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Orientador: Modesto Barreto / Banca: Margarete Camargo / Banca: Érika Auxiliadora Giacheto Scaloppi / Resumo: Representando cerca de 35,6% da safra de grãos do país, a cultura do milho tem sua produtividade ameaçada por um grande número de enfermidades. Diante do exposto o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o progresso da Physopella zeae, Cercospora zeae-maydis e Phaeosphaeria maydis, sob diferentes tratamentos fungicidas na cultura do milho. Conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições em área do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV-UNESP, utilizou-se os seguintes tratamentos de 1-6 (mL de p.c./ha), respectivamente: 1-testemunha; 2-epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 500; 3- epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 750; 4-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + óleo mineral parafínico 0,5%; 5-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + óleo mineral parafínico 0,5% e 6- azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 450 + óleo mineral parafínico 0,5%, todos aplicados com a planta no estádio V8, sendo que o Tratamento 5 foi repetido com a planta no início do pendoamento. Realizou-se 7 avaliações de severidade da doença com intervalos semanais. As curvas de progresso da doença foram analisadas através de 3 transformações (monomolecular, logístico e de Gompertz). Calculou-se a Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença (AACPD) para cada doença, estas foram submetidas à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que o modelo monomolecular foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados para a P. zeae e para a C. zeae-maydis. Em se tratando de P. maydis o modelo logístico proporcionou melhor ajuste...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The corn represents about 35,6% grain crop in Brazil and its productivity is threatened by a great number of pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the progress of the Physopella zeae, Cercospora zeae-maydis and Phaeosphaeria maydis, under different fungicides treatments in the corn crop. This work was carried out in experimental area of the Departamento de Fitossanidade of UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brasil, in the period of January to May of 2006. Was evaluated in field plots arranged in complete randomized blocks, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The used treatments were (mL of p.c. /ha): 1-check; 2-epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 500; 3-epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 750; 4-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + mineral oil 0,5%; 5-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + mineral oil 0,5% and 6 - azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 450 + mineral oil 0,5%. All the treatments fungicide spray was applied to maize at the stage V8, and the treatment 5 was replicated in the beginning of the tasseling. It was carried out 10 evaluations of the disease severity with a week interval among them. It was analyzed the curves of progress of the diseases through 3 transformations (monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz). There was calculated Area Under Progress Curve Disease (AUDPC), whose the variance analysis and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was observed that the monomolecular model had the best adjustment to the data for the P. zeae and C. zeae-maydis. For the P. maydis the logistic model had the best adjustment...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 koshikumo_esm_me_jabo.pdf: 514654 bytes, checksum: c6c89f1bd2aafce34a1da5563e125019 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com objetivo de analisar aspectos epidemiológicos da Mancha de Phaeosphaeria (Phaeosphaeria maydis) e da Cercosporiose (Cercospora zeae - maydis) do milho (Zea mays) no município de Capão Bonito/SP de março a agosto de 2002 a 2006, sendo que a primeira ocorreu em todo período de estudo, enquanto a Cercosporiose (Cercospora zeae-maydis) ocorreu em dois anos (2002 e 2004), foram feitos ensaios em Blocos Casualizados com 3 repetições com 42 a 54 cultivares dependendo do ano. Quatro avaliações em todos os ensaios em intervalos semanais utilizando-se escala diagramática proposta pela Agroceres em 1993. Foi calculada a Curva de Progresso da Doença e a Área abaixo da mesma (AACPD), a qual foi analisada pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Com base neste teste os cultivares foram divididos em 4 grupos: Resistentes, Moderadamente Resistentes, Moderadamente Suscetíveis e Suscetíveis. Dados climáticos foram correlacionados com a doença. Foram testados os modelos matemáticos: Logístico, Exponencial, de Gompertz e Monomolecular. Sendo que este último foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados em todos os anos para as duas doenças, tomando por base o R*2 (coeficiente de determinação entre os valores previstos e os observados). O ano de maior severidade para a Mancha de Phaeosphaeria foi o de 2005, enquanto para a Cercosporiose foi de 2002; isto provavelmente é devido às condições climáticas. A maioria dos cultivares se comportou como moderadamente resistente e resistente à Mancha de Phaeosphaeria e a Cercosporiose. Nota-se que nos anos onde a Mancha de Phaeosphaeria e Cercosporiose ocorreram concomitantemente (2002 e 2004), a primeira apresentou em todos os grupos (R, MR, MS e S) maiores severidades e inicio da epidemia mais tardia que a Cercosporiose. Em ambas a diferença de severidade deve-se principalmente à taxa de progresso de doença (r). / With the aim to analyze epidemiological aspects the Phaeosphaeria spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) and gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) of maize (Zea mays) at Capão Bonito city, from march to august of 2002 to 2006, were studied, as the first occurred in all the period of study, while the gray leaf spot occurred in 2 years (2002 and 2004). The experimental design was casualized blocks with 3 repetitions each and 42 to 54 treatments, depending on the year. Four evaluations were made in weekly intervals using Agroceres diagrammatic scale. The disease progress curve (AUDPC) and its area under it was calculated and submitted to variance analysis (ANAVA) by F test, which averages were compared by Scott-Knott. Based on the results, the cultivars were grouped in resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible. Climate data were related to the disease. The logistic, exponential, Gompertz and monomolecular mathematic models were tested, being the monolecular model which better suited the data in all years, for both diseases, based in R*2. The year with higher Phaeosphaeria spot severity was 2005, while for Cercospora leaf spot was 2002, probably caused by climatic conditions. Most varieties were moderately resistant or resistant for Phaeosphaeria spot and Cercospora leaf spot. It was observed that on the years where Phaeosphaeria spot and Cercospora leaf spot occurred concomitantly (2002 and 2004); the first presented in all groups (R, MR, MS and S) higher levels of severity and the delay on the begining of the epidemy compared to Cercospora leaf spot. For both diseases, the difference on the disease progress occured mainly beause of the disease progress rate (r).