As expectativas dinâmicas de um mundo de inovações tecnológicas, consubstanciados por explorações menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, dirigidas a um mercado consumista emergente, representam desafios para soluções de problemas de engenharia dirigidos para diversos segmentos da sociedade. Com o desenvolvimento do concreto compactado com rolo (CCR), a partir dos anos 70, o emprego de vertedouros em degraus em barragens de gravidade tornou-se uma solução atrativa, visto que, proporciona, simultaneamente, o aumento da dissipação da energia do escoamento e a redução do tempo e dos custos de implantação dessas obras. Atualmente, têm-se usado como restrições ao seu emprego de vertedouros em degraus valores máximos de vazões específicas que, sem um limite consensual, vêm tolhendo suas potencialidades. A macrorugosidade da calha acelera o processo de aeração do escoamento, se comparado com um vertedouro de soleira lisa, protegendo, para a zona aerada, os degraus contra erosão por cavitação. Entretanto, para o trecho não aerado do escoamento, existem riscos desse processo se estabelecer. As descontinuidades da fronteira sólida propiciam a sucessiva separação da camada limite nos cantos externos dos degraus. Nessa região são geradas pressões muito baixas. O presente estudo, realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, objetivou, através de medições experimentais, descrever, caracterizar e modelar pressões hidrodinâmicas nas soleiras dos degraus, estabelecendo limites para incipiência à cavitação no trecho não-aerado do escoamento. Três calhas escalonadas com declividade 1V:0,75H e alturas de degraus iguais a 0,03 m; 0,06 m e 0,09 m foram projetadas e construídas para a investigação. As amostras de pressões registradas com transmissores de pressão a 50 Hz e duração de 3minutos e 12 horas possibilitaram caracterizar o campo de pressão identificando zonas críticas, bem como, avaliando o comportamento estatístico dessas solicitações. As maiores flutuações de pressões foram registradas nas extremidades externas dos degraus e na seção de afloramento da camada limite, chegando a valores negativos de 0,69 vezes a distância vertical entre a crista e a seção analisada. Determinaram-se freqüências dominantes compreendidas entre 7-18 Hz, com valores máximos situados nos patamares dosdegraus. Os números adimensionais de Strouhal, calculados com as freqüências predominantes e as profundidades equivalente do escoamento, diminuíram de 0,40 a 0,04 no sentido do fluxo. Quanto aos limites de incipiência à cavitação, as vazões especificas mais restritivas ao emprego de vertedouros em degraus ficaram na faixa entre 11,3 e 15,6 m²/s com velocidades médias da ordem de 17 m/s, obtidas para a seção de afloramento da camada limite. / Hydraulic researchers have to accomplish the technological and construction materials innovations to new security design project criteria compatible to low costs requirement. At 70’s years, with the development of the Roller Compact Concrete (RCC), the use of stepped spillways has become an attractive solution for gravity dams. In steeply sloping stepped spillways, the large step macro-roughness promotes the occurrence of negative pressures on the step cavity, particularly near the external edge of the vertical step face. Consequently one may expect the occurrence of sub-atmospheric pressure conditions capable to induce cavitation for velocities lower than those observed in smooth chute spillways. Predicting cavitation damage is more complex than predicting cavitation inception. Flow conditions leading to the onset of cavitation are generally conservative in predicting damage. The severity of damage that may be expected is related both to intensity of cavitation and time of exposure. There is still no consensus on the maximum unit discharge or flow velocity which assures cavitation safe design of stepped spillways.The study carried through in the Institute of Hydraulic Research (UFRGS - Brazil), had the main goal: described, characterized and modeled experimental measurements of hydrodynamic pressures on the faces of the steps and established limits of incipient cavitation. Three stepped chutes with declivity 1V:0.75H and 0.03 m; 0.06 m and 0.09 m steps heights were projected. The samples of pressures were registered with pressure transmitters with 50 Hz and 3 minutes duration. Long-duration test were also conducted (12 hours sample size) that permitted characterize the pressure field, identifying critical zones, as well as, evaluating its statistical behaviour. The largest fluctuating pressures had been registered in the outer corner on the steps and at the inception point of air entrainment. At this last position can be expected negative pressure values close to 0.69 times the vertical distance between the crest and the analyzed section. The dominant frequencies found varied between 7-18 Hz. The dimensionless number of Strouhal calculated with the predominant frequencies and the clear equivalent depth, had diminished of 0.40 the 0.04 in the direction of the flow. The pressure measurements indicated specific discharge between 11.3-15.6 m²/s and average velocity in order of 17 m/s to inception cavitation process near the inception point.

