Aim of this thesis was to evaluate influence of inorganic selenium given, in a form of mineral supplement compound, to cows and their calves in order to supply their organism with selenium and also for the utilitarian traits. These were divided into two groups of six and supplemented with two different forms of selenium: group A was given inorganic sodium selenite, group B was given organic selenomethionine. Cows that were examined before the start of supplementation had average activity GPX in blood samples from group A 847,06 +- 170,77 ukat/l and group B 791,30 +- 91,20 ukat/l and concentration of Se of group A: 136,70 +- 27,97 ug/l and group B 95,77 +- 20,05 ug/l. It was found that cows postpartum had higher activity of GPx by 26% in group A and by 45% in group B. Difference between groups was statistically inconclusive (p < 0,28). Increase in concentration of selenium in blood of cows in group A was 7,5% and in group B 5%. In blood of newborn calves of both groups was not found conclusive difference of GPx (p < 0,43). Concentration of selenium in group calves A 160,18 +- 18,07 ug/l and group B 105,30 +- 24,26 ug/l. Difference in concentration of selenium in blood of cows and calves was statistically conclusive (p < 0,05), but because this difference was conclusive already before the supplement compound was given both inorganically and organically bound selenium, this result cannot be interpreted as conclusive influence of different forms of selenium supplemented. Weight and weight gain of calves were balanced between groups and statistically did not differ (p < 0,39). It can be concluded that both forms of selenium had analogical biological effect on focused parameters.In blood of newborn calves no conclusive difference in GPx was found

This thesis is focused on the evaluation of selected influences acting on the commercial production of Charolais cows. I evaluated the influence of the number of cows kept, the number of calves born, mortality and adverse selection. Herd turnover was monitored in Tvrdkovská zemědělska farma for one year. In each month were determined inputs and outputs in all categories. After evaluating the effects, I found that for market production is the most important number of calves born. Funds from the sale of calves make up the largest sales. Farm in 2013 earned a total of 5,993,582 CZK. For the sale of calves 3,836,916 CZK. Another factor increasing sales was sale of discarded pieces, which makes farms earned 2,156,666 CZK.

No description available.

The aim of this study was to determine how resting behavior is affected by time of day, temperature and seasons in cattle at the pasture. The experiment took place from spring to autumn, on a farm in the village of Bystřice and its surroundings. The herd was always monitored for 10h and individual expressions of life were recorded every 15 min. At the same time, temperature was measured in the interval of 30 minutes. With Charolais cattle were monitored frequencies of lying/standing and preferential behavior of cattle while resting such as preference of left or right side of the body and the choice between sunny or shady place for lying/standing. Time of day especially had an influence on the choice between lying in the sun or shade. Animals during the morning hours prefer lying in the sun, after 13 h herd opted shadow. Regarding temperature, there was mainly influenced preferential behavior, in terms of choosing a place to rest. With increasing temperature, animals statistically significantly preferred a shady place to lie down. On the contrary, it was evident that at colder temperatures animals liked to lying down on the sun. The ratio of lying and standing animals was slightly influenced by temperature and animals were mostly lying more than standing. Seasons influenced both the selection of places to rest as well as the ratio of standing and lying animals. Bigger amount of the animals were recorded standing at spring. In contrast, in the summer and fall, herd was lying more often. In spring and autumn, animals preferred lying in the sun and in the summer herd preferred lying down in the shade. There were also monitored other vital signs, such as movement, food intake, water intake, urination and defecation, comfortable and social behavior.

