Transforming energy systems to fulfill the needs of a low-carbon economy requires large investments in renewable electricity production (RES-E). Recent literature underlines the need to take a closer look at the composition of the RES-E investor group in order to understand the motives and investment processes of different types of investors. However, existing energy policies generally consider RES-E investments made on a regional or national level, and target investors who evaluate their RES-E investments according to least-cost high-profit criteria. We present empirical evidence to show that RES-E investments are made by a heterogeneous group of investors, that a variety of investors exist and that their formation varies among the different types of renewable sources. This has direct implications for our understanding of the investment process in RES-E and for the study of motives and driving forces of RES-E investors. We introduce a multi-dimensional framework for analyzing differences between categories of investors, which not only considers to the standard economic dimension which is predominant in the contemporary energy literature, but also considers the entrepreneurship, innovation-adoption and institutional dimensions. The framework emphasizes the influence of four main investor-related factors on the investment process which should be studied in future research: motives, background, resources and personal characteristics. / <p>Highlights</p><p>► The RES-E investor group is heterogeneous. ► Investors with no traditional background within electricity production make the majority of RES-E investments in Sweden. ► Different types of RES-E investors invest in different renewables. ► A standard economic perspective is not sufficient to understand emerging RES-E investors. ► Motives, background, resources and personal characteristics of RES-E investors matter.</p> / NYEL - Nya investerare i förnybar elproduktion

Detta examensarbete har utförts på SSAB- Tunnplåt i Borlänge under vårterminen 2004 och omfattar 10 veckors arbete.SSAB sköter idag sin kommunikation med distributionslagren via fax, telefon eller e-post. Eftersom detta är ett ganska tidskrävande kommunikationssätt, vill SSAB ha en smidigare och snabbare kommunikationslösning. Den lösning som SSAB vill ha är en extern Web-service-lösning för att upprätta en säker kommunikation med sina distributionslager.Parallellt med byggandet av Web-service-lösningen arbetades en förvaltningsmodell fram. Den beskriver hur förvaltningsorganisationen med dess rutiner kan se ut vid implementering av lösningen.För att skapa en säker förbindelse med Web-servicen skall en webbklient användas som i sin tur anropar en COM+ komponent. Detta för att kunna skicka med certifikatet ifrån webbklienten till webbservern där Web-servicen ligger. COM+ komponenten måste få tillgång till en användarprofil när den kommunicerar med Web-servicen. Detta för att kunna upprätta en SSL-förbindelse i det inledande skedet. SSL-förbindelsen skall läggas i den VPN-tunnel som mVPN tillhandahåller via WSSAL.

This thesis researches the development process of financial certificate in Taiwanese banking. In recent years, financial certificate is an important phenomenon in the workplace of finances. Previous studies focused on the impact of the certification, discuss the formation of financial certificate less. In this article, the view of institutional change regards the banking certificate institution as long duration to consider state, the different period of capital and other actor that have different mechanisms of their interactions in institutional formation process. The research method of this thesis adopt analysis of historical documents and interview to understand the formation of financial certification. Study found that the development of the banking certificate can be divided into three stages: the first stage is incubation. Financial employees in the era of state-owned banking had quasi-public servant status, and rely on the apprenticeship training skills through examinations. In the financial liberalization policy, the new banks joined the market so that employee turnover was high; with college increasing rapidly, in the past through internal training structure had become break down. At the same time, the state proposed the Asia Pacific Financial Center from the traditional conservative financial policy to active, established Taiwan Academy of Banking & Finance (TABF) to handle related business of financial certificate, and created the precedent of certification. The second stage is after that establishment of financial holding companies. The finances boundaries are broken. The banking business is more and more complexity. Securities certificate institution having long been customary in securities industry is further stable. The number of banking certificate increased sharply in this stage. The third stage is Institutionalization. TABF develop new certificate continuously, make kinds of banking business certificated, but employees tend to lukewarm response, examinees turned down sharply. At this time, certification is an institutionalization action to pursuit of legitimacy, rather than respond to real needs. This article affirms the view of new institutionalism, and point out the initial of institutional formation indeed response to new financial development. However, at a later stage the action of institutionalization is only for pursuing legitimacy.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-48).

