O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e quantificar os fatores inerentes ao leilão que afetam o preço de venda de bezerros de corte. Foram coletados em 148 leilões nas cidades de Dois Vizinhos e Francisco Beltrão dados referentes ao preço de venda (PV), local (L) e mês (M) da realização do leilão,grupo genético (GG) e tamanho do lote (TL), peso médio (PE) e sexo (S) dos animais.Foram observados 4.312 lotes correspondendo a 48.588 animais pesando entre 100 e 250 kg de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2014. Os lotes foram classificados de acordo com suas características, em sete grupos genéticos. Nos lotes B, C e Z, predominaram animais de raças Britânicas, Continentais e Zebuínas, respectivamente. Enquanto que, para os grupos BC, BZ e CZ, admitiram-se os seus cruzamentos. Os lotes denominados XX não eram homogêneos geneticamente. Os valores foram deflacionados através do IGP-DI e atenderam os pressupostos paramétricos. O preço de venda foi padronizado em função da mediana anual, assumindo-se que seu valor corresponde a 100%, e os demais valores variaram em sua função. As análises foram realizadas através de funções desenvolvidas e pacotes do software R. A análise de trilha quantificou os efeitos diretos e indiretos das variáveis tomadas como explicativas sobre o preço de venda, em seguida realizaram-se análises de regressão e teste de Tukey. No geral o efeito direto do peso médio foi o maior (0,7), seguido do sexo (0,38). O menor efeito direto foi do grupo genético (-0,075) e do local (-0,04). Observou-se relação exponencial crescente entre peso médio do lote e preço de venda, e relação decrescente (-0,0003 pontos percentuais por quilograma) entre preço kg-1 e peso médio do lote, onde os machos, no geral, foram 15,74% mais valorizados que as fêmeas. O cruzamento entre raças Britânicas x Zebuínas foi o grupo genético mais valorizado, não diferindo das Britânicas (8,93 e 3,57%, respectivamente). E a comercialização no mês de novembro alcançou a maior bonificação, seguida de fevereiro (9,57 e 8,84%, respectivamente, sempre em relação a mediana do ano). O preço de venda cresce linearmente 0,3284 pontos percentuais para cada animal acrescido no lote. Concluiu-se que o peso médio do lote é a variável mais importante na formação do preço de venda, seguido do sexo dos animais. / The objective of this study was to determine and quantify the inherent factors auction that affect the selling price of beef calves. The data were collected in 148 auctions in the cities of Dois Vizinhos and Francisco Beltrao on the selling price (PV), location (L) and month (M) of the auction, genetic group (GG) and lot size (TL) average weight (PE) and sex (S) of animals. 4,312 lots corresponding to 48,588 animals weighing between 100 and 250 kg of January 2004 to December 2014 were observed were classified according to their characteristics in seven genetic groups. In lots B, C and Z, predominated animal breeds British, Continental and Zebu, respectively. While, for BC and BZ CZ groups were admitted their cross. Lots called XX were not genetically homogeneous. The values were deflated by the IGP-DI and met the parametric assumptions. The selling price was standardized by the yearly median, assuming that its value corresponds to 100%, and the other values varied in their function. Analyses were performed by developed functions and software packages R. Path analysis quantified the direct and indirect effects of the variables taken as explanatory of the selling price, then were carried out regression analyzes and Tukey test. Overall the direct effect of the average weight was the highest (0.7), followed by gender (0.38). The smaller direct effect was the genetic group (-0.075) and location (-0.04). There was growing exponential relationship between average weight of the lot and selling price, and decreasing ratio (-0.0003 percentage point per kilogram) between kg-1 price and average weight of the lot, where the males, in general, were 15.74% more valued than females. The cross between British x Zebu breeds was the most valued genetic group did not differ from the British (8.93 and 3.57%, respectively). And the market in November reached the highest bonus, followed by February (9.57 and 8.84%, respectively, always compared to median year). The selling price increases linearly 0.3284 percentage points for each animal plus in the lot. It was concluded that the average weight of the lot is the most important variable in the formation of the selling price, followed by the sex of the animals.

BSE was discovered in Canada in 2003. Research on the impacts of BSE indicates that cattle producers suffered significant economic losses, and that these may have reverberated into local communities, where industries connected to cattle production have sustained secondary impacts. Also, the desirability of different forms of agriculture may have shifted as a result of BSE. This study addresses the impacts of BSE in Alberta from a geographical perspective, examining the cattle industry, community economic structure, and regional agricultural economies. The spatial organization and structure of the cattle herd has changed as a result of BSE. Little evidence of a ripple effect was found in the geography of community economic structure. Spatial changes in regional agricultural economies may be tied to changes in the cattle industry resulting from BSE, but do not indicate significant agricultural restructuring. This study places limits on the spatial and economic impacts of BSE in Alberta. / x, 171 leaves ; maps ; 29 cm

