Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-156).

Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Rogers, P. H.; Committee Member: Ferri, A. A.; Committee Member: Ruzzene, M.; Committee Member: Smith, M. K.; Committee Member: Trivett, D.; Committee Member: Zinn, B. T. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

A numerical panel method based on the potential flow theory has been refined and applied to the simulations of steady and unsteady cavitating flows inside water-jet pumps. The potential flow inside the water-jet is solved simultaneously in order to take the interaction of all geometries (blades, hub and casing) into account. The integral equation and boundary conditions for the water-jet problem are formulated and solved by distributing constant dipoles and sources on blades, hub and shroud surfaces, and constant dipoles in the trailing wake sheets behind the rotor (or stator) blades. The interaction between the rotor and stator is carried out based on an iterative procedure by considering the circumferentially averaged velocities induced on each one by the other. The present numerical scheme is coupled with a 2-D axisymmetric version of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver to evaluate the pressure rise on the shroud and simulate viscous flow fields inside the pump. A tip gap model based on a 2-D orifice equation derived from Bernoulli’s obstruction theory is implemented in the present method to analyze the clearance effect between the blade tip and the shroud inner wall in a global sense. The reduction of the flow from losses in the orifice can be defined in terms of an empirically determined discharge coefficient (CQ) representing the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure difference across the gap because of the viscous effect in the tip gap region. The simulations of the rotor/stator interaction, the prediction of partial and super cavitation on the rotor blade and their effects on the hydrodynamic performance including the thrust/torque breakdown of a water-jet pump are presented. The predicted results, including the power coefficient (P*), head coefficient (H*), pump efficiency (η), thrust and torque coefficients (KT and KQ), as well as the cavity patterns are compared and validated against the experimental data from a series of on the ONR AxWJ-2 pump at NSWCCD. / text

Aluminum alloys are of great interest to the automobile industry for vehicle mass reduction, which improves vehicle performance and reduces emissions. Hot forming processes, such as superplastic forming (SPF) and quick-plastic forming (QPF) have been developed to take advantage of the improved formability of certain aluminum materials at elevated temperature. Commercial fine-grained aluminum alloy AA5083 sheet is the most commonly used material in the SPF and QPF forming processes. Hot formability of AA5083 is often limited by material cavitation during forming, which makes understanding and controlling cavitation an issue of primary importance for improving hot sheet forming processes. The thermomechanical processing history of AA5083 can strongly affect superplastic performance, causing variations in formability between material lots. These variations are closely related to microstructure, and intermetallic particles are prime suspects for controlling cavitation behavior. However, there has been little more than anecdotal evidence available that these particles nucleate or influence cavitation. Interactions between intermetallic particles and cavities were, thus, analyzed using both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) microstructure characterization techniques. Analysis of 3-D microstructures from AA5083 specimens deformed under conditions similar to the SPF and QPF processes provide conclusive proof that cavities form at specific types of intermetallic particles. Differences in cavitation between materials deformed under the SPF and QPF processes result from differences in deformation mechanisms. These differences are illustrated by the formation of filaments on fracture surfaces of superplastically deformed AA5083 specimens, which have been characterized. / text

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Various sensing and digital signal processing approaches to detect cavitation in a water jet propulsion unit were examined based on results in the literature. Several commercially viable sensors were evaluated based upon their ability to detect the cavitation phenomenon, cost, and robustness. An algorithm has been implemented and tested against data recorded from the candidate sensors. The combination of vibration and pressure sensors and the algorithm appear promising and a path for further development and testing is available to Hamilton Jet.

