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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Die TGF-[beta] [TGF-beta] vermittelte Suppression der antigenspezifischen Immunantwort kann durch CD28 Kostimulation überwunden werden

Köhler, Heike Christine January 2008 (has links)
Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2008
22

Die TGF-beta vermittelte Suppression der antigenspezifischen Immunantwort kann durch CD28 Kostimulation überwunden werden /

Köhler, Heike. January 2008 (has links)
Bonn, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.
23

Avaliação de polimorfismo em genes da família CD28 e suas associações com câncer de mama. / Evaluatiob of polymorphisms in genes CD28 family and their associations with breast cancer

Araujo, Danebe Fernandes de [UNIFESP] January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / CNPq: 136833/2008-0 / CNPq: 559626/2009-6 / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
24

Die molekulare Grundlage für die höhere Sensitivität regulatorischer CD4\(^+\) T-Zellen im Vergleich zu konventionellen CD4\(^+\) T-Zellen gegenüber der Stimulation mit CD28 Superagonisten / The molecular basis for the higher sensitivity of regulatory CD4\(^+\) T cells as compared to conventional CD4\(^+\) T cells to CD28 superagonistic stimulation

Gulde, Tobias Simon January 2022 (has links) (PDF)
In Ratten und Mäusen aktiviert der superagonistische anti-CD28 monoklonale Antikörper (CD28SA) vorzugsweise regulatorische T-Zellen. In niedriger Dosierung führt CD28SA zu einer fast ausschließlichen Aktivierung von regulatorischen T-Zellen (Tregs). Diese Beobachtung konnte inzwischen auch für menschliche Zellen in Zellkultur bestätigt werden. In gesunden und freiwilligen Testpersonen deutet die Zytokin-Antwort nach Applikationen von niedrigen CD28SA-Dosen darauf hin, dass sich diese Beobachtung auch in-vivo bewahrheitet. Eine Gabe von CD28SA in niedriger Dosierung, die zu einer exklusiven Aktivierung von regulatorischen T-Zellen führt, könnte somit in der Behandlung von Autoimmunkrankheiten oder von entzündlichen Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden. Eine mechanistische Erklärung für dieses Phänomen blieb lange Zeit unklar. Die CD28SA-vermittelte T-Zell-Aktivierung ist abhängig von der Verstärkung von basalen tonischen Signalen, die T-Zellen über ihren T-Zell-Rezeptor erhalten. Diese Tatsache führte zu der Hypothese, dass die schwachen, tonischen Signale, die konventionelle CD4+ T-Zellen in Abwesenheit ihrer spezifischen Antigene über den T-Zell-Rezeptor erhalten, ein stärkeres CD28 Signal für ihre Aktivierung benötigen als die selbstreaktiven regulatorischen T-Zellen, die ein stärkeres Selbstpeptid-TCR Signal erhalten. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Blockade von MHC-Klasse-II-Molekülen in Mäusen, in-vitro und in-vivo, den Vorteil der regulatorischen T-Zellen gegenüber den konventionellen T-Zellen bezüglich der Antwort auf niedrige CD28SA Dosierungen, aufhebt. / In rats and mice, CD28 superagonistic mAb (CD28SA) preferentially activate regulatory T-cells, resulting in near exclusive Treg activation at low CD28SA doses. This observation has recently also been extended to cell culture studies in humans, and the cytokine response of healthy volunteers to low-dose CD28SA application suggests that it also holds true in vivo, and thus can be utilized for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon, however, remained uncertain for a long time. Given that CD28SA-mediated T-cell activation depends on the amplification of basal tonic TCR signals, the hypothesis was tested that the weak tonic TCR signals received by conventional CD4 T-cells in absence of their cognate antigen require more CD28 signalling input than the stronger TCR signals perceived by self-reactive regulatory T-cells. The experiments of this thesis provide strong evidence that in mice, blockade of MHC class II in vitro or in vivo abrogates the advantage of Treg over Tconv in the response to low CD28SA doses.
25

