Die durale Fistel des Sinus cavernosus (DSCF) ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die durch kleine abnorme arteriovenöse Verbindungen zwischen A. carotis interna bzw. externa und dem Sinus cavernosus gekennzeichnet ist. Bei nicht entsprechender Diagnostik kann es zu Verschleppung der Diagnose und erheblicher Beeinträchtigung der Patienten bis zum vollständigen Visusverlust kommen. Aus diesem Grund ist die rechzeitige Erkennung der Erkrankung wichtig und für eine effektive therapeutische Maßnahme von Bedeutung. MRT und CT können Anhaltspunkte für eine Verdachtsdiagnose liefern und spielen eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Suche nach intrakraniellen Blutungen oder Infarzierungen. Zum sicheren Ausschluß von insbesondere kleineren Fisteln und mehr noch zur genaueren Therapieplanung ist jedoch die intraarterielle DSA nach wie vor unerlässlich, vor allem um Verwechslungen mit anderen Erkrankungen, wie z. B. endokrine Orbitopathie oder Myositis, zu vermeiden. Die Behandlung der DSCF besteht heute vor allem in der Anwendung endovaskulärer Techniken. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 26 von insgesamt 29 Patienten durch diese Technik behandelt und bei allen ein vollständiger Verschluß erzielt (100%; angiographische Verlaufskontrolle bei 22 Patienten). Die Rate der klinischen Heilung insgesamt betrug 96%, bei einer Komplikationsrate von 3% für ein transientes neurologisches Defizit (Abduzensparese bei einer Patientin). Die endovaskuläre Behandlung von DSCF durch transvenöse Embolisation durch einen erfahrenen Spezialisten stellt heute aufgrund ihrer hohen Effektivität und niedrigen Komplikationsrate die Methode der Wahl dar. Hierbei sind gesteuert ablösbare Platincoils das zu bevorzugende Embolisat. Der Einsatz aggressiver Behandlungsmethoden, insbesondere mikrochirurgischer Techniken bei sogenannten "nicht embolisierbaren Fisteln", hat damit seine Berechtigung weitgehend verloren. / The dural fistula of the cavernous sinus (DCSF) is a rare disease, characterized by abnormal arteriovenous communication between the internal or external carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Inadequate diagnostic procedures may delay the correct diagnosis as well as the appropriate therapeutic management with deterioration of the patient's symptoms and possible visual loss. Therefore, early recognition of the disease is important for effective therapeutic management. MRI and CT may be helpful in leading to the diagnosis and play an important role in excluding intracranial hemorrhage or infarction. For definite diagnosis, in particular of small low-flow fistulas and to avoid misdiagnosis such as endocrine orbitopathy or myositis as well as for therapeutic planning, intraarterial DSA is still mandatory. Therapeutic management of DCSFs today consists mainly in performing endovascular techniques. In the here presented study, 26 of 29 patients were treated using transvenous embolization. Complete occlusion was achieved in 100% (angiographic follow-up available in 22 patients). Clinical cure was achieved in 96%. The complication rate was 3% for transient neurological deficit (6th nerve palsy in one patient). Because of its high success rate and the low complication rate, endovascular treatment of DCSF using transvenous embolization by an experienced operator represents today the method of choice. Detachable platinum coils is the preferable embolic agent. More aggressive methods, in particular microsurgical techniques in cases of so-called "intractable fistulas" should no longer be used.

