This thesis deals with basic principles of electronic signature and functions of certificate authorities, which is complemented with description of legislation environment in Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis includes methodology for comparison of certificate authority's functions in the field of qualified personal certificates. This methodology is afterwards applied for comparison of functions of accredited certificate authorities operating in Czech Republic and for determination of the best authority according to defined criteria and their significance weights.

Introdução: O Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) é um instrumento importante para o monitoramento de defeitos congênitos (DC) ao nascer, porém há falhas de preenchimento dessa informação e possivelmente são registrados nas Declarações de Nascido Vivo (DN) os DC mais aparentes, o que pode subestimar a prevalência dos mesmos. A linkage de bancos de dados do SINASC e do SIM (Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade) permite recuperar as informações sobre DC registrados no SIM complementando os dados e fornecendo uma estimativa mais real da prevalência dos DC. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de DC em uma coorte de nascidos vivos (NV) vinculando-se os bancos de dados do SIM e do SINASC. Método: Estudo descritivo para avaliar as DN como fonte de informação sobre DC. A população de estudo são os NV hospitalares do 1º semestre de 2006 de mães residentes e ocorridos no Município de São Paulo no período de 01/01/2006 a 30/06/2006 e óbitos neonatais provenientes da coorte. As diferenças entre portadores e não portadores de DC foram testadas através do risco relativo, valor de p e IC 95%. Resultados: Os defeitos congênitos mais prevalentes segundo o SINASC foram: malformações congênitas e deformidades do aparelho osteomuscular (44,7%), malformação congênita do sistema nervoso (10,0%) e anomalias cromossômicas não classificadas em outra parte (8,6%). Através da linkage, houve uma recuperação de 48 casos (80,0%) de DC do aparelho circulatório, 11 casos (73,3%) de DC do aparelho respiratório e 5 casos (62,5%) de outros DC do aparelho digestivo. O SINASC fez 55,2% das notificações de DC e o SIM notificou 44,8%, mostrando-se importante para a recuperação dos dados de DC presentes na Declaração de Óbito (DO). A taxa de prevalência para os DC da coorte segundo o SINASC foi de 75,4/10.000 NV; com os dados corrigidos pelo SIM, essa taxa passou para 86,2/10.000 NV. As variáveis idade da mãe, idade gestacional, tipo de parto, Apgar, sexo e peso ao nascer mostraram-se associadas à presença de DC (p<0,001). Não foi encontrada associação entre anos de estudo, estado marital, paridade, filhos mortos anteriores, pré-natal, tipo de gravidez, raça/cor e a presença de DC. Conclusão: A complementação dos dados pelo SIM fornece um perfil diferente da prevalência de DC do que aquele que seria registrado apenas pelo SINASC, mostrando a importância do uso conjunto das duas fontes de dados. / Introduction: Live Birth Information System (SINASC) is an important instrument to monitor birth defects (BD) at the birth, however it has fulfilling imperfections of this information and they are probably registered in the Birth Certificates (BC) the BD more apparent, what can under estimate the prevalence of the some ones. The linkage of the data of SINASC and of SIM (Mortality Information System) allows the recovery of information about BD registered in SIM complementing the data and supplying a more real estimate of the prevalence of BD. Objective: Come with the prevalence of BD in a cohort of live birth (LB) associating the data base of SIM and the SINASC. Methods: Descriptive study to evaluate BD as source of information about BD. The population of study is the LB hospital of 1° semester of 2006 of resident mothers and that had happened in São Paulo city in the period from 01/01/2006 to 06/30/2006 and neonatal deaths from the cohort. The differences of carriers and not carrying of BD had been tested through the relative risk, p value and CI 95%. Results: According to SINASC the most prevalent birth defects were: birth defects and osteomuscular system deformity (44,7%), birth defects of nervous system (10,0%) and cromossomics anomalies not classified in another part (8,6%). Through linkage, it had a recovery of 48 cases (80,0%) of BD of circulatory system, 11 cases (73,3%) of BD of respiratory system and 5 cases (62,5%) of other BD of digestive system. SINASC made 55,2% of the notifications of BD and SIM notified 44,8%, showing its importance to recovery data of BD presents in Death Certificate (DC). The tax of prevalence for the BD of cohort according to SINASC was 75,4/10.000 LB; with all the data corrected by SIM, this tax changed for 86,2/10.000 LB. The variable age of mother, pregnancy age, birth type, Apgar, sex and weight at birth are associated to the presence of BD (p<0,001). Association between the years of study, marital status, parity, previous dead children, prenatal, pregnancy type, race and the presence of BD were not found. Conclusion: Data complementing by SIM supplies a different profile of prevalence of BD from those ones that would be registered only by SINASC showing the importance of the usage of two data sources.