Décryptage des mécanismes de signalisation précoce de la costimulation dans l' activation des lymphocytes T naifs / Deciphering the mechanisms of TCR and CD28 early signaling pathway cooperation required for naïve T cell activation

Xia, Fan 26 November 2014 (has links)
L'objectif de notre travail est de comprendre la contribution relative des voies de signalisation précoces du TCR et de CD28 dans l'activation des lymphocytes T naïfs. Notre étude a d'abord montré que dans les cellules T CD4+ naïves, la stimulation du TCR augmente de manière significative la liaison en deux dimensions (2D) de CD28 avec ses ligands B7, et ceci dépend à la fois du domaine cytoplasmique de CD28 et de l'activité des src kinases. Par la suite, notre analyse biochimique a démontré que l'engagement du TCR par son ligand (CMHp) potentialise la phosphorylation de CD28 stimulée par son ligand B7. En outre, la stimulation conjointe du TCR et de CD28 augmente fortement la phosphorylation des protéines de signalisation proximales telles que les molécules Vav-1 et PLCγ-1. Nous avons également examiné la mobilisation des ions calcique (Ca++). Nous avons trouvé que l'engagement du TCR ou de CD28 seul est capable de déclencher une élévation de la concentration intracellulaire d'ions Ca++ dans des cellules T naïves. Cette élévation qui se caractérise par de fortes fluctuations de la concentration calcique impliquerait principalement 2 types de canaux calciques de la membrane plasmique. De façon attendue, une stimulation conjointe des lymphocytes par le TCR et CD28 augmente l'amplitude moyenne de la réponse calcique. Nos données ont révélé que seule une stimulation conjointe, et non individuelle, du TCR et de CD28 augmente significativement le temps de résidence du Ca++ libres fluctuants par rapport aux cellules non stimulées. Par conséquent, cette augmentation du temps de résidence caractérise spécifiquement la réponse calcique induite par TCR et CD28. / In this work, we aimed at determining the relationship between and specific contribution of TCR and CD28 early signaling pathways in naïve CD4+ T cell activation. Our data showed that in naïve CD4+ T cells, TCR stimulation significantly increased the 2D binding of CD28 to its B7 ligands and this increase depended on both cytoplasmic tail of CD28 and activity of src kinases. Our biochemical analysis then demonstrated that TCR engagement with its ligand pMHC strongly enhanced the CD28 tyrosine phosphorylation triggered by B7. Moreover, the conjoint stimulation of TCR and CD28 markedly augmented activation of proximal signaling molecules such like Vav-1 and PLCγ-1 compared to the stimulation with each receptor alone. We next went to examine the calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization. We found that in naïve CD4+ T cells, engagement with ligand of TCR or CD28 alone was able to trigger rise of the fluctuating cytosolic-free Ca2+ level. Unexpectedly, such rises implicated predominantly the involvements of two different types of calcium channels: Cav and CRAC channels. The conjoint stimulation with both TCR and CD28 enabled the augment of average amplitude of the calcium response. Through the time series analysis, our data unveiled that the conjoint, but not separate, TCR and CD28 stimulation in naïve CD4+ T cells significantly increased the fluctuating cytosolic-free Ca2+ dwell time relative to that found in unstimulated cells. The increase of the cytosolic-free Ca2+ dwell time therefore uniquely characterized the calcium response triggered by TCR and CD28 and presumably corresponded to a fundamental feature for the high efficiency of T cell activation induction.
26