O uso de comportas ou válvulas em condutos para efetuar o controle de fluxo em estruturas hidráulicas é bastante usual. Uma das aplicações deste tipo de dispositivo de controle de vazões é para fazer o enchimento e esvaziamento de câmaras de eclusas de navegação. Entretanto, a sua aplicação deve ser feita com cuidado em função da complexidade do escoamento, o qual pode apresentar grandes variações de velocidade e pressões junto à base e ao teto da galeria a jusante da comporta. O gradiente de pressão pode variar no tempo e no espaço podendo vir a ocasionar danos por erosão (desgaste) e/ou cavitação. Assim, torna-se fundamental obter critérios para a estimativa de previsão do valor dessas pressões para, então, poder inferir a possibilidade de danos junto à superfície sólida, permitindo que se determinem as condições críticas de operação que devem ser evitadas ou minimizadas durante as operações de esvaziamento ou de enchimento da câmara da eclusa. Esta pesquisa procura apresentar o estado da arte em relação à distribuição longitudinal das pressões a jusante de comportas tipo segmento invertida e os resultados e análises desenvolvidas em um modelo físico de laboratório. Estes estudos permitiram compreender o comportamento das pressões e verificar se o método sugerido por Batistton (2013), para estimar os valores da distribuição longitudinal das pressões junto à base e o teto da galeria a jusante da comporta, podem ser aplicados para todas as aberturas da comporta. As análises desenvolvidas consentiram observar que as situações críticas ocorrem para aberturas entre 40% e 60% e que as pressões mínimas ocorrem em uma distância adimensional ( ) em torno de 2 a 6. Destaca-se que todos os resultados apresentados na presente pesquisa são válidos para coeficiente de pressão média para abertura de 100% da comporta, CP* 100%, entre 2,8 e 65,9. / The practice of using of gates or valves in conduits to control the flow in hydraulic structures is a common one. One of the applications for this type of device is the flow control for filling and emptying navigation locks. However proper care should be taken when applying those due to the inherit complexity of the flows, which can present significant pressure and velocity fluctuation in the regions next to the floor and ceiling downstream of these gates. Fluctuations in the pressure gradients can cause damage by erosion and/or cavitation. For these reasons its of interest the understanding of criteria for the estimative of those pressures to then infer the possibility of damage in the solid boundaries, allowing the determination of critical operation conditions which to avoid or minimize during the emptying and filling operations of lock chambers. This research aims to present the state of art regarding the longitudinal pressure distribution downstream of inverted tainter gates and the results of experimental data obtained in a physical model. These study allowed to comprehend the behavior of the aforementioned pressures and to verify the method proposed by Battiston (2013) to estimate longitudinal pressure distributions next to the ceiling and floor of those types of structures. The developed analysis showed that the critical conditions occur in between the 40% and 60% opening and that the minimum pressures occur in between a dimensionless distance (Ladm) 2 and 6. The presented results are valid for a mean pressure coefficient of 100% gate opening, CP*100%, between 2,81 and 65,9.