Thesis (M.N.A.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-37). Also available online.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective was to analyse the effect of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), conformation (CONF), cold carcass weight (CCW) and age on carcass and meat quality of 152 Nellore cull cows and 240 Charolais cull cows. The data were submitted to a regression analysis by PROC REG and PROC STEPWISE procedures. Cold carcass yield was influenced by SFT (Y = 47.36274 + .45159x) and CCW (Y = 42.84735 + .02857x) in Nellore cull cows. It was observed, for Nellore cull cows, interaction equations for pistol cut percentage (Y = 48.3228 + .35761CONF - .00739 CCW), forequarter weight (Y = 68.64009 + .51448SFT + .06195CCW) and side cut weight (Y = 22.53615 + .33861SFT + .02735CCW). Nellore cull cows presented positively relation between Longissimus dorsi area and CCW, however it presented negativly relation with SFT (Y = 50.6691 - .47432SFT + .05012CCW). The accretion of 1 kg in CCW or 1 point in conformation of the carcass of Nellore cows resulted in an increase of .12 and 1.7 kg, respectively, in muscle weight. SFT and age influenced positively fat tissue and negatively muscle participation in carcass of Nellore cows. Muscle:bone relation increased with CCW and decreased with age advance in Nellore cows. For Nellore cull cows, the SFT had a quadratic relation with tenderness and shear force, presenting greater tenderness (5.3 points) when SFT had 7.8 mm and lower shear force (6.6 kgf/cm2) when SFT reached 5.6 mm. Each point increased in conformation of Charolais carcasses added 12 kg in slaughter weight, as well as 1 kg added to CCW represented adition slaughter weight of .4 kg. Pistol cut of Charolais cows, when expressed in kg, had positively relation to CCW, however had negatively relation to CONF. Each millimeter or kg added to SFT or CCW, in Charolais cows, resulted in a reduction of .4 and .04 cm2 in Longissimus dorsi area. Carcasses muscle and fat quantities of Charolais cows was positively influenced by SFT and CCW. However, age and conformation influenced negatively muscle and fat quantities, respectively, in Charolais cows carcasses. The addition of 1 kg of CCW increased in .003 points Charolais meat tenderness, while shear force presented a quadratic relation to SFT, being animals with 5.3 mm the ones with higher value for this characteristic (5.6 kgf/cm2). / Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da espessura de gordura subcutânea, conformação, peso de carcaça fria e idade sobre as características da carcaça e da carne de 152 vacas de descarte da raça Nelore e 240 vacas de descarte da raça Charolês. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão pelo PROC REG e PROC STEPWISE. O rendimento de carcaça fria foi influenciado pela espessura de gordura (EGS) (Y=47,36274+0,45159x) e peso de carcaça fria (PCF) (Y=42,84735+0,02857x) em vacas de descarte Nelore. Em vacas de descarte Nelore observou-se equações com interação significativas para as características de traseiro especial (%) (Y = 48,3228 + 0,35761CONF - 0,00739 PCF), dianteiro (kg) (Y = 68,64009 + 0,51448EGS + 0,06195PCF) e ponta de agulha (kg) (Y = 22,53615 + 0,33861EGS + 0,02735PCF). Vacas de descarte Nelore apresentam relação entre a área de olho de lombo e o peso de carcaça fria positiva, porém negativa com EGS (Y = 50,6691 - 0,47432EGS + 0,05012PCF). O acréscimo de 1 quilograma no PCF ou 1 ponto na conformação da carcaça de vacas Nelore, resultou no aumento do peso de músculo em 0,12 e 1,7 kg, respectivamente. A EGS e a idade influenciaram positivamente a participação de tecido adiposo na carcaça, e negativamente a participação de tecido muscular de vacas de descarte Nelore. A relação músculo:osso aumentou com a elevação do PCF e decresceu com o avanço da idade de vacas de descarte Nelore. Para vacas de descarte Nelore, a EGS se relacionou de forma quadrática com a maciez subjetiva e objetiva, obtendo-se melhor maciez (5,3 pontos) com 7,8 mm de EGS e menor força de cisalhamento (6,6 kgf/cm2) quando a EGS atingiu 5,6 mm. Cada 1 ponto a mais na CONF de vacas de descarte Charolês repercutiu em 12 kg a mais no peso de abate, bem como cada 1 kg a mais no PCF representou 0,4 kg a mais no peso de abate. Em vacas de descarte Charolês, o corte comercial traseiro especial, quando expresso em peso absoluto, teve relação positiva com PCF, porém negativa com CONF. Vacas de descarte Charolês apresentam decréscimo de 0,4 e 0,04 cm2 na área de olho de lombo com o aumento de 1 milímetro na EGS ou 1 kg no PCF, respectivamente. As quantidades de músculo e de gordura da carcaça de vacas de descarte Charolês foram influenciadas, positivamente, pela EGS e PCF. Porém a idade e a conformação influenciaram negativamente a quantidade de músculo e gordura, respectivamente, em vacas de descarte Charolês. O aumento em 1 kg no PCF aumenta em 0,003 pontos a maciez da carne de vacas de descarte Charolês, enquanto que a força de cisalhamento apresentou relação quadrática com a EGS, sendo que animais com 5,3 mm de gordura apresentaram o menor valor para a força de cisalhamento (5,6 kgf/cm2).