Baigiamajame darbe apžvelgiamos organinių medžiagų skaidymo ultragarsu sistemos. Didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas dumblių skaidymo ultragarsu sistemoms. Apžvelgiamos dumblių pritaikymo, jų auginimo ir išgavimo tendencijos. Nagrinėjama išilginių virpesių ultragarsinė dumblių skaidymo sistema „UIP 1000hd”. Darbo tikslas - Standartinio ultragarsinio įrenginio(UIP1000hd Set ) pagalba ištirti botanikos institute auginamų dumblių (augalinių bioląstelių) skaidymo galimybę. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įsisavinti naują ultragarsinę įrangą, išmokti naudoti įvairius titaninius koncentratorius, nustatyti reikiamus augalinių bioląstelių skaidymo režimus, išmokti registruoti ultragarsinės sistemos elektrinius ir mechaninius parametrus. 2. Susipažinti su pramoninių dumblių auginimo specifika. Kartu su Botanikos instituto mokslininkais organizuoti tyrimo objekto - dumblių(augalinių bioląstelių) bandomosios partijos užauginimą. 3. Išdirbti dumblių skaidymo lygio vertinimo (tyrimo) metodiką. 4. Išdirbti dumblių skaidymo tyrimo įrenginiu UIP1000hd Set metodiką. 5. Atlikti ultragarsinės sistemos ir kavituojamo skysčio su organine medžiaga virpesių pasiskirstymo analizę ( sistemos kompiuterinis modeliavimas turimomis laboratorijoje programomis). 6. Iš elektrinės ir mechaninės pusės ištirti ultragarsinę sistemą : nustatyti varžines - dažnumines ir amplitudines – dažnumines charakteristikas esant įvairioms elektrin4ms galioms, laisvame ir apkrautame režime. 7. Atlikti 2-3 rūšių pramoninių dumblių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master’s Thesis provides an overview on the systems of organic matter decomposition by ultrasound. The focus is on the systems of algal ultrasound decomposition. The tendencies of algae adaptation, cultivation and extraction were reviewed. The ultrasonic algae decomposition system of longitudinal oscillation named “UIP 1000hd” was analyzed. The aims and objectives of the thesis: The aim - is to examine the decomposition possibility of algae (bio cells) growing in the Botanical Institute with the help of standard ultrasound device (UIP1000hd Set). Objectives: 1. To learn about the new ultrasound equipment, learn to use a variety of titanium concentrators, set the required decomposition modes of bio cells, learn to record electrical and mechanical parameters of the ultrasound system. 2. To familiarize with the specifics of industrial algae cultivation. To organize the experimental batch cultivation of the object of the research - algae (plant bio cells) - together with scientists of the Botanical Institute. 3. To master the assessment (research) methodology of the level of algae division. 4. To master the methodology of the algae decomposition equipment UIP1000hd Set. 5. To carry out the distribution of vibration analysis of the ultrasound system and the cativating with the organic matter (the system modeling by computer using programs that are in the Laboratory). 6. To investigate the electrical and mechanical sides of the ultrasound system: to set... [to full text]

Siphonic roof drainage systems are finding increasing acceptance amongst architects and builders of large commercial buildings in Australia. The benefits of siphonic roof drainage over conventional roof drainage systems include underground excavation savings, higher flow volumes, fewer outlets and stormwater harvesting and reuse potential. Siphonic roof drainage systems are generally designed using the steady state Bernoulli and the Colebrook-White equations. Both of these equations assume a full bore flow regime which only occurs for short periods in siphonic systems. This means that the majority of storm events do not cause the system to run at its full capacity or efficiency. In Australia, systems are designed to cope with a maximum design rainfall intensity, usually the 1 in 100 year storm event. While the performance of siphonic roof drainage systems at this rainfall intensity is well understood, the system performance at lower rainfall intensities and unsteady flow regimes is largely unknown. This research aims to investigate and identify the improvements which can be effected to the overall performance of siphonic roof drainage by the removal of air from the system. The research will also investigate the effect the air entrainment has on siphonic flows. / PhD Doctorate

This thesis evaluates the application of Reynolds equation in calculating fluid film forces (FFFs) in circumferential groove journal bearings (CGJBs) with both balanced and unbalanced rotors. The existing rig was fabricated at UNSW for that purpose. Unfortunately the rig was unsuitable because it was unstable at speeds as low as 500 rpm. This occurred because, when designing the rig, the traditional ??-film cavitation boundary model (CBM) was used. Consequently a modified cavitation boundary model (MCBM) was proposed which correctly predicted the instability threshold of the rig. Using the MCBM, new bearings were installed and the modified rig was stable in the required speed range up to 2400 rpm. Two existing computer programs to calculate bearing stiffness and damping coefficients and FFFs were modified for the purposes of this study. In addition, only dynamic components (AC components) of experimental FFFs could be measured accurately. The vertical mean value (DC component) of experimental FFF was approximated to the vertical reaction force and the horizontal DC component of experimental FFF was approximated to zero at each bearing. This thesis concludes that the numerical solution of Reynolds equation to calculate DC components of FFFs in a CGJB is valid with a proper selection of CBM. The agreement of AC components of the FFFs were good with a balanced rotor, but were poor with an unbalanced rotor. The modified CBM is more accurate than the existing ??-film CBMs. The cavity region is important to obtain accurate numerical results and depends on test conditions, bearing dimensions, etc. To design for critical speeds, cavitation pressure could be either oil vapour pressure or atmospheric pressure; however, to design for stability, cavitation pressure should be oil vapour pressure, or even much lower. Two halves of a CGJB carried different loads because of misalignment and different clearances. In addition, reducing length and increasing clearance significantly increased the stability of the rig. Finally, to obtain perfect agreement between numerical and experimental FFFs, short bearings and a smaller clearance ratio are strongly recommended. A special design to measure cavitation pressure is suggested.