Avaliação da eficiência do antagonista seletivo de CD28, mPEG PV1-Fab´, no tratamento da uveíte autoimune experimental. / Efficacy of murine selective CD28 antagonist for the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Rosa, Pedro Henrique Papotto 08 December 2014 (has links)
A uveíte autoimune é uma doença inflamatória crônica, caracterizada pela resposta imune a antígenos oculares. É mediada por linfócitos T CD4+ com perfil TH1, e responsável por uma parcela significativa de casos de deficiências visuais e cegueira. Embora efetivos, os tratamentos disponíveis estão associados a efeitos adversos importantes. Logo, a busca de novos alvos terapêuticos mais específicos tem sido o objetivo principal no campo da imunoterapia. Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a eficiência do antagonista seletivo de CD28, mPEG PV1-Fab´(PV1), no tratamento da uveíte autoimune experimental (EAU). Camundongos tratados com PV1 exibiram menores graus de doença quando comparados a controles não tratados. Tal achado foi acompanhado de uma diminuição da ativação de linfócitos T, tanto nos olhos quanto nos órgãos linfoides periféricos desses animais. Mais ainda, o tratamento com PV1 levou a uma diminuição da população de linfócitos T reguladores e de células do tipo TH1. Portanto, concluiu-se que PV1 é eficaz no tratamento da EAU por agir em linfócitos T efetores. / Autoimmune uveitis is a T-cell mediated disease that targets mainly the posterior eye pole. Similar to human uveitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is mostly dependent on T cells with a TH1 phenotype. Although many treatment strategies are available, most of them focus on general immunossuppression, resulting in undesirable side effects. Thus, the development of more specific therapies is the major aim in the field of immunotherapy. Here we evaluated the efficacy of mPEG PV-1-Fab´ (PV1), a specific CD28 antagonist, in the treatment of EAU. Our results indicate that PV1 blocks T cell activation by decreasing expression of different costimulatory molecules. Furthermore, PV1 treatment led to a decrease of Treg cell population in peripheral lymphoid organs. Also, IFN-g production by CD4+ cells and TH1 lymphocytes population were decreased. Altogether, our results raise this CD28 blockade strategy as a potential tool for the treatment of autoimmune disorders in the eye, and indicate that mPEG PV1-Fab acts mainly on IFN-g production and TH1 polarization.
27

Avaliação da eficiência do antagonista seletivo de CD28, mPEG PV1-Fab´, no tratamento da uveíte autoimune experimental. / Efficacy of murine selective CD28 antagonist for the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Pedro Henrique Papotto Rosa 08 December 2014 (has links)
A uveíte autoimune é uma doença inflamatória crônica, caracterizada pela resposta imune a antígenos oculares. É mediada por linfócitos T CD4+ com perfil TH1, e responsável por uma parcela significativa de casos de deficiências visuais e cegueira. Embora efetivos, os tratamentos disponíveis estão associados a efeitos adversos importantes. Logo, a busca de novos alvos terapêuticos mais específicos tem sido o objetivo principal no campo da imunoterapia. Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a eficiência do antagonista seletivo de CD28, mPEG PV1-Fab´(PV1), no tratamento da uveíte autoimune experimental (EAU). Camundongos tratados com PV1 exibiram menores graus de doença quando comparados a controles não tratados. Tal achado foi acompanhado de uma diminuição da ativação de linfócitos T, tanto nos olhos quanto nos órgãos linfoides periféricos desses animais. Mais ainda, o tratamento com PV1 levou a uma diminuição da população de linfócitos T reguladores e de células do tipo TH1. Portanto, concluiu-se que PV1 é eficaz no tratamento da EAU por agir em linfócitos T efetores. / Autoimmune uveitis is a T-cell mediated disease that targets mainly the posterior eye pole. Similar to human uveitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is mostly dependent on T cells with a TH1 phenotype. Although many treatment strategies are available, most of them focus on general immunossuppression, resulting in undesirable side effects. Thus, the development of more specific therapies is the major aim in the field of immunotherapy. Here we evaluated the efficacy of mPEG PV-1-Fab´ (PV1), a specific CD28 antagonist, in the treatment of EAU. Our results indicate that PV1 blocks T cell activation by decreasing expression of different costimulatory molecules. Furthermore, PV1 treatment led to a decrease of Treg cell population in peripheral lymphoid organs. Also, IFN-g production by CD4+ cells and TH1 lymphocytes population were decreased. Altogether, our results raise this CD28 blockade strategy as a potential tool for the treatment of autoimmune disorders in the eye, and indicate that mPEG PV1-Fab acts mainly on IFN-g production and TH1 polarization.
28