Résumé : Nous avons d’abord souhaité, dans ce travail de thèse, préciser les mécanismes moléculaires conduisant à l'expression ectopique du récepteur du GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor, GIPR) dans des adénomes somatotropes provenant de patients présentant une acromégalie avec une réponse paradoxale (stimulation) de l’hormone de croissance au glucose par voie orale. Nous avons montré que l’expression ectopique de GIPR se produit par une activation transcriptionnelle hypomorphe du gène GIPR associée à des anomalies de méthylation dans le corps du gène. L’activation de la voie AMP cyclique par le GIP postprandial dans les adénomes exprimant le GIPR peut représenter un mécanisme alternatif de la tumorigenèse somatotrope en l’absence de mutations de l’oncogène GNAS.Nous rapportons d’autre part une analyse cytogénétique approfondie des adénomes somatotropes, qui nous a permis de définir deux groupes d'adénomes, un groupe à faible altération du nombre de copies et un groupe à forte altération du nombre de copies. Deux tumeurs présentaient des réarrangements chromosomiques complexes avec une signature typique de chromothripsis, et une architecture sous-clonale incluant jusqu’à six populations cellulaires différentes, témoignant d’une hétérogénéité intratumorale importante.Dans une collection d'adénomes hypophysaires invasifs comportant la portion intrasellaire et la portion envahissante le sinus caverneux, nous avons montré par RNA-seq des profils d'expression génique divergents, apportant des arguments supplémentaires en faveur de l'hétérogénéité intratumorale dans ces tumeurs bénignes. Les échantillons tumoraux provenant de portions invasives ont montré une surexpression de la voie de transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse et des marqueurs de cellules souches cancéreuses soulignant leur rôle potentiel dans l’acquisition du phénotype invasif des cellules adénomateuses hypophysaires. / AbstractIn this work, we explored the molecular mechanisms of ectopic glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) expression in somatotroph adenomas from patients with acromegaly displaying a paradoxical GH increase to oral glucose. We showed that ectopic GIPR expression occurs through hypomorphic transcriptional activation of GIPR gene likely driven by DNA methylation changes. Activation of the cAMP pathway by postprandial GIP may represent an alternative tumorigenic mechanism in GIPR expressing somatotroph adenomas without driver mutations in GNAS oncogene. Cytogenetic profiling defined two groups of adenomas, a low-copy-number alteration (CNA) group and a high-CNA group.Two tumor samples displayed complex chromosomal rearrangements compatible with chromothripsis and showed subclonal architecture with up to six distinct cell population in each tumor, demonstrating an important intratumor heterogeneity.In a collection of invasive pituitary adenomas including the non-invasive intrasellar portions and the portions invading the cavernous sinuses, we showed by RNA-seq different gene expression profiles, providing supplemental evidence for the intratumoral heterogeneity in these benign tumors. Tumor samples from invasive portions showed up-regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and increased expression of cancer stem-cell markers highlighting their potential role in pituitary tumor cell invasive behavior.

Introdução: Radiocirurgia estereotática (RCE) e radioterapia estereotática fracionada (RCEF) são inovações modernas de procedimentos radioterápicos, de alta precisão que modelam o feixe de radiação para coincidir com o contorno da lesão, por meio de um sistema de imobilização exata do paciente ao aparelho, com definição do alvo através da fusão de imagens de RM, TC, Angiografia e PET/CT; em que pelas coordenadas de referência estereotática, determina-se que a dose de radiação de alta energia prescrita pelo médico seja depositada somente no volume-alvo, com preservação dos tecidos sadios, órgãos ou estruturas localizadas em suas adjacências. Meningeomas do seio cavernoso (MSCs) representam um problema especial porque podem evoluir comprimindo ou infiltrando estruturas neurovasculares presentes no seio cavernoso. Há evidências de que a RCE e a RCEF proporcionam controle satisfatório do crescimento dos meningeomas do seio cavernoso (MSCs) com efeitos adversos reduzidos. Objetivo: Avaliar resultados da avaliação clínica e da neuroimagem de doentes sintomáticos com MSCs tratados com RCEF ou RCE