Thesis (M. Mus. (Mus. Ed.)--University of Sydney, 2006. / Title from title screen (viewed 19 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music (Music Education) to the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

This work deals with the possibilities of using digital certificates and certification authorities or analysis of alternatives and their use to create secure communication in information systems. In practical examples is demonstrated by the CA implementation on different platforms and generate various types of digital certificates. Based on the findings is made recommendations for choosing the appropriate certification authority.

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir com o aperfeiçoamento das informações contábeis para a gestão das Instituições de Ensino Superior com Certificado de Entidade Beneficente de Assistência Social - IESCEBAS, por meio da proposição de um modelo de apuração e evidenciação do resultado com o Certificado de Entidade Beneficente de Assistência Social. O estudo desenvolve-se a partir da análise dos seguintes aspectos: caracterização e definição de uma IESCEBAS, processo de gestão e sistemas de informações com base numa abordagem sistêmica. Os gestores, governo e sociedade necessitam de informações úteis e confiáveis sobre os resultados com o CEBAS para a tomada de decisões. Porém, conforme se constatou pela pesquisa de campo realizada por meio de questionários e análises das demonstrações contábeis, que a prática adotada pelas instituições objeto de estudo e também a norma editada pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade, não são adequadas para fornecer informações que subsidiem os gestores, governo e sociedade na tomada de decisões. Ao discorrer sobre os conceitos de receitas, custos, ativos, passivos e custo de oportunidade, conclui-se que o CEBAS gera impactos patrimoniais e econômicos que devem ser apurados e evidenciados pela contabilidade. Contudo, verificou-se pela análise dos resultados da pesquisa de campo, que não existe clareza quanto aos procedimentos contábeis e à legislação aplicáveis na apuração e evidenciação desses impactos pela contabilidade. A partir desta constatação, é proposto um modelo de apuração e evidenciação dos resultados com o certificado das IESCEBAS, de modo a subsidiar os gestores, governo e sociedade na tomada de decisões. Ao final, o modelo proposto é aplicado ao caso de duas IESCEBAS, com a finalidade de verificar sua utilidade. / This study aims to contribute to the improvement of accounting information for administering Higher Education Institutions with a Philanthropy Certificate - IESCEBAS, through the proposal of a model for verifying and disclosing the income obtained through the Philanthropy Certificate. The study is based on the analysis of the following aspects: characterization and definition of an IESCEBAS, management process and information systems on the basis of a systemic approach. The managers, government and society need useful and trustworthy information about the results obtained through the Philanthropy Certificate with a view to decision-making. Nevertheless, as we observed from the field research held by means of questionnaires and from the analysis of the financial statements, the practice adopted by the institutions in this study as well as the norm issued by the Brazilian Federal Accounting Council are not adequate to supply information that assists the managers, government and society in decision-making. Our discussion of the revenues, costs, assets, liabilities and opportunity cost concepts leads us to the conclusion that the Philanthropy Certificate generates equity and economic impacts that have to be verified and disclosed by accounting. However, we observed from the analysis of the field research results that there are uncertainties with respect to the accounting procedures and legislation that should be applied in the verification and disclosure of these impacts by accounting. On the basis of this observation, we propose a model for verifying and disclosing the income obtained through the Philanthropy Certificate, so as to assist the managers, government and society in making decisions. Finally, the proposed model is applied to two IESCEBAS, with a view to verifying its usefulness.

This thesis will analyse the pros and cons of a module-based approach versus the currently existing certificate schemes and the proposed requirements for a module-based certificate scheme to serve as a plausible identity verification system. We will present a possible model and evaluate it in respect to the existing solutions and our set of identified requirements.

The problem of SSL/TLS interception ("trusted proxy in SSL/TLS connection") has been known for years and many implementations exist. However, all of them share a single technical solution which is based solely on the PKI authentication mechanism and suffers from multiple serious disadvantages. Most importantly, it is not compatible with several aspects or future trends of SSL/TLS and PKI, there's almost no space for improvement and its real use may spawn legal issues. After we analyze technical background and the current solution, we will propose another one, based not only on PKI but SSL/TLS too. Both solutions will be compared and general superiority of the new one will be shown. Basic implementation and analysis will follow, along with deployment requirements and ideas for future development. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)