Rltpr, a lymphoid-specific protein essential for CD28 costimulation / Rltpr, une protéine lymphocytaire jouant un rôle essentiel dans la costimulation par CD28

Cucchetti, Margot 10 October 2014 (has links)
La reconnaissance d'antigènes par le TCR active des protéines tyrosine kinases qui phosphorylent d'autres substrats intracellulaires dont LAT. Ceci engendre l'activation de molécules telles que PKCθ et CARMA-1. La mutation LatY136F associe des TCR "estropiés" dans le développement de cellules T effectrices générant des désordres lymphoprolifératifs. Nous avons essayé de comprendre les gènes aggravant ou empêchant cette lymphoprolifération en utilisant la mutagénèse ENU. Nous avons identifié une mutation appelée Basilic empêchant le déroulement de la pathologie LatY136F. Basilic est une mutation du gène Rltpr qui constitue une phénocopie de Cd28-/- sur fond sauvage et sur fond LatY136F. Rltpr est un une nouvelle protéine ayant de multiples domaines, qui appartient à la famille CARMIL et qui est exprimée dans les cellules T et B. L'objectif de ce travail était d'élucider les mécanismes au cours desquels CD28 et Rltpr coopèrent avec le TCR pour différencier des cellules T naïves en cellules T effectrices. Ce travail visait aussi à caractériser Rltpr, dont la structure/fonction et l'interactome sont encore inconnus. En utilisant des techniques de microscopie confocale, nous avons montré que la localisation et le recrutement de Rltpr et de RltprBas à la synapse immunologique sont tous deux CD28-dépendants. Les deux molécules colocalisent avec CD28 tout au long du processus d'activation. En outre, Rltpr est essentiel pour la translocation à la synapse de PKCθ et CARMA-1, qui sont induits lors de la co-stimulation par CD28. Ces résultats permettent une meilleure compréhension du fin réglage du système immunitaire adaptatif qui est mis en place lors de l'activation. / TCR recognition of antigens triggers the activation of protein tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate other intracellular substrates including LAT. LAT phosphorylation leads to the activation of PKCθ and CARMA-1. The point mutation LatY136F associates TCRs with crippled signaling abilities to the development of effector T cells generating lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). We tried to shed light on genes exacerbating or preventing the LatY136F LPD by using an ENU mutagenesis screening. We identified one point mutation called Basilic that prevents the unfolding of the LatY136F pathology. Basilic is a point mutation of the Rltpr gene and is a phenocopy of a Cd28-/- mutation both on a wild-type and on a LatY136F background. Rltpr is a newly-discovered, multidomain protein belonging to the CARMIL family that is expressed in T and B cells. The objective of the present work was to elucidate the mechanisms during which CD28 and Rltpr cooperate withthe TCR to differentiate naïve into effector T cells. I also aimed at characterizing the Rltpr molecule, whosestructure/function and interactome are still largely unknown. Using confocal microscopy in collaborationwith Takashi Saito's group and Christoph Wülfing we showed that the localization and the recruitment ofboth Rltpr and RltprBas at the immune synapse are CD28-dependent. The two molecules colocalize with CD28all along the activation process. Moreover, Rltpr is essential for the synapse translocation of PKCθ andCARMA-1, which are induced upon CD28 costimulation. Those results allow a better understanding of theadaptive immune system fine tuning upon activation.
29

RLTPR deficiency : a new genetic etiology of combined immunodeficiency / Déficience de RLTPR : une nouvelle étiologie génétique de l'immunodéficience combinée

