La paroi des bactéries à Gram positif se compose du peptidoglycane (PG) et des acides téichoïques (TA). Leur étude a révélé de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation chez le pathogène humain Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nous avons montré que la O-acétylation intervient précocement dans la biosynthèse du PG, participe à sa maturation et à la division cellulaire. Nous avons développé une approche innovante basée sur la chimie click pour le marquage in vivo des TAs, et révélé que leur synthèse est septale et corrélée à celle du PG. Le PG et les TAs contribuent aussi à réguler l'activité enzymatique de l'autolysine majeur du pneumocoque LytA: la O-acétylation du PG protège les cellules en division de l'autolyse par LytA et les TAs, sur lesquels elle se fixe, régulent sa localisation de surface. Pour conclure, ce travail souligne le rôle coopératif du PG et des TAs dans la synthèse de la paroi, la division cellulaire et la régulation de composants de la surface bactérienne. / Gram-positive bacteria cell wall (CW) is composed by peptidoglycan (PG) and teichoic acids (TA). We studied both CW components and revealed new regulation mechanisms in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We showed that PG O-acetylation occurs in the early steps of PG biosynthesis, promotes the formation of mature PG and plays a role in cell division. We developed an innovative click chemistry-based approach to label TA in live cells, opening the way to explore mechanistic issues of pneumococcal TA biosynthesis. We revealed that TA synthesis occurs at the division site and is correlated with PG synthesis. Finally, we showed that both PG and TA polymers contribute to regulate the major autolysin LytA which binds TA and cleaves the PG: the O-acetylation of PG protects dividing cells from LytA-induced autolysis while TA finely regulates LytA surface localization. In conclusion, our work highlights the cooperative role of PG and TA in CW biosynthesis, cell division and regulation of surface components.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T17:18:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues - 2014.pdf: 2636013 bytes, checksum: 332020037e85516d843bbcbfc5e4da75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-15T13:41:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues - 2014.pdf: 2636013 bytes, checksum: 332020037e85516d843bbcbfc5e4da75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T13:41:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues - 2014.pdf: 2636013 bytes, checksum: 332020037e85516d843bbcbfc5e4da75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis with high relevance for the public health in Brazil and other Latin American countries such as Colombia and Venezuela. Generally, microorganisms require responses to stress conditions to survive in response to environmental changes and pathogenic organisms, particularly, require an effective response even higher to react against host defences. Osmotic stress has been used as a model to study signal transduction and seems to cause many cellular adaptations, which include signal transduction pathways modification, protein expression alteration and cellular volume and size regulation. In this work we have evaluated the proteomic profile of yeast cells of Paracoccidioides sp. (Pb01) obtained in osmotic stress condition. Data describe an osmoadaptative response of this fungus when subjected to this treatment. Proteins involved in the synthesis of the cell wall components were modulated, evidencing a remodelling of the cell wall. In addition, it was also observed alterations on the energy metabolism, given that proteins of the pentose phosphate pathway were abundant while proteins of the glycolysis were less abundant under osmotic stress condition. In addition changes in amino acid metabolism were also observed; more clearly the degradation of amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine and valine was induced during osmotic stress. Hereupon, our study suggests that Paracoccidioides sp. (Pb01) present a vast osmoadaptative repertoire; comprising different proteins which act complementarily and that this response could be able to minimize the effects caused by osmotic stress. / O fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides é o agente etiológico da paracoccidioidomicose, uma micose sistêmica com grande relevância na saúde pública no Brasil e em outros países da América Latina, como Colômbia e Venezuela. Microrganismos, em geral, requerem respostas às condições de estresse para sobreviver às mudanças ambientais e patógenos, em particular, necessitam de uma resposta efetiva ainda maior para reagir às defesas do hospedeiro. O estresse osmótico é usado como um modelo para estudos de transdução de sinais e parece causar muitas adaptações celulares, as quais incluem alterações nas vias de transdução de sinais, expressão de proteínas e regulação do volume e tamanho celulares. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o perfil proteômico das células leveduriformes de Paracoccidioides sp. (Pb01) obtidas sob condições de estresse osmótico. Os dados evidenciam uma resposta osmoadaptativa deste fungo, quando submetido a este tipo de estresse. Proteínas envolvidas na biossíntese de componentes de parede celular foram moduladas, evidenciando um remodelamento de parede. Também foram observadas prováveis alterações no metabolismo de energia, tendo em vista que proteínas da via das pentoses fosfato mostraram-se abundantes, enquanto proteínas da via glicolítica mostraram-se em menor abundância frente às condições de estresse osmótico. Adicionalmente alterações no metabolismo de aminoácidos também foram observadas; de forma mais evidente a degradação de aminoácidos como leucina, valina e isoleucina foi induzida durante o estresse osmótico. Neste sentido, nosso estudo sugere que Paracoccidioides sp. (Pb01) possui um amplo repertório osmoadaptativo, composto por diferentes proteínas que atuam de maneira complementar e que devem atuar promovendo a minimização dos efeitos causados pelo estresse osmótico.