The purpose of this investigation is to attempt by correlation of chemical-physical factors to ascertain if any one of the necessary features might act as a factor limiting growth and reproduction of either plants or animals. The body of water used in this investigation is Eagle Mountain Lake, a reservoirs approximately five years of age.

Submitted by Victor Hugo Sant Ana Bomfim null (victorhugorex@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-29T14:26:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disssertação de Mestrado - Bomfim, Victor Hugo Santana.pdf: 1752737 bytes, checksum: 3590d7ae4906fc8090c9b08cf8f32419 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-03-29T15:02:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bomfim_vhs_me_sjrp.pdf: 2124719 bytes, checksum: eae3b7818f7a91da6ad5998675a30905 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T15:02:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bomfim_vhs_me_sjrp.pdf: 2124719 bytes, checksum: eae3b7818f7a91da6ad5998675a30905 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os reservatórios são ecossistemas artificiais, que apesar de constituírem uma fonte significativa de recurso hídrico para a população em várias cidades, estão, muitas vezes, sujeitos a impactos ambientais. A urbanização e a poluição por matéria orgânica são fatores que podem comprometer a qualidade da água, alterando também a biota ali presente. Torna-se assim necessário um monitoramento biológico para avaliar as condições desses reservatórios. Uma das maneiras de se fazer esse monitoramento é através das análises dos organismos do zooplâncton, sendo que vários pesquisadores já comprovaram que esta comunidade pode ser um bom bioindicador pois apresenta alta sensibilidade a alterações nos recursos ou nas condições do ambiente aquático. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as variações na composição e densidade do zooplâncton na Represa Municipal e verificar quais fatores ambientais apresentam maior influência sobre tais variações. O que se espera com os dados adquiridos é que diferenças de densidade e diversidade ao longo do ano sejam causadas por alterações nos fatores da água provocadas por impactos antrópicos, podendo estar ligados à eutrofização. A Represa Municipal de São José do Rio Preto está localizada na região urbana da cidade e foi formada com o represamento do Rio Preto. É dividida em três lagos, sendo responsável pelo abastecimento de 30% a 40% da água que chega à população. As amostragens foram realizadas trimestralmente ao longo de um ano em seis pontos distribuídos na zona limnética do Lago 3. As coletas dos organismos foram realizadas por meio de arrastos verticais com rede de plâncton de 45 µm de malha. Nos mesmo pontos foram avaliados os fatores físicos e químicos, tais como profundidade e transparência por meio de um disco de Secchi, temperatura, ph, condutividade e oxigênio dissolvido por meio da sonda multiparâmetros YSI 556, além de clorofila-a e material em suspensão. Por meio dos dados de clorofila foi calculado o Índice do Estado Trófico. A comunidade zooplanctônica foi analisada segundo a composição de espécies de Cladocera e de Copepoda. Além destas espécies, Rotifera e Tecameba foram avaliados quantitativamente para determinação das abundâncias dos grupos. Por meio de medidas do comprimento do corpo, as classes de tamanho – micro, meso e macrozooplâncton – foram determinadas e suas abundâncias estimadas. Índices de diversidade de espécies de microcrustáceos foram determinados utilizando a riqueza de espécies, diversidade de Shannon~Winer, dominância de Simpson e equabilidade de Jaccard. Por meio de análise de variância, os dados, tanto dos 2 parâmetros físicos e químicos quanto os da comunidade, foram comparados entre os meses para detectar variações significativas. A correlação de Spearman foi realizada para verificar quais fatores ambientais poderiam estar relacionados com variações na comunidade. Os fatores físicos e químicos apresentaram variações significativas ao longo do ano e a represa pôde ser classificada como mesotrófica na maioria dos meses. Foram encontradas 11 espécies de cladóceros e 2 de copépodos, dando um total de 15 táxons registrados, contando com rotífero e tecameba. As densidades variaram ao longo do ano (p<0,05), exceto para rotíferos, sendo que o mês de novembro foi o mais abundante. Copepoda foi o grupo com os maiores valores de densidade, tendo a forma de náuplio como a mais numerosa. Dentre os cladóceros, Daphnia gessneri foi a espécie mais abundante, seguida de Moina micrura. Quanto às classes de tamanho, macrozooplâncton foi a mais numerosa, principalmente nos meses de agosto e novembro. A presença de espécies de cladóceros de tamanho grande como as do gênero Daphnia em elevadas densidades sugere que o ambiente não oferece condições de elevada eutrofização, como confirmado pelo Índice do Estado Trófico. As condições ambientais, mesmo apresentando variações ao longo do ano não demonstraram ser impróprias para o desenvolvimento da comunidade zooplanctônica. / Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems, which, while constituting a significant source of water resources for the population in several cities, are often subject to environmental impacts. Urbanization and pollution by organic matter are factors that can compromise the water quality, also altering the biota present there. Biological monitoring is therefore necessary to evaluate the conditions of these reservoirs. One of the ways to do this monitoring is through the analysis of zooplankton organisms, and several researchers have already proven that this community can be a good bioindicator because it has high sensitivity to changes in conditions of the aquatic environment. The objective of this study was to describe the variations in the composition and density of the zooplankton in the Represa Municipal de São José do Rio Preto and to verify which environmental factors present greater influence on such variations. What is expected from the data is that differences in density and diversity throughout the year are caused by changes in water factors caused by anthropic impacts and may be linked to eutrophication. The Represa Municipal of São José do Rio Preto is located in the urban area of the city and was formed with the impoundment of the rio Preto. It is divided into three lakes, being responsible for the supply of 30% to 40% of the water that reaches the population. Samplings were performed quarterly over a year at six points distributed in the limnetic zone of Lake 3. The organisms were collected by vertical trawls with 45 μm mesh of plankton. In the same points, the physical and chemical factors such as depth and transparency were evaluated by means of a Secchi disc, temperature, pH, conductivity and oxygen dissolved by means of the YSI 556 multiparameter probe, as well as chlorophyll-a and suspended material. Through the data of chlorophyll was calculated the Index of the Trophic State. The zooplankton community was analyzed according to the composition of Cladocera and Copepoda species. In addition to these species, Rotifera and Tecameba were evaluated quantitatively to determine the abundances of the groups. By means of body length measurements, size classes - micro, meso and macrozooplankton - were determined and their abundances estimated. Diversity indexes of microcrustaceans species were determined using species richness, Shannon-Winer diversity, Simpson dominance and Jaccard equability. By means of analysis of variance, the data of both the physical and chemical parameters as well as those of the community were compared between the months to detect significant variations. Spearman correlation was performed 4 to verify which environmental factors could be related to variations in the community. The physical and chemical factors presented significant variations throughout the year and the dam could be classified as mesotrophic in most months. Eleven species of cladocerans and two species of copepods were found, giving a total of 15 registered taxa, with rotifer and tecameba. The densities varied throughout the year (p <0.05), except for rotifers, and November was the most abundant. Copepoda was the group with the highest values of density, having the form of nauplio as the most numerous. Among the cladocerans, Daphnia gessneri was the most abundant species, followed by Moina micrura. As for size classes, macrozooplankton was the most numerous, especially in the months of August and November. The presence of large cladocera species such as those of the Daphnia genus at high densities suggests that the environment does not offer conditions of high eutrophication as confirmed by the Trophic State Index. Environmental conditions, even showing variations throughout the year, have not been shown to be unfit for the development of the zooplankton community.