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_fm_me_jabo.pdf: 412278 bytes, checksum: b137b47f1e7a98ef2356e7beda9b1bee (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Representando cerca de 35,6% da safra de grãos do país, a cultura do milho tem sua produtividade ameaçada por um grande número de enfermidades. Diante do exposto o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o progresso da Physopella zeae, Cercospora zeae-maydis e Phaeosphaeria maydis, sob diferentes tratamentos fungicidas na cultura do milho. Conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições em área do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV-UNESP, utilizou-se os seguintes tratamentos de 1-6 (mL de p.c./ha), respectivamente: 1-testemunha; 2-epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 500; 3- epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 750; 4-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + óleo mineral parafínico 0,5%; 5-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + óleo mineral parafínico 0,5% e 6- azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 450 + óleo mineral parafínico 0,5%, todos aplicados com a planta no estádio V8, sendo que o Tratamento 5 foi repetido com a planta no início do pendoamento. Realizou-se 7 avaliações de severidade da doença com intervalos semanais. As curvas de progresso da doença foram analisadas através de 3 transformações (monomolecular, logístico e de Gompertz). Calculou-se a Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença (AACPD) para cada doença, estas foram submetidas à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que o modelo monomolecular foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados para a P. zeae e para a C. zeae-maydis. Em se tratando de P. maydis o modelo logístico proporcionou melhor ajuste... / The corn represents about 35,6% grain crop in Brazil and its productivity is threatened by a great number of pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the progress of the Physopella zeae, Cercospora zeae-maydis and Phaeosphaeria maydis, under different fungicides treatments in the corn crop. This work was carried out in experimental area of the Departamento de Fitossanidade of UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brasil, in the period of January to May of 2006. Was evaluated in field plots arranged in complete randomized blocks, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The used treatments were (mL of p.c. /ha): 1-check; 2-epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 500; 3-epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin 750; 4-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + mineral oil 0,5%; 5-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 300 + mineral oil 0,5% and 6 - azoxystrobin + cyproconazole 450 + mineral oil 0,5%. All the treatments fungicide spray was applied to maize at the stage V8, and the treatment 5 was replicated in the beginning of the tasseling. It was carried out 10 evaluations of the disease severity with a week interval among them. It was analyzed the curves of progress of the diseases through 3 transformations (monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz). There was calculated Area Under Progress Curve Disease (AUDPC), whose the variance analysis and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was observed that the monomolecular model had the best adjustment to the data for the P. zeae and C. zeae-maydis. For the P. maydis the logistic model had the best adjustment...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Maize grey leaf spot (GLS), caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, and potato late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, are foliar diseases of maize and potato, two of the most widely grown crops in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), after sugarcane and timber. Commercial maize in KZN accounts for just on 4.3% of the national maize crop. This is worth R563 million using an average of the yellow and white maize price for the 2001/02 season (at R1 332.87 ton(-1)). In 2003 KZN produced about 5% of the national potato crop (summer crop: 7531 300 10kg pockets from 2243 hectares). This equates to a gross value of R89.4 million based on an average price of R1 188 ton(-1) in 2001. Successful commercial production of maize and potatoes depends upon control of these diseases by translaminar fungicides with highly specific modes of action. This study extends an existing model available for timing of fungicide sprays for GLS and tests and compares two LB models for two calendar-based spray programmes. The study also evaluated the use of an early blight model which is caused by Alternaria solani, and over the single season of evaluation showed potential for use in KZN. For the GLS model it was found that a number of refinements are needed, e.g., the amount of infected maize stubble at planting and not the total amount of maize residue at planting. Based on two years' data, it was found that for the LB models there are no significant differences in levels of control between using a predicted fungicide programme and a calendar-based programme. The importance of knowing initial infection sites, and hence initial inoculum, was demonstrated. This led to the creation of a KZN LB incidence map, now being used to more accurately time the start of a preventative spray programme and to time the inclusion of systemic fungicides in the preventative spray programme. This study has contributed to the further development and expansion of the Automatic Weather Station Network (AWSN) at Cedara, which now comprises 15 automatic weather stations in KZN. The AWSN is currently used to aid farmers and advisers in decision-making regarding fungicide spray timing for GLS and LB. / Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.