Wang, Yi 25 November 2016 (has links)
Les déficits immunitaires combinés (CID) font référence aux erreurs innées des lymphocytes T humains, affectant également les lymphocytes B, dues à un déficit de lymphocytes T ou à un déficit additionnel intrinsèque aux lymphocytes B. L’identification de nouvelles étiologies génétiques de CID est importante pour une meilleure compréhension de la réponse immunitaire contre les agents infectieux, et pour une meilleure prise en charge de ces patients. Nous décrivons ici 6 patients issus de 3 familles indépendantes (Marocaine, Tunisienne et Turque) avec des mutations bi-alléliques dans le gène RLTPR, dont l’orthologue murin est connu pour être essentiel dans la voie de signalisation de CD28. Les patients ont développé différentes infections, dont une tuberculose invasive et une candidose mucocutanée, et ont également présenté des manifestations allergiques cutanées et pulmonaires. L’identification d’un déficit autosome récessif du gène RLTPR indique une nouvelle étiologie génétique pour les patients CID. Ce travail a porté sur le rôle du RLTPR dans l'immunité liée aux lymphocytes T et B. Chez les patients déficients en RLTPR, les proportions des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg), des lymphocytes T CD4+ mémoire et des lymphocytes T CD8+ mémoire centrale sont diminuées. In vitro, la prolifération des cellules T des patients est diminuée en réponse à divers stimuli, incluant mitogènes et antigènes. Les lymphocytes T CD4+ déficients en RLTPR ne répondent pas à la stimulation via CD28 en termes de production d’IFN-γ, de TNF et d’IL-2, ainsi qu’un défaut de la phosphorylation de P65. Ex vivo et en culture in vitro, les lymphocytes T CD4+ présentent un biais de type Th2, contrastant avec la diminution des cellules de type Th1, Th17 et Tfh. Les patients ont également présenté une réduction des lymphocytes B de mémoire et une faible réponse Anticorps. Ce phénotype des lymphocytes B est la conséquence non seulement du défaut des lymphocytes T, mais aussi d’un défaut des lymphocytes B caractérisé par l’absence d’activation de la voie NF-κB suite à une stimulation du BCR. Notre étude suggère fortement que le déficit immunitaire en RLTPR chez l’homme est un CID, affectant notamment la voie de réponse à CD28 dans les lymphocytes T et la voie de réponse au BCR dans les lymphocytes B. / Combined immunodeficiency (CID) refers to inborn errors of human T cells that also affect B cells, due to the T cell deficit or an additional B cell-intrinsic deficit. The identification of new genetic etiologies of CID is important to better understand the immune responses to infectious agents in humans, and to better manage patients with infectious diseases. We herein report 6 patients from 3 unrelated families (Moroccan, Tunisian and Turkish) with bi-allelic mutations in RLTPR, the mouse orthologue of which is essential for CD28 signaling. The patients developed a variety of infections, including invasive tuberculosis and mucocutaneous candidiasis but also presented cutaneous and pulmonary allergic manifestations. The identification of autosomal recessive RLTPR deficiency elucidates a new genetic etiology for CID patients. This work focused on the role of human RLTPR in T cell and B cell immunity. In RLTPR-deficient patients, proportions of circulating regulatory T cells, memory CD4+ T cells and central memory CD8+ T cells are reduced. In vitro, proliferation of patients’ T cells is diminished in response to various stimuli, including mitogens and antigens. The RLTPR-deficient CD4+ T cells did not respond to CD28 stimulation in terms of the production of IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2, as well as the phosphorylation of P65. The CD4+ T cells exhibit a Th2 bias ex vivo and when cultured in vitro, contrasting with the paucity of Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells. The patients also displayed a deficiency of memory B cells and poor Ab responses. This B cell phenotype does not result solely from the T cell deficiency, as the patients’ B cells fail to activate NF-κB upon BCR stimulation. Our study strongly suggests that human RLTPR deficiency is a CID affecting at least the CD28 responsive pathway in T cells and the BCR responsive pathway in B cells.
30