exclusivamente ou de modo adjuvante à neurocirurgia. Casuística e métodos: Estudo tipo coorte e retrospectivo sobre a avaliação de 89 doentes com MSC sintomático tratados com RCE (36%) ou RCEF (64%) entre janeiro de 1994 e março de 2009 e acompanhados até o final de 2012. Haviam sido submetidos à ressecação neurocirúrgica parcial (Simpson IV) ou à biopsia (Simpson V) previamente à radioterapia 29,2% dos doentes. A dose média de RCE foi de 14Gy, e a dose total de RCEF variou entre 50,4 e 54Gy, sendo fracionada em 1,8-2Gy/dose/dia. Resultados: O período de acompanhamento variou entre 36 e 180 meses (mediana de 73 meses). A percentagem de melhora dos sintomas neuroclínicos individuais e de melhora clínica e radiológica (p > 0,05) apresentou valores semelhantes nos doentes tratados com RCE ou RCEF, sendo respectivamente de 41,6% e 48,3%. Em 37% dos doentes, houve manutenção de, pelo menos, uma queixa neurológica apresentada antes do tratamento e, em 43,8%, a imagem do MSC manteve-se inalterada. O período livre de progressão do MSC em 5, 10 e 15 anos foi de 98,8%, 92,3% e 92,3%, respectivamente. Houve progressão da doença em quatro doentes (4,5%). A melhora dos sintomas neurológicos em doentes submetidos previamente à neurocirurgia ocorreu de maneira mais lenta em relação aos não operados, em razão de manipulação de nervos cranianos. Alguns sintomas pós-operatórios, como a ptose palpebral unilateral, persistiram permanentemente. Nenhuma complicação grave foi observada. Sete doentes apresentaram neuropatia óptica transitória durante 3 meses que melhorou com o uso de corticoides, dois neuropatia trigeminal que melhorou com uso de esteroides e um doente apresentou obstrução total da artéria carótida interna sem repercussão neurológica. Letargia e cefaléia foram os sintomas temporários imediatos mais frequentes. Conclusões: A RCEF e a RCE são métodos seguros e eficazes para tratar doentes com MSC sintomático. Proporcionam melhora ou estabilização da sintomatologia na maioria dos casos, e estabilização ou regressão do tumor demonstrado pela neuroimagem em mais de 90% deles. Ocorreu recuperação dos sintomas neurológicos preexistentes mais rapidamente em doentes não submetidos previamente à neurocirurgia. Houve recorrência do tumor em 4,5% dos doentes. Em até 15 anos de acompanhamento, não se evidenciou indução tumoral com o tratamento / Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRS) are modern innovations in radiotherapy procedures, precision shaping the radiation beam to match the contour of the lesion, through a system of accurate patient immobilization to the device, defining target through the fusion of MRI, CT, angiography and PET / CT, which is determined by reference to stereotactic coordinates. The radiation dose of high energy prescribed by the doctor to be delivery only in the target interest, with preservation of healthy tissues, organs or structures located in their vicinity. Cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSMs) pose a special problem because they can evolve compressing or infiltrating the neurovascular structures present of the cavernous sinus. There are evidences that SRS and FRS are efficient in the treatment of CSMs. Objectives: The evaluation of the long-term clinical results and neuroimaging findings in patients with symptomatic CSM treated with FSRT or SRS as single therapy or after a previous neurosurgical treatment. Patients and methods: Retrospective cohort study involving 89 patients with symptomatic CSMs treated with SRS (36%) or FSRS (64%) from January 1994 to March 2009, and followed until the end of 2012. Previous neurosurgical partial resection (Simpson IV) or biopsies (Simpson V) had been performed in 29.2% of the patients. The median dose of SRS was 14Gy and the total dose of FSRT ranged from 50.4 to 54Gy, fractionated in 1.8 to 2Gy/dose/day. Results: The follow-up period ranged from 36 to 180 months (median= 73months). There was improvement in the individual symptoms and in the clinical and radiological findings regardless the radiotherapeutic method in 41.6% and 48.3% of the patients treated with SRS or FSRT, respectively (p > 0,05). In 37% of the patients, at least one neurological complaint present before the treatment did not change and in 43.8% patients, the image of the tumor remained stable. The progression-free survival in 5, 10 and 15 years was 98.8%, 92.3% and 92.3%, respectively. The improvement of neurological symptoms in patients previously treated with neurosurgery was slower or did