<p>The aim of this essay was to investigate if different variables affected the distribution of fresh water pulmonate in Babati District, Tanzania. Can the absence of intermediate host be explained by basic vegetation evaluation, pH, conductivity and temperature? Or can it be explained by other factors as animals and vegetation in the surrounding? The study was carried out in Babati District, in Lake Babati, Kiongozi/Farahani River and the irrigation schemes in Matufa and Gichameda from the 23td of February until 7th of March, 2009. The species found during the survey were <em>Biomphalaria, Bulinus, </em>and <em>Lymnea. </em>Only <em>Biomphalaria pfeifferi </em>were present in the genus <em>Biomphalaria</em>. In <em>Bulinus </em>spp.<em>, B. globosus, B. forskalii, </em>and <em>B. africanus </em>were present. <em>Lymnea spp</em>. was represented by <em>L. natalensis</em>. Statistical tests were carried out with logistic models. The results of the statistical analysis revealed different significant results for the different snail species present. <em>L. natalensis </em>showed a significantly positive effect of the water temperature and was distributed in water temperatures ranging from 20.9°C to 24.3°C, which is in the lower range in this study. <em>Biomphalaria pfeifferi </em>and <em>Bulinus spp</em>. were significantly affected to an increase in conductivity. L. natalensis did show a significant effect of the type of bottom in the water body, and found muddy bottoms more suitable. Animal activity (livestock) did show a significant effect on the distribution of <em>L. natalensis </em>which found habitats without animals more suitable. Both <em>B. pfeifferi </em>and <em>L. natalensis </em>were significantly affected by vegetation in the surrounding and found habitats with grass, shrubs and trees more favourable before cultivated areas and forests. The statistical analysis made on the data collected in Babati District showed that temperature, conductivity, bottom in water body and vegetation in the surrounding, in general, significantly affected the fresh water pulmonate. Several variables as pH, water flow, canopy cover, vegetation in the water, however, were not significantly affecting the distribution of the snails. Further investigations of interactive effects of variables, however, are necessary to prevent high infection rates of trematodes infecting the pulmonate present in Babati District, Tanzania.</p>

