No description available.

Avec l’avènement du règne personnel du Roi soleil et sa volonté de contrôle sur l’ensemble de son royaume en 1661, de nombreux changements sont apparus dans la relation entre la Martinique et la métropole, avec un renforcement des dépendances et inégalités. La première des volontés du roi porta sur l’affirmation de sa majesté. Il enleva le statut seigneurial particulier de la Martinique afin d’intégrer l’île dans le Royaume. L’autre aspect de sa politique, avec l’ambitieux Colbert fut de réformer la dépendance économique, des productions agricoles afin de répondre aux besoins et ambitions “mercantiles” de la France en prônant à nouveau l’exclusif.Les transferts de populations connurent un accroissement considérable. Le plus connu est celui issu des Traites, il est important de distinguer d’autres plus particuliers comme les engagés blancs ou encore les pensionnaires des hôpitaux et les exils. La société coloniale était divisée alors en trois grandes catégories : les blancs, les libres et les serviles, mais les strates étaient bien plus complexes.Le ministère de l’Église fut chargé de maintenir les populations dans l’obéissance à la royauté en leur rappelant leur statut de sujets. Il fut chargé de convertir les esclaves, amérindiens, réformés mais aussi les Juifs présents dans la colonie, afin de les consacrer à une forme de maxime : un roi, une religion.Mais les volontés d’assujettissement des populations créèrent de nombreuses réactions qui furent l’interlope, les révoltes blanches et serviles, le marronnage ou encore la persistance des « réfractaires » religieux. / With the advent of the personal reign of the Sun King and his desire to control his entire kingdom in 1661, many changes have occurred in the relationship between Martinique and metropolitan France, with stronger dependency and inequality. The first of the will of the king fell on the affirmation of his majesty. He removed the particular lordly status of Martinique to integrate the island into the Kingdom. The other aspect of his policy, with the ambitious Colbert was to reform the economic dependence of agricultural production to meet the needs and aspirations "mercantile" in France advocating again exclusive.Population transfers experienced a significant increase . The best known is based on the Treaties, it is important to distinguish it from other more specific as white or residents of hospitals and exiles incurred. Colonial society was divided then into three broad categories: white , free and servile , but the layers are much more complex. The ministry of the Church was responsible for maintaining populations in obedience to royalty reminding them of their status as subjects. The Church was responsible for converting the slaves, Native Americans , but also reformed Jews in the colony , in order to focus on a form of maxim : one king, one religion.But the will of subjugation of populations created many reactions that were the underworld , white and servile revolts, runaways or the persistence of "refractory" religious.

La typographie faisait partie des arts et métiers développés dans les missions Jésuites auprès des Guarani au Paraguay au XVIIIe siècle. Nous analysons les huit ouvrages encore existants produits dans les missions, décrivons chacun d’entre eux et faisons un historique de leurs contenus et des circonstances de leurs productions. Quand cela s’avère possible, nous comparons différents exemplaires du même titre, en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement de ces ateliers d’impression. Nous tendons à saisir le rôle de l’impression dans les stratégies d’évangélisation des Jésuites partout dans le monde et nous nous penchons sur les débuts de l’imprimerie en Amérique coloniale et le rôle de la Compagnie de Jésus dans son développement. / Typography was one of the arts and crafts developed by the Jesuits in the Guarani missions of Paraguay in the XVIIIth century. We examine all of the extant books produced in the missions, describing each one and giving a history of their content and of the circumstances of their manufacture. When possible, we compare different copies of the same title, trying to understand how these printing workshops worked. We try to grasp the role of printing in the strategies of the Jesuits around the globe and we examine the beginnings of printing in colonial America and the role of the Society of Jesus in its development

This dissertation examines the construction and evolution of categories of indigeneity within the context of the Oblate (Roman Catholic) apostolate at Île-à-Crosse in present-day north-western Saskatchewan between 1845 and 1898. While focusing on one central mission station, this study illuminates broad historical processes that informed Oblate perceptions and impelled their evolution over a fifty-three-year period. In particular, this study illuminates processes that shaped Oblate concepts of sauvage and métis. It does this through a qualitative analysis of missionary correspondence, mission records and published reports. In the process, this dissertation challenges the orthodox notion that Oblate commentators simply discovered and described a singular, empirically existing and readily identifiable Métis population. Rather, this dissertation contends that Oblates played an important role in the conceptual production of les métis.

This dissertation examines the construction and evolution of categories of indigeneity within the context of the Oblate (Roman Catholic) apostolate at Île-à-Crosse in present-day north-western Saskatchewan between 1845 and 1898. While focusing on one central mission station, this study illuminates broad historical processes that informed Oblate perceptions and impelled their evolution over a fifty-three-year period. In particular, this study illuminates processes that shaped Oblate concepts of sauvage and métis. It does this through a qualitative analysis of missionary correspondence, mission records and published reports. In the process, this dissertation challenges the orthodox notion that Oblate commentators simply discovered and described a singular, empirically existing and readily identifiable Métis population. Rather, this dissertation contends that Oblates played an important role in the conceptual production of les métis.

This dissertation examines the construction and evolution of categories of indigeneity within the context of the Oblate (Roman Catholic) apostolate at Île-à-Crosse in present-day north-western Saskatchewan between 1845 and 1898. While focusing on one central mission station, this study illuminates broad historical processes that informed Oblate perceptions and impelled their evolution over a fifty-three-year period. In particular, this study illuminates processes that shaped Oblate concepts of sauvage and métis. It does this through a qualitative analysis of missionary correspondence, mission records and published reports. In the process, this dissertation challenges the orthodox notion that Oblate commentators simply discovered and described a singular, empirically existing and readily identifiable Métis population. Rather, this dissertation contends that Oblates played an important role in the conceptual production of les métis.