Introdução: O Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) é um instrumento importante para o monitoramento de defeitos congênitos (DC) ao nascer, porém há falhas de preenchimento dessa informação e possivelmente são registrados nas Declarações de Nascido Vivo (DN) os DC mais aparentes, o que pode subestimar a prevalência dos mesmos. A linkage de bancos de dados do SINASC e do SIM (Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade) permite recuperar as informações sobre DC registrados no SIM complementando os dados e fornecendo uma estimativa mais real da prevalência dos DC. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de DC em uma coorte de nascidos vivos (NV) vinculando-se os bancos de dados do SIM e do SINASC. Método: Estudo descritivo para avaliar as DN como fonte de informação sobre DC. A população de estudo são os NV hospitalares do 1º semestre de 2006 de mães residentes e ocorridos no Município de São Paulo no período de 01/01/2006 a 30/06/2006 e óbitos neonatais provenientes da coorte. As diferenças entre portadores e não portadores de DC foram testadas através do risco relativo, valor de p e IC 95%. Resultados: Os defeitos congênitos mais prevalentes segundo o SINASC foram: malformações congênitas e deformidades do aparelho osteomuscular (44,7%), malformação congênita do sistema nervoso (10,0%) e anomalias cromossômicas não classificadas em outra parte (8,6%). Através da linkage, houve uma recuperação de 48 casos (80,0%) de DC do aparelho circulatório, 11 casos (73,3%) de DC do aparelho respiratório e 5 casos (62,5%) de outros DC do aparelho digestivo. O SINASC fez 55,2% das notificações de DC e o SIM notificou 44,8%, mostrando-se importante para a recuperação dos dados de DC presentes na Declaração de Óbito (DO). A taxa de prevalência para os DC da coorte segundo o SINASC foi de 75,4/10.000 NV; com os dados corrigidos pelo SIM, essa taxa passou para 86,2/10.000 NV. As variáveis idade da mãe, idade gestacional, tipo de parto, Apgar, sexo e peso ao nascer mostraram-se associadas à presença de DC (p<0,001). Não foi encontrada associação entre anos de estudo, estado marital, paridade, filhos mortos anteriores, pré-natal, tipo de gravidez, raça/cor e a presença de DC. Conclusão: A complementação dos dados pelo SIM fornece um perfil diferente da prevalência de DC do que aquele que seria registrado apenas pelo SINASC, mostrando a importância do uso conjunto das duas fontes de dados. / Introduction: Live Birth Information System (SINASC) is an important instrument to monitor birth defects (BD) at the birth, however it has fulfilling imperfections of this information and they are probably registered in the Birth Certificates (BC) the BD more apparent, what can under estimate the prevalence of the some ones. The linkage of the data of SINASC and of SIM (Mortality Information System) allows the recovery of information about BD registered in SIM complementing the data and supplying a more real estimate of the prevalence of BD. Objective: Come with the prevalence of BD in a cohort of live birth (LB) associating the data base of SIM and the SINASC. Methods: Descriptive study to evaluate BD as source of information about BD. The population of study is the LB hospital of 1° semester of 2006 of resident mothers and that had happened in São Paulo city in the period from 01/01/2006 to 06/30/2006 and neonatal deaths from the cohort. The differences of carriers and not carrying of BD had been tested through the relative risk, p value and CI 95%. Results: According to SINASC the most prevalent birth defects were: birth defects and osteomuscular system deformity (44,7%), birth defects of nervous system (10,0%) and cromossomics anomalies not classified in another part (8,6%). Through linkage, it had a recovery of 48 cases (80,0%) of BD of circulatory system, 11 cases (73,3%) of BD of respiratory system and 5 cases (62,5%) of other BD of digestive system. SINASC made 55,2% of the notifications of BD and SIM notified 44,8%, showing its importance to recovery data of BD presents in Death Certificate (DC). The tax of prevalence for the BD of cohort according to SINASC was 75,4/10.000 LB; with all the data corrected by SIM, this tax changed for 86,2/10.000 LB. The variable age of mother, pregnancy age, birth type, Apgar, sex and weight at birth are associated to the presence of BD (p<0,001). Association between the years of study, marital status, parity, previous dead children, prenatal, pregnancy type, race and the presence of BD were not found. Conclusion: Data complementing by SIM supplies a different profile of prevalence of BD from those ones that would be registered only by SINASC showing the importance of the usage of two data sources.

