This diploma thesis elaborated on the subject „Contemporary Health and Safety at Work Problems and their Influence on the Functioning of an Organization“ focuses on the description of contemporary state of Health and safety at work problems in work activities, where the source of risk is represented by chemical substances, from the point of view of a company. The thesis sets out a view of legislative definition for the mentioned topic and also the possible application of safety at work management programs. This part also includes a summary description of risk analysis methods. In the practical part of the thesis, there is an organizational directive for a fictive company engaged in chemical production made. This directive will identify possible occupational risks resulting from the manufacturing process, and it will also evaluate the amount of risk for particular work activities in conjunction with hazard factors. The next part of the thesis contains a proposal of measures for risk reduction, based upon the previously mentioned evaluation. In the final part of the thesis, the author contemplates the possibilities of health and safety at work system improvement.

[pt] A tese investiga as etapas do ciclo de planejamento de vendas e operações (S&OP), ampliando o entendimento sobre as etapas pouco pesquisadas do Global Roll-up e Global Executive Meeting. Apresenta um estudo de caso múltiplo, envolvendo cinco importantes subsidiárias latino-americanas de quatro corporações multinacionais. Dois modelos de S&OP são usados para orientar as observações e análises de campo, auxiliando na caracterização do fenômeno S&OP. Acadêmicos e profissionais podem obter conhecimento em primeira mão sobre como as etapas de Global Roll-up e Global Executive Meeting são conduzidas em corporações multinacionais para melhorar seus processos de planejamento. O papel do setor de finanças nos ciclos de S&OP/ Planejamento Integrado de Negócios (IBP) também é examinado e discutido em detalhe, fornecendo informações e ideias úteis para melhorar esses processos em outras organizações, abordando outra lacuna de pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que há desafios para consolidar e usar informações coletadas de várias subsidiárias em diferentes contextos em todo o mundo, mas benchmarking interno e compartilhamento de melhores práticas são explorados, bem como oportunidades de negócios entre países em relação a excessos de estoque, possibilidades de expansão do portfólio e utilização de capacidade ociosa. Adicionalmente, as observações permitiram concluir que o envolvimento precoce do setor de finanças no ciclo de S&OP é benéfico para o negócio, agregando valor ao processo decisório nas etapas iniciais e assumindo um papel central nas etapas de Premeeting e Executive Meeting do ciclo de S&OP. / [en] The thesis investigates the sales and operations planning (S&OP) cycle steps, expanding the understanding about the under-researched Global Roll-up and Global Executive Meeting steps. It presents a multiple case study embracing five important Latin American subsidiaries of four multinational corporations. Two S&OP frameworks are used to guide the field observations and analysis, aiding to improve the S&OP phenomenon s characterization. Scholars and practitioners can gain first-hand knowledge about how Global Roll-up and Global Executive Meeting steps are conducted in multinational corporations to improve their planning processes. The role of finance in S&OP / Integrated Business Planning (IBP) cycles is also examined and discussed in detail providing useful insights to improve these processes in other organizations, addressing another research gap. Findings indicate that there are challenges to consolidate and use information gathered from multiple subsidiaries in different contexts worldwide but internal benchmarking and sharing of best practices are explored as well as business opportunities among countries regarding inventory excess, portfolio expansion possibilities, and spare capacity utilization. Additionally, observations led to the conclusion that early involvement of finance in the S&OP cycle is beneficial for the business, adding value to the decision making process in the initial steps and taking a central role in the Pre-meeting and Executive Meeting steps.