The non-steroidal SEGRA, BAY1155975, in contrast to classical glucocorticoids, inhibits anti-CD28-costimulated T cell activation

Stock, Christine 27 November 2013 (has links)
Glukokortikoide (GK) zählen zu den effizientesten Medikamenten bei der Behandlung akuter und chronischer Entzündungskrankheiten. Ihr Einsatz ist häufig durch das Auftreten zahlreicher und teilweise irreversibler Nebenwirkungen beeinträchtigt. Aus diesem Grund wurden neue Glukokortikoid-Rezeptor-Liganden, wie die nicht-steroidalen selektiven Glukokortikoid-Rezeptor-Agonisten (SEGRAs), die eine potente anti-entzündliche Wirkung bei gleichzeitig vermindertem Nebenwirkungspotential aufweisen sollen, entwickelt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die SEGRA-Substanz BAY1155975 hinsichtlich ihrer hemmenden Wirkung auf die CD28-kostimulierte Aktivierung primärer humaner T-Zellpopulationen mit der von klassischen GK, wie z.B. Prednisolon, verglichen. In humanen Gedächtnis/Effektor- CD4+ T-Zellen wies die höchste Konzentration von BAY1155975 im Vergleich zu Prednisolon eine statistisch signifikant größere Hemmung der CD28-kostimulierten Sekretion von Effektorzytokinen (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL17 und IL22) auf. Proliferation, Apoptose und die Expression verschiedener Aktivierungsmarker wurden dagegen durch BAY1155975 und Prednisolon gleichermaßen reguliert. Es wird eine stärkere Hemmung des Kalzium-Kalzineurin-NFAT Signalweges durch BAY1155975 in diesen Zellen vermutet. In vivo zeigten BAY1155975 und Prednisolon eine ähnlich starke Hemmung der T-Zell-vermittelten Hautentzündung im DNFB-induzierten Kontaktallergiemodell in Mäusen, wenn die Behandlung der Mäuse mit den Substanzen vor dem Challenge erfolgte. Bei einer Substanzbehandlung der Mäuse während der Sensibilisierung wurde die Hautentzündung dagegen deutlich stärker durch BAY1155975 als durch Prednisolon gehemmt. Zusammenfassend geben die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit einen Hinweis auf eine stärkere Hemmung der T-Zellsensibilisierung und der Effektorzytokinsekretion durch die SEGRA Substanz BAY1155975 im Vergleich zum klassischen GK Prednisolon. / Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Their use is often accompanied with numerous and sometimes irreversible side-effects. Therefore, new glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands with should have potent anti inflammatory efficacy but a reduced side-effect profile have been developed. Non steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs) represent a new class of GR ligands with an improved therapeutic index. In this study, we compared the SEGRA, BAY1155975, and the classical GC, prednisolone, regarding their suppressive effect on CD28-costimulated activation of human primary T cell subpopulations. In human memory/effector CD4+ T cells, BAY1155975 at the highest concentration exhibited a significantly stronger inhibition of CD28-costimulated effector cytokine secretion (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL17 and IL22) in comparison to prednisolone. Interestingly, proliferation, apoptosis and expression of activation markers were similarly regulated by BAY1155975 and prednisolone. Further studies on different signal transduction pathways suggested that BAY1155975 stronger inhibited the calcium-calcineurin-NFAT pathway than prednisolone in these cells. In vivo BAY1155975 and prednisolone showed comparable efficacy in inhibition of T cell dependent skin inflammation in DNFB-induced contact hypersensitivity models in mice, when mice were treated before hapten challenge. In contrast, when mice were treated around hapten sensitization markedly stronger inhibition of skin inflammation was observed for BAY1155975 than prednisolone. In summary, the data of this study give evidence for a stronger inhibition of T cell sensitization and effector cytokine secretion by the SEGRA, BAY1155975, in comparison to the classical GC, prednisolone.

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