<p>This master thesis consists of three parts. The first part contains a summary of what is needed to understand a X.509 parser that I have created, a discussion concerning the technical problems I encountered during the programming of this parser and a discussion concerning the final version of the parser. The second part concerns a comparison I made between the X.509 parser I created and a X.509 parser created"automatically"by a compiler. I tested static memory, allocation of memory during runtime and utilization of the CPU for both my parser (MP) and the parser that had a basic structure constructed by a compiler (OAP). I discuss changes in the parsers involved to make the comparison fair to OAP, the results from the tests and when circumstances such as time and non-standard content in the project make one way of constructing a X.509 parser better than the other way. The last part concerns a WTLS parser (a simpler kind of X.509 parser), which I created.</p>

In this report an ad hoc system is defined with the capabilities to validate the integrity ofevery node in the network without a third party, as long as every node has possession of acertificate. The system is developed to function in an ad hoc network with many externalthreats. The main target group would be the military and first responders. There are manydifferent problems with such a network, and many parts have been researched, but few fullsystems have been developed. This report defines a hierarchical system where nodes cancommunicate in an encrypted way, with the help of certificates. In a military situation therisk for compromised nodes must be considered. Therefore, the system can both detectand handle compromised nodes by revocation certificates. The proposed system is alsodetecting and handling partitions. The system has been put together by first making aliterature study to find existing solutions to different problems, then making a synthesisof those solutions. We also came up with new solutions where the three cornerstones ofsecurity: availability, confidentiality and integrity were in focus. To make the solutionmore trustworthy a risk analysis on the resulting system was made, which defined theweak points of the system.

The subject of this graduation thesis is to study internal electronic signatures in PDF documents. The thesis introduces general principles of electronic signatures, deals with the internal structure of PDF documents including the connection of electronic signatures and describes the process of verifying an electronic signature. An integral part of this thesis is an implementation of an application, which performs verification of electronic signatures in a PDF document. The aim of this application is to verify the digital signature embedded in a PDF document according to the current legislation of the Czech Republic, while allowing users to change extensively the rules for evaluating the validity of the signature. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This master thesis consists of three parts. The first part contains a summary of what is needed to understand a X.509 parser that I have created, a discussion concerning the technical problems I encountered during the programming of this parser and a discussion concerning the final version of the parser. The second part concerns a comparison I made between the X.509 parser I created and a X.509 parser created"automatically"by a compiler. I tested static memory, allocation of memory during runtime and utilization of the CPU for both my parser (MP) and the parser that had a basic structure constructed by a compiler (OAP). I discuss changes in the parsers involved to make the comparison fair to OAP, the results from the tests and when circumstances such as time and non-standard content in the project make one way of constructing a X.509 parser better than the other way. The last part concerns a WTLS parser (a simpler kind of X.509 parser), which I created.