Orientadores: José Gilberto Dalfré Filho, Ana Inés Borri Genovez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T02:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis_MaiaraPereira_M.pdf: 4163936 bytes, checksum: 61db4f21a77d3fbfc1e65f7eb123dbfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As discussões acerca da escassez de água e da sua qualidade para consumo humano são primordiais no contexto da gestão dos recursos hídricos. A água lançada na forma de esgoto doméstico e industrial nos corpos hídricos representa uma ameaça à saúde pública. Contudo, a qualidade da água pode ser melhorada controlando-se a poluição e aprimorando-se as técnicas de inativação de microrganismos e de degradação de compostos, que consistem na destruição de microrganismos e de compostos químicos excedentes. Uma das técnicas alternativas de inativação e degradação é empregar o fenômeno da cavitação. A cavitação desenvolve altas tensões de cisalhamento no interior do fluido e, além do mais, pode envolver a liberação de radical hidroxila, que auxiliam na oxidação de compostos presentes na água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um equipamento tipo jato cavitante para a inativação de Escherichia coli, empregando uma nova configuração com múltiplos jatos. A nova configuração do equipamento foi testada e comparada com a configuração existente no Laboratório de Hidráulica e Mecânica dos Fluidos, na busca de uma eficiência ótima. Os resultados indicam uma dependência da inativação com a pressão do equipamento e a configuração de bocais. Um bocal com orifício único e pressões menores (até 15,00 MPa) ou um sistema de bocais tridimensional e pressões maiores (em torno de 30,00 MPa) obtiveram as melhores taxas de inativação. As eficiências energéticas do equipamento tipo jato cavitante para cada taxa de inativação foram verificadas. Neste caso, as melhores alternativas dependem do tempo de inativação requerido. O equipamento tipo jato cavitante mostrou-se como uma alternativa viável para a inativação de Escherichia coli e que pode ser empregado com outras técnicas de inativação / Abstract: Discussions on the scarcity of water and its quality for human consumption are keys for the water resources management. The water released as domestic and industrial sewage in water bodies poses a threat to public health. However, the water quality can be improved by controlling pollution and by improving the techniques of inactivation of microorganisms and degradation of compounds, which consists of destruction of microorganisms and degradation of chemicals. One of the alternative techniques for inactivation and degradation is to employ the phenomenon of cavitation. Cavitation develops shear stress within the fluid and, besides, may involve the release of hydroxyl radicals, which assist the oxidation of the compounds present in the water. The objective of this study was to develop a cavitating jet apparatus to inactivate Escherichia coli, using a new configuration with multiple jets. The new configuration of the equipment was tested and compared with the existing configuration at the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in the search for the optimal efficiency. The results indicated a dependence of inactivation with the pressure of the equipment and the configuration of nozzles. A single orifice nozzle and lower pressures (up to 15.00 MPa) or a system of three-dimensional nozzles and higher pressures (around 30.00 MPa) obtained the best inactivation rates. The energy efficiency of the cavitating jet apparatus in the rate of inactivation was verified. In this case, the best alternatives depend on the time required for inactivation. The cavitating jet apparatus proved to be a viable alternative to the inactivation of Escherichia coli and can be used along with other inactivation techniques / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestra em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Ana Ines Borri Genovez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T10:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DalfreFilho_JoseGilberto_D.pdf: 10243119 bytes, checksum: 5829e5204ff010a8a6d3e3a1d85f4916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O equipamento tipo jato cavitante utiliza um bocal especialmente projetado para simular o fenômeno da cavitação desgastando uma amostra em um período de tempo curto. Isso ocorre, sobretudo, devido à magnitude da velocidade. Para maior eficiência do jato cavitante é necessária uma combinação da geometria do bocal, do diâmetro do orifício e da pressão disponível. No caso das estruturas hidráulicas se verifica o efeito simultâneo do fenômeno da cavitação e do impacto de um jato de alta velocidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um equipamento tipo jato cavitante para avaliar o desgaste ocasionado pela cavitação em amostras de concreto. O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Hidráulica e Mecânica dos Fluidos da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil. A instalação permite variar os parâmetros de ensaio, de forma a obter a máxima eficiência do equipamento e