Summary In this thesis I dealt with verification of performance of beef cattle Charolais Breed on farm: Chov Charolais spol. s r. o. Slabce. The main objective of my diploma work was to assess the growth abilities of calves Charolais breed from birth till weaning in relation to various factors, for instance: gender, order of calving, number of born calves during one calving, month and year of the birth on the respective farm. The relevant data was assessed for the period of years 2012 - 2015. In this period there was born 324 calves of which 162 bulls, 153 heifers and 9 still born calves. The assessment of calf's growth characteristics was related to the average birthweight, average gain from birth to 120 days, and average weight at the age of 120 and 210 days. For the evaluation of calf's growth characteristics was used data gained from the database of performance testing of beef cattle (KUMP) for the given period. Growth parameters related to selected factors were processed with the use of statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS 9.3, 2011). The average weight of young bulls at birth was 33,58 kg and average weight of heifers was 32,99 kg. The average weight of bulls at the age of 120 days was 183,66 kg and the average weight of heifers was 175,58 kg which was demonstrated to be statistically significant (P < 0,01). The average weight of bulls at the age of 210 days was 288,28 kg which is again higher than heifers with average weight of 264,21 kg (P < 0,05). To summarize, there was identified statistically significant difference of the gender influence in behalf of bulls. After comparison of average weight at birth, at the age of 120 and 210 days separately for twins and an only child, there is obvious and also statistically significant finding (P < 0,01) that the observed twins are usually smaller at birth and their growth abilities are worse than that of only child. The average weight at birth for an only child is about 4,48 kg higher compared to twins. Then the average weight at the age of 120 days for an only child is about 38,68 kg higher than average weight of twings. Finally the average weight at the age of 210 days is about 58,26 kg higher for an only child. Regarding to the influence of order of calving there was identified no significant effect to both average birth weight and weight at the age of 210 days. The only statistical significance was identified between order of calving and the average weight at the age of 120 days in 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving (P < 0,05). Further I found out that calves in the 1st order of calving have significantly lower average weight from the 1st calving mothers at the age of 120 days than the calves in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving. The average weight of calves at the age of 120 days is about 9,29 kg lower than weight of calves in the 2nd order of calving. On the other hand the average weight of calves at the age of 120 days in the 5th order of calving is about 18,37 kg higher than weight of calves in the 1st order of calving. Similarly, calves in the 7th order of calving have about 13,63 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. And also calves at the age of 120 days in the 10th order of calving have about 15,78 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. In respect of influence of year of birth was identified statistically significant different level (P < 0,01) of the average birthweight in year 2013 compared to other years. Similarly there was demonstrated the statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) regarding to the average gain from birth in year 2013 compared to other years. The average birthweight in 2013 was 34,91 kg. The lowest average birthweight of 31,65 kg was observed in 2015. And for instance in 2012 the average birthweight was 32,48 kg which is still about 2,43 kg lower than in 2013. Regarding the evaluation of the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days there was only reported value of 1046,78 g in 2013. The best year regarding the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days was year 2014 which represented value of 1214,37 g. In the observed breed there took place births predominantly from January till June. Regarding the month of birth there was demonstrated statistically significant difference (P < 0,05) in respect of average birthweight of calves born in May 31,98 kg compared calves born in February 32,55 kg and in March 33,07 kg. Further was identified statistically significant difference regarding the average gain from birth for calves born in June 995,28 g compared to calves born in February 1197,87 g (P < 0,01). Similarly in March was reported value of 1181,18 g (P < 0,05). The last statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) was identified in respect of average weight at the age of 210 days of calves born in May 199,55 kg and in June 201 kg in comparison to calves born in January 282,05 kg, in February 284,65 kg, in March 277,21 kg and in April 277,76 kg. To conclude, based on the statistical analysis, conclusive results and literary sources there had been confirmed hypothesis that internal factors positively affect the growth abilities of calves.