This diploma thesis deals with project management certifications. It focuses on project and program managers and explores their relationship with the certifications and possible links to quality management. The main objective is to make a cross-section area of certificates in the Czech market, create a a summary of available certifications and perform research, which chats certifications of companies carving out on bussines within the Czech ICT market. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part is based on the theoretical foundations and was set up as an introduction to project management. Futher are particularly detailed project management competencies like an object of knowledge and skills, that are required to perform manager's work. The second part contains a list of available certificates, including requirements for obtaining. Contribution of this part is just the list created, which concentrates all the important details about particular certificates, including assignment of certificates for the recommended work positions. The last section describes the research implementing, which focuses on finfing out the plans of project and program managery for obtaining new certificates. Research deals with the analysis and synthesis of responses received and creates new knowledge, that reveal possible future trends. Research is unique in dealing with the Czech ICT market, which has not been studied on this topic yet. Diploma thesis presents a comprehensive view at the certifications, but also focuses on a narrow area of the ICT market, where possibilities of certificate usage are observed and confrontation of different views is offered.

There is a lot of available services on the internet those need to be more secured and trusted. Public key infrastructure is used in sectors where are higher expectations in case of authentication, integrity and confidentality. It is almost impossible to imagine how internet banking or electronic signatures of important documents would work without PKI. There is a lot of open-source realisations of PKI created by users. Digital certificates as a part of PKI are issued by certificate authorities. This diploma thesis consists of open- source realisation of certificate authority and timestamping authority to demonstrate services which they provide.

The InterdIsciplInary and exploratory nature of thIs thesis has made It difficult to write. The thesIs is InterdIscIplinary in the sense that it touches on a number of broad areas of study. The methodology which was adopted, In partIcular the use of content analysis and of certaIn statIstical processes rests on a knowledge of psychology. The category system which is made up of a number of types of hIstory could only be constructed after an extensIve consideration of the nature of history. The discussIon of the case for and agaInst the current syllabus,and the proposal for a new alternative syllabus at '0' and 'A' level (see Chapters 13 and 14), draws mainly on an understanding of the theoretical debates about the teaching of history which have occurred since the Second World War. FInally throughout the thesis references are made to the evidence and Ideas put forward by historians about particular periods of history. The thesis Is also exploratory.· The findings which are reported arise from the use of a category system drawing on the different types of history developed by hIstorians. No other researchuhas attempted to create such a broad category system, to assess Its valIdIty and reliability and then to employ It to code material dealinq with extensive periods of British and European history. At the same time the arguments, whIch are employed to defend and to attack the existinq syllabus (see Chapter 13), and to construct the outlines of a new syllabus (see Chapter 14), had to be created almost ab initio, since the dominance of particular types of history. both at university and school level. has not been debated extensively. either by historians. or by those writers. who discuss the teaching o f h·I story. These two asoects of the thesis have had a number of reoercussions. First of all vast topics have had to be discussed in a cursory fashion. For example all the arguments for the inclusion or exclusion of oartlcular types of history in the category system had to be reviewed in one chapter. a few pages being devoted to each of the types of history. Secondly maior themes and arguments relating to the nature of history. and to history teachinQ. have had to be exemplified with disturbing brevity. Thus the debate over the impact of oarticular types of history on the community(l) had to be illustrated by a small number of examples when the whole thesis could have been devoted to the discussion. Thirdly. and finally. the wide ranging nature of the thesis has made it impossible to conduct the exhaustive study of every aspect of the subject which would have been appropriate had the topic been more narrowly defined. However. despite these disadvantages. it is to be hoped that this interdisciplinary and exploratory study will throw light on a vital area of the history syllabus in schools.