not occur as in nonpreviously operated patients. Lethargy and headache were the most frequent transient immediate post-radiotherapy symptoms. Seven patients presented transient optic neuropathy during 3 months and improved with corticosteroids, 2 presented trigeminal neuropathy that remitted rapidly with steroids, and one, had total occlusion of the internal carotid artery without neurological consequences. Conclusions: Both FSRT and SRS were equally safe and effective in the management of symptomatic CSMs. There was improvement or stabilization of the neurological symptoms in the majority ofthe patients and stabilization or regression of the neuroimaging of the lesion in more them 90% of them. The recovery of preexisting cranial neuropathies occurred faster and was more frequent in patients not previously treated with surgical procedure. There was recurrence in 4.5% of the patients. No radiation-induced tumor was observed term during the longest 15 years follow-up

O objetivo do autor neste trabalho foi definir critérios pré-operatórios de invasão do seio cavernoso em imagens de Ressonância Magnética (RM) de pacientes com adenomas hipofisários. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram revisadas as imagens de RM de 103 pacientes com adenomas hipofisários tratados cirurgicamente (48 com invasão do seio cavernoso) e compararam 8 sinais de imagem com os achados cirúrgicos (critério de referência para invasão). A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado (X2), e a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo(VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram obtidos para cada grupo de sinais. Também foram calculados, por regressão logística, os valores de \"odds ratio\" dos critérios mais significativos, e realizada a regressão logística múltipla para análise conjunta desses critérios. O seio cavernoso não estava invadido com certeza quando: a glândula hipofisária normal estava interposta entre ele e o adenoma (VPP, 100%); o compartimento venoso medial foi visibilizado (VPP, 100%); a porcentagem de envolvimento carotídeo pelo tumor foi menor que 25% (VPN, 100%) e o tumor não cruzava a linha intercarotídea medial (VPN, 100%). A invasão do seio cavernoso era certa (VPP, 100%) se: a porcentagem de envolvimento carotídeo era igual ou maior que 45%; 3 ou mais compartimentos venosos não eram visibilizados e o compartimento venoso lateral não era visibilizado. A presença de invasão era altamente sugestiva quando: o compartimento venoso inferior não era visibilizado (VPP, 92,8%); o tumor cruzava a linha intercarotídea lateral (VPP, 96,1%) e quando a parede dural lateral do seio cavernoso estava abaulada (VPP, 92,3%). Na análise conjunta, o critério com maior significância estatística para invasão foi o envolvimento carotídeo pelo adenoma > 30% / The author\'s objective in this study was to define preoperative MRI criteria of cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenoma. In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the MR images of 103 patients with pituitary adenomas treated surgically (48 with cavernous sinus invasion) and compared 8 groups of MR imaging signs with the surgical findings (the standard of reference criterion for invasion). Statistical analysis was performed using a qui-square test (X2), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were obtained for each group of signs. The odds ratio of the most significant criteria was also obtained and the multiple logistic regression test was used to evaluate the criteria all together. The cavernous sinus was definitely not invaded when: normal pituitary gland was interposed between the adenoma and it (PPV, 100%); the medial venous compartment was depicted (PPV, 100%); the percentage of encasement of the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) was lower than 25% (NPV, 100%) and the medial intercarotid line was not crossed (NPV, 100%). Invasion of the cavernous sinus was certain (PPV, 100%) if: the percentage of encasement of the intracavernous ICA was 45% or greater and three or more venous compartment or the lateral venous compartment was not depicted. It was highly probable invaded if: the inferior venous compartment was not depicted (PPV, 92,8%); the lateral intercarotid line was crossed (PPV, 96,1%) and the lateral dural wall of the cavernous sinus was bulged (PPV, 92,3%). The most valuable criterion of cavernous sinus invasion by statistical analysis was the percentage of encasement of intracavernous ICA >30%.