The thesis is focused on the growth intensity of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais and Limousine. In experiment A, 152 male animals were monitored. These bulls came from organic and conventional breeding. For bulls, the date of birth, birth weight, father's line, date of sale, and live weight of bulls at sale were followed. Experiment B included 88 female heifers. Within each breed heifers came from conventional and organic breeding. Heifers were monitored for birth date, birth weight, father's line, weight at 120 and 210 days. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the evaluation of the weights of individual monitored parameters between bulls and heifers, which are confirmed by the rule that females have lower birth weight (37 kg) than males (40 kg). However, at 120 days of age, weights were higher in heifers (177 kg) compared to bulls (148 kg). In the evaluation of breeding effect, the highest (p < 0.01) weights were found in Charolais (bulls 163 kg, heifers 187 kg).

Theme of this work is breeding of cattle meat breed Hereford breed and their crossbreds with Charolais and Czech spotted cattle. We monitored the influence of sex, breed of father and mother, parity and month of calving on the average weight of calves at 120, 210 and 365 days of animal age. Growth of calves in individual cross combinations were evaluated too. The study was performed on the selected herd of 215 pieces of cattle: 85 of Hereford breed, 68 of Charolais breed and 62 of Czech spotted cattle breed. The herd is bred on the private farm with a total area 90ha of pastures located in the South Bohemian village Lhota near Mladosovice. We used information and performance of the herd of cattle between the years: 2017 and 2018. This diploma thesis confirms that higher average weights can be attain as crossbreeding of meat breeds and also by crossbreeds with dual purpose cattle breeds. Calves born in the late months of the year come up to higher average weights too. From the statistical analysis it is possible to prove the influence of the parent combination on the average weights of calves and their weight gains. The lowest weight gains were observed in calves of crossbred combination of Charolais vs. Czech spotted cattle (0.83 kg per day) and the highest values were detected in calves of Charolais vs. Hereford breeds (1 kg per day).

The aim of work – to determine efficienty of the Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle crossing with Charolais bull. The task of research: 1.To analyse the literature about the crossing Lithuanian Black-and-White caws with Charolais bull. 2.To determine the influence of Charolais bull on beef meat production and quality of Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle. Conclusions: 1.Charolais bulls were found to improve the weight of Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle at 18 month of age by 38.5 kg or 7.6 % (P>0,05) and reduced feed conversion per weight gain unit by 8.2 %. 2.The daily gain of the Charolais hybrids bulls was by 8.0 % bigger than that of the pure-blooded Lithuanian Black-and-White bulls. 3.Control slaughters indicated the bigger carcass mass for Charolais hybrids which was 20.7 kg, or 7.8 % bigger than the carcass mass of the pure-blooded Lithuanian Black-and-White young bulls. 4.Hybrids had a 1.5 % better carcass output, 4.0 % better ham output, and 2.4 % better output of ham edible parts in carcass, by 0.65 bigger the coefficient of succulence of this part of carcass and by 42.94 cm² bigger area of loin lean. 5.Crossbreeding had no significant influence on meat quality. A tendency was observed to lower meat pH, higher shear force and a better amino acids triptophan and oxyproline ratio 5.47 of hybrids (P<0,005). 6.It has been concluded that it is useful to use Charolais bulls for crossing with Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle of milk type.