definir o comportamento da amostra. O índice de cavitação de 0,14 é adequado aos ensaios em concretos de estruturas hidráulicas. Recomenda-se uma velocidade do jato em torno de 150 m/s, a adoção de 0,05 m de distância entre o bocal e a amostra e o uso de bocal cônico de 132°, com arestas vivas. A partir dos testes realizados, sugere-se um tempo de ensaio de quatro minutos para avaliação da resistência dos materiais face à ação da cavitação. Conclui-se que o equipamento tipo jato cavitante se mostrou adequado e eficiente para avaliação do desgaste provocado pela ação da cavitação, em um tempo curto de ensaio. As características do banco de ensaio permitem que ele seja instalado em laboratório ou em campo / Abstract: The cavitating jet apparatus uses an especially projected nozzle to produce cavitation and have the advantage of induce cavitational flow with short time test. That is due, mainly, to the magnitude of velocity. In order to obtain great efficiency of the cavitating jet apparatus one has to combine the nozzle geometry, the orifice diameter and the necessary pressure. In hydraulic structures it is verified the simultaneous effect of the cavitation phenomenon and the impact of a high velocity jet. The objective of this work was to develop a cavitating jet apparatus to evaluate the erosion caused by cavitation in concrete samples. The study was carried out in the Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of the Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism College. The installation allows varying the tests parameters, to get the maximum efficiency of the equipment and to obtain the sample damage. A cavitation index of 0,14 showed to be a value where damage in hydraulics structures was presented. It is suggested to perform tests with a jet velocity of approximately 150 m/s, the adoption of 0,05 m of distance between the nozzle and the sample and also the use of conical 132° nozzle with sharp edges, which showed to be adequate to the laboratory experiment with concretes ordinarily used in hydraulic structures. According to the tests, it can be normalize the adoption of four minutes test for evaluation of the cavitation samples resistance. It is concluded that the cavitating jet apparatus is adequate and efficient for evaluation of erosion through cavitation action in a short time tests. The characteristics of the experimental installation allow its use either in laboratory or in field tests / Doutorado / Recursos Hidricos / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / B. Terry Beck / Mohammad H. Hosni / Cavitation is the formation of vapor phase from the liquid phase by reduction in its absolute pressure below the saturation pressure. Unlike boiling, where the temperature of the liquid is increased to cause vaporization, the reduction in the pressure alone can cause the liquid to turn into vapor. Cavitation is undesirable in many engineering applications as it is associated with reduction in efficiency and is known to cause damage to pump and propeller components. However, the endothermic nature of cavitation could be utilized to create a region of low temperature that could be utilized to develop a new refrigeration cycle. The work presented in this thesis is part of ongoing research into the potential cooling capacity of cavitation phenomena, where the cavitation in a converging-diverging nozzle is being investigated. Due to the constricting nature of the throat of the converging-diverging nozzle, the liquid velocity at the throat is increased, obeying the continuity law. With an increase in velocity, a reduction in absolute pressure is accompanied at the throat of the nozzle according to the Bernoulli’s principle. The local absolute pressure at the throat can go lower than the saturation vapor pressure, thereby causing the fluid to cavitate. The effect of water temperature on the flowrates, the onset of cavitation within the nozzle, and the resulting length of the cavitation region within the nozzle are the subject of this thesis. Experimental results and analysis are presented which also show that near the onset of cavitation, the flowrate can go beyond the choked flowrate, causing the local pressure in the throat to go well below zero for an extended amount of time in the metastable state, before nucleating (cavitating) into a stable state. Flow visualization using a high speed digital camera under different operating conditions was aimed at investigating the region of cavitation onset, which appears to be associated with boundary layer separation just downstream of the nozzle throat. In order to delay the boundary layer separation point in the downstream section of the nozzle, the diffuser region of the nozzle was modified to enable two flow paths, where one path would suck the flow near the inner walls of the nozzle and the other would allow the bulk of the flow to pass through. This was achieved with the use of inserts. Various inserts were tested in an attempt to capture the effect of inserts on the cavitation phenomena. Their effect on the flowrates, length of two phase region, and cavitation onset are presented in this thesis.