O objetivo do autor neste trabalho foi definir critérios pré-operatórios de invasão do seio cavernoso em imagens de Ressonância Magnética (RM) de pacientes com adenomas hipofisários. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram revisadas as imagens de RM de 103 pacientes com adenomas hipofisários tratados cirurgicamente (48 com invasão do seio cavernoso) e compararam 8 sinais de imagem com os achados cirúrgicos (critério de referência para invasão). A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado (X2), e a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo(VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram obtidos para cada grupo de sinais. Também foram calculados, por regressão logística, os valores de \"odds ratio\" dos critérios mais significativos, e realizada a regressão logística múltipla para análise conjunta desses critérios. O seio cavernoso não estava invadido com certeza quando: a glândula hipofisária normal estava interposta entre ele e o adenoma (VPP, 100%); o compartimento venoso medial foi visibilizado (VPP, 100%); a porcentagem de envolvimento carotídeo pelo tumor foi menor que 25% (VPN, 100%) e o tumor não cruzava a linha intercarotídea medial (VPN, 100%). A invasão do seio cavernoso era certa (VPP, 100%) se: a porcentagem de envolvimento carotídeo era igual ou maior que 45%; 3 ou mais compartimentos venosos não eram visibilizados e o compartimento venoso lateral não era visibilizado. A presença de invasão era altamente sugestiva quando: o compartimento venoso inferior não era visibilizado (VPP, 92,8%); o tumor cruzava a linha intercarotídea lateral (VPP, 96,1%) e quando a parede dural lateral do seio cavernoso estava abaulada (VPP, 92,3%). Na análise conjunta, o critério com maior significância estatística para invasão foi o envolvimento carotídeo pelo adenoma > 30% / The author\'s objective in this study was to define preoperative MRI criteria of cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenoma. In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the MR images of 103 patients with pituitary adenomas treated surgically (48 with cavernous sinus invasion) and compared 8 groups of MR imaging signs with the surgical findings (the standard of reference criterion for invasion). Statistical analysis was performed using a qui-square test (X2), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were obtained for each group of signs. The odds ratio of the most significant criteria was also obtained and the multiple logistic regression test was used to evaluate the criteria all together. The cavernous sinus was definitely not invaded when: normal pituitary gland was interposed between the adenoma and it (PPV, 100%); the medial venous compartment was depicted (PPV, 100%); the percentage of encasement of the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) was lower than 25% (NPV, 100%) and the medial intercarotid line was not crossed (NPV, 100%). Invasion of the cavernous sinus was certain (PPV, 100%) if: the percentage of encasement of the intracavernous ICA was 45% or greater and three or more venous compartment or the lateral venous compartment was not depicted. It was highly probable invaded if: the inferior venous compartment was not depicted (PPV, 92,8%); the lateral intercarotid line was crossed (PPV, 96,1%) and the lateral dural wall of the cavernous sinus was bulged (PPV, 92,3%). The most valuable criterion of cavernous sinus invasion by statistical analysis was the percentage of encasement of intracavernous ICA >30%.

Introdução: Radiocirurgia estereotática (RCE) e radioterapia estereotática fracionada (RCEF) são inovações modernas de procedimentos radioterápicos, de alta precisão que modelam o feixe de radiação para coincidir com o contorno da lesão, por meio de um sistema de imobilização exata do paciente ao aparelho, com definição do alvo através da fusão de imagens de RM, TC, Angiografia e PET/CT; em que pelas coordenadas de referência estereotática, determina-se que a dose de radiação de alta energia prescrita pelo médico seja depositada somente no volume-alvo, com preservação dos tecidos sadios, órgãos ou estruturas localizadas em suas adjacências. Meningeomas do seio cavernoso (MSCs) representam um problema especial porque podem evoluir comprimindo ou infiltrando estruturas neurovasculares presentes no seio cavernoso. Há evidências de que a RCE e a RCEF proporcionam controle satisfatório do crescimento dos meningeomas do seio cavernoso (MSCs) com efeitos adversos reduzidos. Objetivo: Avaliar resultados da avaliação clínica e da neuroimagem de doentes sintomáticos com MSCs tratados com RCEF ou RCE exclusivamente ou de modo adjuvante à neurocirurgia. Casuística e métodos: Estudo tipo coorte e retrospectivo sobre a avaliação de 89 doentes com MSC sintomático tratados com RCE (36%) ou RCEF (64%) entre janeiro de 1994 e março de 2009 e acompanhados até o final de 2012. Haviam sido submetidos à ressecação neurocirúrgica parcial (Simpson IV) ou à biopsia (Simpson V) previamente à radioterapia 29,2% dos doentes. A dose média