The study was conducted in four rural communities of the Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. The objective of the study was to determine the contribution of beef cattle farming to the income of communal households in Chief Luthuli Municipality. Data were analysed descriptively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors that affect the contribution of beef cattle to income in the study area. It was found that beef cattle farming in the communal areas studied were practiced equally by women (50%) and men (50%). Over 50.5% of respondents were over 51 years old and 9.5% of youth participated in beef cattle farming. The literacy rate among respondents in the study area was 55%, including Grade 11 or below, Grade 12 and post matric education. Approximately 48% of the respondents relied on pension income, while 28.5% reported that the main source of income in their households came from a combination of beef cattle production and pension. 60.5% of the respondents were found to have more than 20 years of beef cattle farming experience, while 36.5% have between one and twelve years’ experience. The majority of the respondents (80%) grazed their cattle on the mountainside, 14.5% said they used communal grazing and 5.5% grazed their animals in their backyard. It was also found that 50% of respondents maintained up to ten head of cattle and the other 50% had more than ten cattle in their herds. Of the households that sold their beef cattle, 77% earned R 10,000 or less per annum while 23% earned between R 11,000 and R 60,000 per annum. Beef cattle farming were therefore found to constitute 19% of household income in the communal areas in Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality. The independent variables which collectively have a statistically significant influence on the income from beef cattle production at 5% level of significance were: number of beef cattle (t = 16.8, P < 0.000) and age at mortality (t = -2.59, P< 0.010). The number of beef cattle has a positive and statistically significant effect and mortality age a negative effect. It was concluded that the 19% contribution to household income coming from beef cattle farming in the study area was to be expected in light of the fact more than half (50.5%) of the respondents were older than 51 years old and 48% of respondents relied on pensions as a source of income. The danger is that because beef cattle farming in the study area have been marginalised as an agricultural activity, the rural poor are decreasingly engaging in beef cattle production as a source of income. / Agriculture / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

The Texas Constitution of 1876 set aside three million acres of Texas public land in exchange for construction of the monumental red granite Capitol that continues to house Texas state government today. The Capitol project and the land went to an Illinois syndicate led by men influential in business and politics. Austin's statehouse is a recognizable symbol of Texas around the world. So too, the massive Panhandle tract given in exchange -- what became the "fabulous" XIT Ranch -- has come to, for many, symbolize Texas and its role in the nineteenth century cattle boom. After finding sales prospects for the land, known as the Capitol Reservation, weak at the time, backed by British capital, the Illinois group, often called the Capitol Syndicate, turned their efforts to cattle ranching to satisfy investors until demand for the land increased. The operation included a satellite ranch in Montana to which two-year-old steers from Texas were sent for fattening, often "over the trail" on a route increasingly blocked by people and settlement. Rather than a study focused on ranching operations on the ground -- the roundups, the cattle drives, the cowboys -- this instead uncovers the business and political side of the Syndicate's ranching operation, headquartered in Chicago. The operation of the XIT Ranch looked more like other Gilded Age businesses employing armies of clerks, bookkeepers, and secretaries instead of how great western ranches have been portrayed for years in popular literature and media. The XIT Ranch existed from 1885 to 1912, yet from Texas to Montana the operation left a deep imprint on community culture and historical memory.

L’histoire sociale du commerce du bétail et de ses acteurs en Brionnais-Charolais, de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours, se confond avec celle de la construction de la filière bovine qui se structure autour de trois spécialités : le naissage, l’embouche et le négoce. Plusieurs étapes, mises en évidence dans la thèse, l’ont jalonnée : développement de l’embouche dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, accès progressif des cultivateurs-éleveurs à l’aisance au cours du XXe siècle, remise en cause des pratiques à partir des années 1960 au profit de l’élevage allaitant. Les apports de cette thèse – réalisée à partir de sources très fragmentaires dans un assemblage qui a nécessité quelque inventivité – à l’histoire rurale, sociale et économique sont multiples. Une mise en perspective des adaptations successives d’un monde agricole en profonde mutation est proposée. L’analyse des changements à l’échelle de la famille, de l’exploitation ou du commerce fait de cette thèse un travail pionnier. Les acteurs de la spécialisation sortent de l’ombre grâce à l’étude, selon une approche prosopographique, d’un corpus d’emboucheurs et de marchands de bestiaux. De même, sont mis en évidence des flux et des réseaux au sein desquels circulent le bétail et l’argent et qui contribuent au désenclavement du territoire observé. Jusqu’au milieu du XXe siècle, la société rurale brionnaise repose sur un équilibre patiemment acquis, bientôt ébranlé par la modernisation de l’agriculture et la Politique agricole commune. La filière s’organise progressivement dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. La professionnalisation du négoce de bétail passe par la fin des maquignons et la mise en place de structures coopératives. Au début du XXIe siècle, la question se pose du devenir des commerçants en bestiaux et de l’élevage dans le berceau de la charolaise. / The social history of cattle trade and its actors in Brionnais-Charolais, from the late 19th century up to nowadays merges into the history of the setting up of the cattle industry which has built itself around three fields : breeding, feeding and trade. My thesis reveals the different stages which have marked it up : from the development of cattle feeding in the second half of the 19th century, then the gradual access to wealth by farmers-breeders during the 20th century, to a questioning of old practices since the 1960s, replaced by brood cows breeding. I have carried out my thesis from very fragmentary sources into an assembly of facts (which had required great inventiveness) and shown how much contribution it could bring to the knowledge of rural, social and economical history. I propose a new perspective on the successive adaptations to a profoundly changing agricultural society. I have analyzed in a pioneering way the changes in the family as well as the farm or the trade fields. Thanks to a prosopographical approach, from a corpus of feeders and cattle dealers, this study brings the actors of specialization to light. In the same way, I have revealed the methods and the networks in which cattle and money circulate and which have contributed to opening up the studied area. Until the mid-20th century, the rural Brionnais society had rested on a patiently acquired equilibrium, soon shaken by a modernized agriculture and the Common Agricultural Policy. In the second half of the 20th century, the industry got itself organized gradually. The professionalization of cattle trade goes through the end of cattle dealers and the setting up of cooperatives. In the early 21st century, one has to wonder about the evolution of cattle traders and of breeding itself in the birthplace of Charolais cattle.