Magnesium is the lightest structural metal and magnesium alloys are therefore obvious candidates in weight critical applications. The environmental imperative to reduce vehicle emissions has recently led to intensified research interest in magnesium, since weight reduction is one of the most effective ways of improving fuel efficiency. The hexagonal close-packed structure of magnesium results in poor room temperature formability. However, on heating, several magnesium alloys show superplastic properties, with the ability to deform to very high strains (up to 3000%). This opens up the possibility of forming complex components directly by superplastic forming (SPF). As a result, SPF of magnesium is a highly active research topic. The most widely used class of magnesium alloys contain aluminium as the major alloying addition, which has a relatively high solubility in magnesium, and manganese, which has a less solubility. The effect of these elements on the deformation behaviour and failure mechanisms operating in the superplastic regime is not yet well understood. The objective of this work was to gain fundamental insights into the role of these elements. To do this, alloys with different aluminium content (AZ31 and AZ61) and manganese levels have been studied in-depth.After casting, all alloys were subject to a hot rolling procedure that produced a similar fine grain size and texture in each material. Hot uniaxial testing was performed at temperatures between 300 to 450 degC and at two strain rates to investigate the material flow behaviour, elongation to failure and failure mechanism. All of the alloys exhibited flow curves characterised by an initial hardening and extensive flow softening region. Dynamic recrystallization did not occur, and the flow softening was attributed to grain growth and cavity formation. Increasing the level of aluminium in solution was observed to increase the grain growth rate, and also reduce the strain rate sensitivity. The elongation to failure, however, depended strongly on the manganese level but not on the aluminium content. This attributed to the role of manganese in forming coarse particles that act as sites for cavitation.To study cavity formation and growth, and its effect on failure, a series of tests were conducted to different strain levels followed by investigation of cavitation in 3-dimensions using X-ray tomography. New methods were developed to quantify the correlation between cavities and coarse particles using X-ray tomography data and it was shown that over 90% of cavities are associated with particles. Cavity nucleation occurred continuously during straining, with progressively smaller particles forming cavities as strain increased. The mechanism of cavity formation and growth was identified, and it has been demonstrated that particle agglomerates are effective sites for cavity formation even when the individual particles in the agglomerates are below the critical size predicted by theory for cavity nucleation sites. These results suggest that to improve the ductility of magnesium alloys in the superplasticity regime, it is most critical to minimise the occurrence of particle agglomerates in the microstructure.

This PhD thesis experimentally studies the volumetric efficiency of gerotor pumps in aero-engine gas turbine oil systems. This efficiency is the ratio of the effective measured flow rate and the theoretical flow rate computed based on pump displacement. In case of low inlet pressure and high rotational speed, which is often the case in aeronautical applications, the pump performance is severely affected by cavitation. This phase change from liquid to vapour causes a large portion of the flow to be occupied by gas, reducing the volume available for the liquid and reducing the overall mass flow rate. Due to its nature, the lubrication oil used in gas turbine engines is subjected to aeration which is the dissolution of air in oil. The air is dissolved in the liquid at high ambient pressure and released at lower pressure causing more air to occupy the cavities inside the pump. The change in liquid aeration is a relatively slower phenomenon causing the variation of aeration to be delayed with respect to the actual pressure and therefore varying also accordingly to the previous oil condition.The essential part of the work presented in this thesis is based on experimental research realised at the ATM department. This was conducted on a dedicated oil system test rig. This rig is build to reproduce the complete set of operating conditions encountered in a flying embedded oil system. This test rig was modified and equipped with several specific measurement systems to acquire data on pump performance and oil aeration. Precisely, a series of single-phase performance characterisations and transients have been recorded. The oil aeration was measured with two density-based instruments. The pump outlet pressure was recorded with a high-frequency pressure transducer. A new set-up of the test rig was also developed to allow the testing of pumps in two-phase flows conditions. Two-phase flows performance characterisations and transients have then also been studied.The data processing provided information necessary to build empirical models and to understand pump and cavitation behaviours. The focus is on pump performance in cavitation. This justify the extensive use of the cavitation number indicating the tendency of a flow to experience cavitation in given conditions. The base models can be used to determine if a given condition leads to cavitation or not, and predict the pump efficiency in both cases. The high-frequency pressure measurements provided an efficient tool to detect cavitation. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE) est une protection naturelle du système nerveux central. Son étanchéité constitue néanmoins un frein à de nombreuses thérapies médicamenteuses. Elle peut être temporairement perméabilisée grâce à une exposition à des ultrasons, couplée à une injection de microbulles dans la circulation sanguine. Dans ce manuscrit, l'ouverture de la BHE avec un dispositif ultrasonore non focalisé et implantable est étudiée. Une méthode automatique de quantification du volume d'ouverture grâce aux images IRM issues d'une étude clinique de phase 1/2a chez des patients atteint d'un glioblastome multiforme récurrent a été développée et validée. Une corrélation entre la probabilité d'ouverture et la pression acoustique locale a été trouvée. L'activité de cavitation des microbulles a été étudiée in vitro pour affiner la compréhension de son lien avec l'ouverture de la BHE. L'incertitude de quantification de cette activité à l'aide d'un capteur mono-élément utilisé passivement (PCD) à travers le crâne a été évaluée. Une correction se basant sur la position du PCD par rapport à la source de cavitation a été proposée et validée. L'influence du volume couvert par un nuage de cavitation dans le champ ultrasonore non focalisé sur les amplitudes des signaux enregistrés par le PCD pendant le traitement clinique a été discutée. Deux méthodes de localisation et de différenciation de sources de cavitation multiples dans un contexte transcrânien ont été évaluées par simulations et in vitro / The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protection of the central nervous system. However, it limits the delivery of many drugs to the brain tissues. It can be temporarily disrupted by ultrasound exposure combined with intravenous injection of microbubbles. In this manuscript, BBB disruption with an implantable unfocused ultrasound device is studied. An automatic method for quantifying the volume of BBB disruption using MR images from a phase 1/2a clinical study in patients with reccurent glioblastoma was assessed and validated. A correlation between the probability of disruption and the local acoustic pressure was found. Microbubbles cavitation activity was studied in vitro to better understand its effect on BBB disruption. The uncertainty on the amplitudes of cavitation signals recorded with a passive single-element detector (PCD) through the skull was quantified. A position-based correction of the PCD signal was assessed and validated. The effect of the volume of a cavitation cloud in the unfocused ultrasound field on the signal amplitude recorded by the PCD during the clinical treatment was discussed. Two methods for localizing and discriminating cavitation sources in a transcranial context were evaluated by simulations and in vitro

For power plants that make use of high energy boiler feed pumps, there is a risk that the boiler feed pump may experience cavitation and overheating at low load and start-up conditions. These plants make use of a leak off or recirculation system that diverts some of the flow back to the feed water tank, ensuring that a minimum flow through the pump is maintained at low load and start-up operating conditions. The recirculation valve, also known as a leak off valve, experiences a very high pressure difference and cavitation pitting is common due to the water being close to saturation. There are various ways in which the recirculation flow is controlled in the industry such as open orifice, on/off binary type control valves, automatic recirculation valves (ARC) or modern modulating leak off systems. The valves themselves can also be simple plug type or make use of pressure staging to reduce the risk of cavitation. This project involves modelling the flow system around the boiler feed pump and its control for the various architectures employed in Eskom. This is to assist in understanding the reasons for cavitation damage that is found in some recirculation valves as well as the low load capability of the system. Single stage components with extremely high pressure drops are singled out as components with the highest risk of cavitation in the systems. Although extremely high pressure drops are found across the leak off valves themselves, the majority of the valves are multistage valves which are specifically designed to accommodate cavitation development and are therefore not of major concern. Some of the findings of the study are: The rule of thumb used within Eskom to determine the amount of pressure reducing stages on leak off valves could be more conservative. The specification of new valves and components for the leak off systems requires accurate specification based on detailed process models, such as the ones developed for this study. The full range of all possible operational cases must also be considered during the design.

The master’s thesis deals with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of two orifices, that have different shapes of holes but similar cross-sectional flow areas. The first of them is orifice with circular-shaped hole, which is used for maintenance free measurement of flow. The second one is orifice with fractal-shaped hole, inspired by von Koch snow-flake. This thesis follows bachelor thesis, in which was experimentally examined, that fractal-shaped orifices have better hydraulic properties (hydraulic losses and lower pressure pulsations) than circle-shaped one. The main target is to confirm this conclusion based on experiment, this time using CFD with various types of turbulence modelling ap-proaches. Both single phase (cavitation free) and multiphase numerical simulations were realized. Each model was compared from perspective of hydraulic and dynamic charac-teristics.