de RCE foi de 14Gy, e a dose total de RCEF variou entre 50,4 e 54Gy, sendo fracionada em 1,8-2Gy/dose/dia. Resultados: O período de acompanhamento variou entre 36 e 180 meses (mediana de 73 meses). A percentagem de melhora dos sintomas neuroclínicos individuais e de melhora clínica e radiológica (p > 0,05) apresentou valores semelhantes nos doentes tratados com RCE ou RCEF, sendo respectivamente de 41,6% e 48,3%. Em 37% dos doentes, houve manutenção de, pelo menos, uma queixa neurológica apresentada antes do tratamento e, em 43,8%, a imagem do MSC manteve-se inalterada. O período livre de progressão do MSC em 5, 10 e 15 anos foi de 98,8%, 92,3% e 92,3%, respectivamente. Houve progressão da doença em quatro doentes (4,5%). A melhora dos sintomas neurológicos em doentes submetidos previamente à neurocirurgia ocorreu de maneira mais lenta em relação aos não operados, em razão de manipulação de nervos cranianos. Alguns sintomas pós-operatórios, como a ptose palpebral unilateral, persistiram permanentemente. Nenhuma complicação grave foi observada. Sete doentes apresentaram neuropatia óptica transitória durante 3 meses que melhorou com o uso de corticoides, dois neuropatia trigeminal que melhorou com uso de esteroides e um doente apresentou obstrução total da artéria carótida interna sem repercussão neurológica. Letargia e cefaléia foram os sintomas temporários imediatos mais frequentes. Conclusões: A RCEF e a RCE são métodos seguros e eficazes para tratar doentes com MSC sintomático. Proporcionam melhora ou estabilização da sintomatologia na maioria dos casos, e estabilização ou regressão do tumor demonstrado pela neuroimagem em mais de 90% deles. Ocorreu recuperação dos sintomas neurológicos preexistentes mais rapidamente em doentes não submetidos previamente à neurocirurgia. Houve recorrência do tumor em 4,5% dos doentes. Em até 15 anos de acompanhamento, não se evidenciou indução tumoral com o tratamento / Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRS) are modern innovations in radiotherapy procedures, precision shaping the radiation beam to match the contour of the lesion, through a system of accurate patient immobilization to the device, defining target through the fusion of MRI, CT, angiography and PET / CT, which is determined by reference to stereotactic coordinates. The radiation dose of high energy prescribed by the doctor to be delivery only in the target interest, with preservation of healthy tissues, organs or structures located in their vicinity. Cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSMs) pose a special problem because they can evolve compressing or infiltrating the neurovascular structures present of the cavernous sinus. There are evidences that SRS and FRS are efficient in the treatment of CSMs. Objectives: The evaluation of the long-term clinical results and neuroimaging findings in patients with symptomatic CSM treated with FSRT or SRS as single therapy or after a previous neurosurgical treatment. Patients and methods: Retrospective cohort study involving 89 patients with symptomatic CSMs treated with SRS (36%) or FSRS (64%) from January 1994 to March 2009, and followed until the end of 2012. Previous neurosurgical partial resection (Simpson IV) or biopsies (Simpson V) had been performed in 29.2% of the patients. The median dose of SRS was 14Gy and the total dose of FSRT ranged from 50.4 to 54Gy, fractionated in 1.8 to 2Gy/dose/day. Results: The follow-up period ranged from 36 to 180 months (median= 73months). There was improvement in the individual symptoms and in the clinical and radiological findings regardless the radiotherapeutic method in 41.6% and 48.3% of the patients treated with SRS or FSRT, respectively (p > 0,05). In 37% of the patients, at least one neurological complaint present before the treatment did not change and in 43.8% patients, the image of the tumor remained stable. The progression-free survival in 5, 10 and 15 years was 98.8%, 92.3% and 92.3%, respectively. The improvement of neurological symptoms in patients previously treated with neurosurgery was slower or did not occur as in nonpreviously operated patients. Lethargy and headache were the most frequent transient immediate post-radiotherapy symptoms. Seven patients presented transient optic neuropathy during 3 months and improved with corticosteroids, 2 presented trigeminal neuropathy that remitted rapidly with steroids, and one, had total occlusion of the internal carotid artery without neurological consequences. Conclusions: Both FSRT and SRS were equally safe and effective in the management of symptomatic CSMs. There was improvement or stabilization of the neurological symptoms in the majority ofthe patients and stabilization or regression of the neuroimaging of the lesion in more them 90% of them. The recovery of preexisting cranial neuropathies occurred faster and was more frequent in patients not previously treated with surgical procedure. There was recurrence in 4.5% of the patients. No radiation-induced tumor was observed term during the longest 15 years follow-up