The aim of this essay was to investigate if different variables affected the distribution of fresh water pulmonate in Babati District, Tanzania. Can the absence of intermediate host be explained by basic vegetation evaluation, pH, conductivity and temperature? Or can it be explained by other factors as animals and vegetation in the surrounding? The study was carried out in Babati District, in Lake Babati, Kiongozi/Farahani River and the irrigation schemes in Matufa and Gichameda from the 23td of February until 7th of March, 2009. The species found during the survey were Biomphalaria, Bulinus, and Lymnea. Only Biomphalaria pfeifferi were present in the genus Biomphalaria. In Bulinus spp., B. globosus, B. forskalii, and B. africanus were present. Lymnea spp. was represented by L. natalensis. Statistical tests were carried out with logistic models. The results of the statistical analysis revealed different significant results for the different snail species present. L. natalensis showed a significantly positive effect of the water temperature and was distributed in water temperatures ranging from 20.9°C to 24.3°C, which is in the lower range in this study. Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus spp. were significantly affected to an increase in conductivity. L. natalensis did show a significant effect of the type of bottom in the water body, and found muddy bottoms more suitable. Animal activity (livestock) did show a significant effect on the distribution of L. natalensis which found habitats without animals more suitable. Both B. pfeifferi and L. natalensis were significantly affected by vegetation in the surrounding and found habitats with grass, shrubs and trees more favourable before cultivated areas and forests. The statistical analysis made on the data collected in Babati District showed that temperature, conductivity, bottom in water body and vegetation in the surrounding, in general, significantly affected the fresh water pulmonate. Several variables as pH, water flow, canopy cover, vegetation in the water, however, were not significantly affecting the distribution of the snails. Further investigations of interactive effects of variables, however, are necessary to prevent high infection rates of trematodes infecting the pulmonate present in Babati District, Tanzania.

The investigation of the waters of Lake Bridgeport is to obtain data essential for a satisfactory understanding of the physical and chemical factors on the aquatic life. These factors detremine the kinds of food available for life there.

Pasaulinės Sveikatos Organizacijos ekspertų duomenimis, besivystančiose šalyse apie 30 proc. pastatų - naujai pastatytų ir rekonstruotų - turi vadinamąjį sergančio pastato sindromą (SPS). Tokiuose pastatuose ilgai būnantys žmonės pradeda skųstis įvairiais sveikatos negalavimais. Spėjama, kad šie simptomai pasireiškia 10-30 proc. tokiuose pastatuose dirbančių žmonių. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti darbuotojų nusiskundimų sveikatos simptomais ir darbo sąlygom pobūdį bei dažnį ir surinktus duomenis analizuoti atsižvelgiant į lytį, amžių, pareigas. Nustatyti sergančio pastato sindromo atsiradimą sąlygojančias priežastis. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas atliktas taikant internetinę apklausą. Anketoje buvo pateiktas 51 klausimas. Iš viso klausimyną užpildė 302 respondentai. Tai buvo suaugę, dirbantys asmenys. Rezultatai. Turinčių nusiskundimų darbo sąlygomis moterų skaičius buvo didesnis negu vyrų. Moterys dažniau jausdavo įvairius simptomus būdamos darbo vietoje. Administracines pareigas užimančių asmenų tarpe buvo mažiau besiskundžiančių darbo sąlygomis. Jie rečiau jausdavo įvairius simptomus lyginant su kitas pareigas užimančiais asmenimis. Taip pat turėjo didesnes tinkamų darbo aplinkos parametrų užtikrinimo galimybes. Reikšmingų skirtumų tarp skirtingų amžiaus grupių nebuvo nustatyta. Duomenys buvo analizuojami naudojant statistinės duomenų analizės programą „SPSS“. Išvados. Moterys turėjo daugiau nusiskundimų darbo sąlygomis bei darbo vietoje dažniau jausdavo įvairius simptomus lyginant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / According to the data of Word Health Organization, about 30 percent of the buildings in the developing countries, both newly-built and reconstructed, have the so-called sick building syndrome (SBS). The people who spend an extended period of time in such a building tend to begin having various health complaints. It is assumed that from 10 to 30 percent of the people who work in such buildings start having such complaints. Aim of the study: to examine the nature and the frequency of the workers’ complaints regarding the health and working conditions, and to analyze the collected data accounting for such variables as sex, age and occupation; to determine the reasons which condition the occurrence of the sick building syndrome. Methods. The research was conducted using the method of online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 51 questions and was completed by 302 respondents. All of the respondents were working adults. Results. The number of complaints about working conditions received from women exceeded that received from men. Women reported feeling various symptoms while at work more frequently. The number of complaints about working conditions from those who held administrative positions was lower. The people from this group reported feeling various symptoms less frequently, in comparison with the people who held other positions. They also had more possibilities to assure suitable parameters of the working environment. There were no significant differences among... [to full text]

