treatment. Further administration lead to a reduction of body weight. Regardless of the duration of intervention, both types of application resulted in an increased energy excretion, while food and energy intake was not affected by EGCG. Fecal energy loss was accompanied by an increased fat and nitrogen excretion, which was probably due to an inhibition of digestive enzymes. Fed mice displayed a decreased triglyceride and glycogen content in liver suggesting a reduced absorption of nutrients in the intestine. This was supported by a decreased expression of intestinal fatty acid transporters. However, expression of glucose transporters was increased after short- and medium term application. Furthermore, EGCG attenuated incorporation of naturally 13C-enriched triglycerides into various organs and tissues – particularly liver, visceral and brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Analysis of 13C-enrichment in breath and measurement of energy expenditure revealed an initial increased fat oxidation, which was switched to an increased carbohydrate oxidation over time. Besides, a combination of oral administration of EGCG and high fat feeding was accompanied by macroscopic and microscopic deleterious changes in liver. These effects were not observed after dietary supplementation of EGCG. Altogether, reduction in body mass and fat mass by EGCG can be explained by a decreased food digestibility leading to various short- and medium-term changes in fat distribution and lipid metabolism.
60

En samlad bild över nutidens forskning angående immunmodulatoriska effekter av te

Nilsson, Sofia January 2012 (has links)
Teblad innehåller en mängd substanser som på olika sätt kan påverka biologiska processer i människan. I föreliggande arbete har en sammanställning gjorts utifrån vetenskapliga artiklar över teets antagna effekter på människans immunsystem .Främst har den mest studerade komponenten i te, epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG, undersökts. De variabler som studerats i immunförsvaret är neutrofiler, tumörnekrosfaktor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 ,interleukin-12, interleukin-13, eikosanoidmetabolismen, lymfocyter, makrofager, dendritiskaceller och T-cellsdifferentiering. Sammafattningsvis föreföll te hämma följande: Neutrofilaktiviteten, TNF-α-bildningen, IFN-γ-aktiviteten, stimuli-inducerad IL-β-bildning, IL-8-aktivering och IL-10-bildning. EGCG visades öka dendritiska cellers apoptos och ändra dedenderitiska cellernas morfologi och minska deras förmüga att stimulera T-cellproliferationen. EGCG-behandling av celler ledde till ökad makrofagaktivitet, ökad produktion av T-regceller kontra andra T-cellslinjer. Tebehandling ökade bildningen av IL-12 ochIL-13. EGCGs effekt på IL-6 var tvetydig; enligt en del artiklar påverkade EGCG ej IL-6, medan det enligt andra artiklar antingen ökade eller minskade IL-6-bildningen. Trots att resultaten ej var entydiga kunde slutsatsen att EGCG (och därmed te) utövade immunsupprimerande effekt dras men att det sannolikt krävs betydligt högre koncentrationer än de som är fysiologiskt uppnåbara (1 μM i plasma och 3 mM i tarmen) genom reguljärt tedrickande för att få en avgörande effekt på människans immunsystem. EGCGs hämmnade effekt på immunsystemet kan dock vara av intresse i högre – farmakologiska – koncentrationer genom att EGCG skulle kunna nyttjas som komplement eller alternativ till för närvarande nyttjade immunförtryckande läkemedel som ciklosporin och glukokortikoider.

Page generated in 0.0451 seconds