Die Böhme Fettchemie ging aus der 1881 von Hermann Theodor Böhme errichteten „Drogen-, Farben- und chemische Produktehandlung“ hervor. Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts als kleine Verkaufshandlung gegründet, etablierte es sich innerhalb von 50 Jahren zu einem weltbekannten Unternehmen zunächst im Bereich der Textilhilfsmittel. Doch auch im Bereich der Haushaltswaschmittel erreichte es in den 1930er Jahren ebenfalls einen großen Bekanntheitsgrad. Mit der Werbefigur Johanna, die das weltweit erste synthetische Waschmittel „Fewa“ anpries, war es der Firma gelungen, ein breites Publikum auf sich aufmerksam zu machen. Neben der Unternehmensgeschichte – von der Gründung bis in die Mitte der 1940er Jahre – gibt die Autorin Ivonne Reichmann mit dem vorliegenden Werk Auskunft über soziale und wirtschaftliche Aspekte der Böhme Fettchemie. Die einzelnen, chronologisch gegliederten Kapitel erschließen die bauliche Erweiterung, die Mitarbeiterstruktur, den Ausbau der Produktpalette sowie die weltweite Ausdehnung des Unternehmens. Deren Werbemaßnahmen spielen dabei ebenso eine Rolle wie die Übernahme durch den Henkel-Konzern in den 1930er Jahren. Mit dieser Studie wird eine Forschungslücke zum bisher wenig betrachteten Bereich der chemischen Industrie im südwestsächsischen Raum geschlossen.:1. Fragestellung und Methode 2. Voraussetzungen und Anfänge der Unternehmensgründung 3. Unternehmensentwicklung bis zum Ende der 1920er Jahre 4. Die turbulenten 1930er Jahre 5. Das Unternehmen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs 6. Nachkriegsjahre / Böhme Fettchemie emerged from a 'drugs, dyes and chemical products shop' established by Hermann Theodor Böhme in 1881. Founded at the end of the 19th century as a small sales business, it established itself within 50 years as a world-famous company, initially in the field of textile auxiliaries. But also in the field of household laundry detergents it achieved a high degree of recognition in the 1930s. With the advertising figure Johanna, who praised the world's first synthetic detergent 'Fewa', the company succeeded in attracting the attention of a wide audience. In addition to the company's history – from its foundation to the mid-1940s – the author Ivonne Reichmann provides information about the social and economic aspects of Böhme Fettchemie with this work. The individual, chronologically structured chapters reveal the structural expansion, the employee structure, the expansion of the product range as well as the worldwide expansion of the company. Their advertising measures play just as much a role as the takeover by the Henkel Group in the 1930s. This study closes a research gap to the hitherto little considered area of the chemical industry in southwest Saxony.:1. Fragestellung und Methode 2. Voraussetzungen und Anfänge der Unternehmensgründung 3. Unternehmensentwicklung bis zum Ende der 1920er Jahre 4. Die turbulenten 1930er Jahre 5. Das Unternehmen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs 6. Nachkriegsjahre

Population Protection againts Impacts from Major Chemical Accident in recent years is an important area to address. This thesis focuses on the current situation and preventive security measures in protecting the population against the effects of serious chemical accidents. Specifically, it focuses on the Czech Republic and toxic industrial chemicals, explosive and flammable. A detailed analysis of the current situation in the Czech Republic with risk areas relating to chemical industry and hazardous chemicals was worked out. An analysis of the current status of population protection from the effects of serious chemical accidents is prepared. On the basis of the analysis measures are suggested to improve the current situation in accordance with legislation. The work was carried out research on their own knowledge of the population in this in pre-selected location.

This paper presents the development and mathematical implementation of a production scheduling model utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). A simplified model of a real-world multi-product batch plant constitutes the basis. The paper shows practical extensions to the model, resulting in a digital twin of the plant. Apart from sequential arrangement, the final model contains maintenance periods, campaign planning and storage constraints to a limited extend. To tackle weak computational performance and missing model features, a condensed mathematical formulation is introduced at first. After stating that these measures do not suffice for applicability in a restrained time period, a novel solution strategy is proposed. The overall non-iterative algorithm comprises a multi-step decomposition approach, which starts with a reduced scope and incrementally complements the schedule in multiple subproblem stages. Each of those optimizations holds less decision variables and makes use of warmstart information obtained from the predecessor model. That way, a first feasible solution accelerates the subsequent improvement process. Furthermore, the optimization focus can be shifted beneficially leveraging the Gurobi solver parameters. Findings suggest that correlation may exist between certain characteristics of the scheduling scope and ideal parameter settings, which yield potential for further investigation. Another promising area for future research addresses the concurrent multi-processing of independent MILPs on a single machine. First observations indicate that significant performance gains can be achieved in some cases, though sound dependencies were not discovered yet.