M. Tech. (Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / During steel production, a large quantity of waste residue commonly known as slag is produced with a reasonable amount of metals such as calcium and magnesium. Iron and steel slags have various economically viable applications such as fertiliser production, cement production, road construction, land fill and soil reclamation. However, other applications respond to the issue of controlling and degrading high levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions by carbonating calcium and magnesium leach solutions from iron and steel slags. One such technological method is the extraction of calcium by means of leaching from iron and steel slag whereby CO2 sequestration is a long-term goal. In contrast, calcium and magnesium leach solutions can produce precipitated carbonates for various uses when carbonated. In addition, it is a crucial step to study the leaching parameters and reliable solvents for the dissolution of calcium and magnesium owing to their contents in iron and steel slags. The aim of this research project was to determine the physico-chemical factors affecting leaching of calcium from blast furnace slag and thereby improve the extent and kinetics of calcium extraction. The chemical and mineralogical study by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively, has shown that the blast furnace slag sample under study contained calcium in the form of aluminoakermanite ((Ca,Na)2(Al,Mg,Fe2+)). The minerals identified through XRD are classified as silicates with the host mineral being calcium in recoverable quantities. The initial XRF analysis showed that the slag contained 23.47% Ca, 5.21% Mg and 1.24% Fe with the rest being minor elements. The slag was received at a particle size of 20 mm. Size reduction was conducted in a dry rod mill process to produce a size of 80% -75μm. Particle size distribution was analysed by a simple laboratory sieving method. The leaching tests were conducted in an incubated orbital shaker by applying the one-factor-at-a-time method for a two-hour leaching test. Reaction temperature was controlled at 30, 50, 70 and 100˚C. Ionic strength varied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 molar (M). In addition, the solid/liquid ratio was observed in the range 200, 300, 400 and 600 gram/Litre (g/L). Acetic acid (CH3COOH), ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were tested individually as lixiviants under varying temperatures, ionic strengths and solid/liquid ratio. The results showed that extraction of calcium from ironmaking slag by leaching is feasible. 100% Ca was extracted using CH3COOH at 100˚C, 0.5 M, 200 g/L and 120 minutes. As the reaction temperature was increased from 50˚C up to 100˚C, silica gelling was observed, which hindered filtration of a leach liquor from a residue. Silica gelling did not compromise calcium recovery. The increase in lixiviant ionic strength and solid-liquid ratio did not influence calcium recovery. The role of anions during leaching by using ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride and acetic acid as lixiviants was identified. Sulphate ions were found to have the least influence in the increase in calcium recovery. Acetate ions have a significant role on dissolution of calcium as well as chloride ions. Consequently, the findings showed that temperature is the critical operating parameter that yielded exceptionally high calcium extraction percentages. CH3COOH yielded 80%-90% of calcium extracted under high reaction temperatures. The kinetic data for the effect of reaction temperature leaching data fitted one shrinking core model equation, which described diffusion-controlled leaching reactions. The diffusion controlled by a product layer model was fitted and the activation energy were calculated as 19.4930 kJ/mol for NH4Cl solvent. (NH4)2SO4 and CH3COOH did not fit into any model because of undefined kinetic data and formation of gelatinous silica layer during leaching process. The Arrhenius equation, confirmed that the leaching reaction by NH4Cl solvent fitted diffusion-controlled mechanism.

No description available.