This dissertation examines the construction and evolution of categories of indigeneity within the context of the Oblate (Roman Catholic) apostolate at Île-à-Crosse in present-day north-western Saskatchewan between 1845 and 1898. While focusing on one central mission station, this study illuminates broad historical processes that informed Oblate perceptions and impelled their evolution over a fifty-three-year period. In particular, this study illuminates processes that shaped Oblate concepts of sauvage and métis. It does this through a qualitative analysis of missionary correspondence, mission records and published reports. In the process, this dissertation challenges the orthodox notion that Oblate commentators simply discovered and described a singular, empirically existing and readily identifiable Métis population. Rather, this dissertation contends that Oblates played an important role in the conceptual production of les métis.

Durante o século XVII, uma acentuada presença de missionários capuchinhos marcou definitivamente a história da África Central. Buscamos verificar até que ponto a entrada dos capuchinhos influenciou as relações estabelecidas entre a coroa portuguesa e as autoridades locais na África Central, uma vez que estes missionários eram subordinados diretamente ao papado, por meio da Sagrada Congregação de Propaganda Fide. Dessa forma, analisamos o modo (conflituoso ou não) como os capuchinhos se relacionaram com as autoridades e população locais e com a coroa portuguesa. Por meio de relatos e correspondência dos missionários da Ordem do Frades Menores Capuchinhos, que estiveram no reino do Congo entre 1645 e 1665, período de inúmeras conversões de africanos ao cristianismo, estudamos o contexto político-social e as características deste catolicismo africano, buscando compreender como africanos e europeus adaptavam e reelaboravam a crença cristã no contexto das experiências de contato. / During the XVII century, an accentuated presence of capucin missionaries in Central Africa marked definitely its history. This work analizes the extension of the impact of the Capucin missions in the established relations between the Portuguese crown and the local authorities in Central Africa, since these missionaries were directly under the papado authority, by means of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide. In doing that, we analyze the way (conflicted or not) that the Capucins dealed with local authorities and population and with the Portuguese royal house. Through the accounts and mailing of the Order of Capucin Minor Friars missionaries, that had been in Congo kingdom between 1645 and 1665, period of countless conversions of Africans to Christianity, we examine the political-social context and the characteristics of this African Catholicism, in order to understand how Africans and Europeans adapted and reelaborated the Christian belief in the context of contact experiences.

Durante o século XVII, uma acentuada presença de missionários capuchinhos marcou definitivamente a história da África Central. Buscamos verificar até que ponto a entrada dos capuchinhos influenciou as relações estabelecidas entre a coroa portuguesa e as autoridades locais na África Central, uma vez que estes missionários eram subordinados diretamente ao papado, por meio da Sagrada Congregação de Propaganda Fide. Dessa forma, analisamos o modo (conflituoso ou não) como os capuchinhos se relacionaram com as autoridades e população locais e com a coroa portuguesa. Por meio de relatos e correspondência dos missionários da Ordem do Frades Menores Capuchinhos, que estiveram no reino do Congo entre 1645 e 1665, período de inúmeras conversões de africanos ao cristianismo, estudamos o contexto político-social e as características deste catolicismo africano, buscando compreender como africanos e europeus adaptavam e reelaboravam a crença cristã no contexto das experiências de contato. / During the XVII century, an accentuated presence of capucin missionaries in Central Africa marked definitely its history. This work analizes the extension of the impact of the Capucin missions in the established relations between the Portuguese crown and the local authorities in Central Africa, since these missionaries were directly under the papado authority, by means of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide. In doing that, we analyze the way (conflicted or not) that the Capucins dealed with local authorities and population and with the Portuguese royal house. Through the accounts and mailing of the Order of Capucin Minor Friars missionaries, that had been in Congo kingdom between 1645 and 1665, period of countless conversions of Africans to Christianity, we examine the political-social context and the characteristics of this African Catholicism, in order to understand how Africans and Europeans adapted and reelaborated the Christian belief in the context of contact experiences.

Tout au long du XIXe siècle et jusqu’au début du XXe siècle, des gens d’Église membres des communautés religieuses quittent la France pour rejoindre le Canada. Ils franchissent l’Océan Atlantique pour suivre la voie missionnaire, accomplir une carrière ecclésiastique et professionnelle, ou pour préserver une vocation religieuse menacée par la politique anticléricale d’un gouvernement. Ce phénomène particulier, négligé par l’histoire religieuse et l’histoire des migrations, alimente un système migratoire missionnaire transatlantique en marche depuis le début du XIXe siècle. À la croisée de plusieurs champs historiographiques, cette thèse propose l’étude de ce mouvement migratoire particulier, tant à l’échelle collective qu’individuelle, afin de comprendre la place qu’occupe le Canada dans le parcours migratoire des religieux français entre 1842 et 1914. / Throughout the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Catholic community members of Roman Catholic religious orders left France to join Canada. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean to follow the call of missionary appeal, to pursue an ecclesiastical and professional career, or to save a religious vocation threatened by the anticlerical policy of the French government. This particular phenomenon, neglected in religious and migration history, fueled a transatlantic missionary migration system since the beginning of the nineteenth century. At the crossroads of several historiographical fields, this thesis addresses the study of this peculiar migratory movement, both at the collective and individual level, in order to understand the place occupied by Canada in the migratory path of French clerics between 1842 and 1914.