The aim of this study was to examine the representation of Nature of Science (NOS) aspects in 9th grade chemistry textbooks. Two textbooks nation-wide used are analyzed, one of them is written in Turkish the other in English. These textbooks were written according to 2008-2009 education program&rsquo / s curriculum. A qualitative oriented approach was employed and ethnographic content analysis was used as the methodological framework for this research as Irez (2006) has performed. Data were analyzed by means of books&rsquo / sentences. The results of the study revealed that both of two chemistry textbooks were inadequate in representing NOS aspects which are / 1. Observation and inference are distinct entities of science, 2. Science is influenced by the social and cultural environment of the scientist, 3. Science is partly the product of human creativity and imagination, 4. Scientific knowledge is tentative, empirical and theory laden, 5. There exists a distinct, non-hierarchical relationship between scientific theories and laws, 6. &ldquo / There is no universal, recipe-like, method for doing science.&rdquo / The frequency of presence of each aspect in books was very low.

A tecnologia está presente de forma crescente em vários campos da sociedade e na educação tem sido bastante abordada no movimento CTS. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a análise dos livros didáticos de química do Ensino Médio e a elucidação das principais abordagens sobre tecnologia presentes nesses textos. Os dados analisados compreenderam trabalhos de pesquisa nos principais periódicos brasileiros da área de ensino de ciências, documentos oficiais que orientam esse ensino, editais de seleção e guias de livros didáticos assim como as quatro coleções de livros didáticos de química aprovadas no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático de 2015. A análise realizada foi baseada na análise de conteúdo utilizando categorias provenientes da literatura e categorias que emergiram dos textos. A análise dos documentos oficiais, do guia e dos editais de seleção dos livros didáticos revela que a tecnologia é considerada um conteúdo obrigatório no ensino de química. Um levantamento feito nos principais periódicos brasileiros da área de ensino de ciências revelou que a tecnologia é pouco pesquisada nesse contexto. Os trabalhos apontam que a principal concepção de tecnologia é a de ciência aplicada. Por outro lado, os documentos oficiais apontam para a importância de um ensino CTS, dos alunos compreenderem o processo histórico de desenvolvimento da tecnologia e compreenderem o funcionamento de artefatos tecnológicos. A análise dos livros didáticos revela que 79% dos exemplos encontrados apontam que tecnologia é ciência aplicada e em 8% aparecem como sinônimo de técnica. Em 12% dos trechos analisados a tecnologia influencia o desenvolvimento da ciência, entretanto na maioria dos casos é apresentada a ideia de modelo linear de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Os livros didáticos também apresentam alguns exemplos de cultura tecnológica intrínseca e extrínseca. Na cultura tecnológica extrínseca dividiram-se os exemplos em otimismo e pessimismo tecnológico, acessibilidade da tecnologia, neutralidade da tecnologia e tecnologia muda a forma de ver o mundo. O número de exemplos em que a tecnologia foi vista de forma otimista é superior aos exemplos pessimistas. A tecnologia foi apresentada mais como fonte de exemplificação do que como fonte de conteúdo e também foi utilizada no livro como uma forma de justificar a aprendizagem da ciência. Assim, aparecem contradições entre as concepções de tecnologia veiculadas nos livros e as estabelecidas nos documentos oficiais. Tais contradições dificultam o trabalho dos professores em sala de aula e podem estar na raiz das visões equivocadas encontradas do termo. Dessa forma, trabalhar efetivamente a tecnologia em sala de aula requer uma mudança na postura tradicional, que tende a reduzir a tecnologia à mera ciência aplicada. Tal mudança passa necessariamente pela atualização de algumas ideias veiculadas pelos livros didáticos. / Technology is present increasingly in various fields of society and in education has been greatly addressed in the CTS movement. The aim of this work is the analysis of high school chemistry textbooks and the elucidation of the main approaches on technology present in these texts. The data analyzed included research work in the main Brazilian journals in the area of science education, official documents that guide this teaching, selection process and textbook guides as well as the four collections of chemistry textbooks approved in the National Textbook Plan of 2015. The analysis was based on the content analysis using categories from the literature and categories that emerged from the texts. The analysis of the official documents, the guide and the textbook selection processes reveals that technology is considered an obligatory content in teaching chemistry. A survey carried out in the main Brazilian journals in the field of science education revealed that technology is little researched in this context. The works show that the main concept of technology is applied science. On the other hand, official documents point to the importance of CTS teaching, students understanding of the historical process of technology development and understanding of the operation of technological artifacts. The analysis of the textbooks reveals that 79% of the examples found point out that technology is applied science and in 8% they appear as synonymous with technique. In 12% of the extracts analyzed technology influences the development of science. However, in most cases the idea of a linear model of scientific and technological development is presented. The textbooks also present some examples of intrinsic and extrinsic technological culture. In the extrinsic technological culture the examples were divided into optimism and technological pessimism, technology accessibility, technology neutrality and technology modifies the way we see the world. The number of examples in which the technology was viewed optimistically is superior to pessimistic examples. Technology was presented more as a source of exemplification than as a source of subject matter and was also used in the book as a way of justifying the learning of science. Thus, contradictions appear between the conceptions of technology conveyed in the books and those established in the official documents. Such contradictions make the work of teachers difficult in the classroom and may be at the root of the mistaken views of the term. Thus, effectively working the technology in the classroom requires a change in the traditional posture, which tends to reduce technology to mere applied science. Such change necessarily involves the updating of some ideas conveyed by textbooks.

A tecnologia está presente de forma crescente em vários campos da sociedade e na educação tem sido bastante abordada no movimento CTS. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a análise dos livros didáticos de química do Ensino Médio e a elucidação das principais abordagens sobre tecnologia presentes nesses textos. Os dados analisados compreenderam trabalhos de pesquisa nos principais periódicos brasileiros da área de ensino de ciências, documentos oficiais que orientam esse ensino, editais de seleção e guias de livros didáticos assim como as quatro coleções de livros didáticos de química aprovadas no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático de 2015. A análise realizada foi baseada na análise de conteúdo utilizando categorias provenientes da literatura e categorias que emergiram dos textos. A análise dos documentos oficiais, do guia e dos editais de seleção dos livros didáticos revela que a tecnologia é considerada um conteúdo obrigatório no ensino de química. Um levantamento feito nos principais periódicos brasileiros da área de ensino de ciências revelou que a tecnologia é pouco pesquisada nesse contexto. Os trabalhos apontam que a principal concepção de tecnologia é a de ciência aplicada. Por outro lado, os documentos oficiais apontam para a importância de um ensino CTS, dos alunos compreenderem o processo histórico de desenvolvimento da tecnologia e compreenderem o funcionamento de artefatos tecnológicos. A análise dos livros didáticos revela que 79% dos exemplos encontrados apontam que tecnologia é ciência aplicada e em 8% aparecem como sinônimo de técnica. Em 12% dos trechos analisados a tecnologia influencia o desenvolvimento da ciência, entretanto na maioria dos casos é apresentada a ideia de modelo linear de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Os livros didáticos também apresentam alguns exemplos de cultura tecnológica intrínseca e extrínseca. Na cultura tecnológica extrínseca dividiram-se os exemplos em otimismo e pessimismo tecnológico, acessibilidade da tecnologia, neutralidade da tecnologia e tecnologia muda a forma de ver o mundo. O número de exemplos em que a tecnologia foi vista de forma otimista é superior aos exemplos pessimistas. A tecnologia foi apresentada mais como fonte de exemplificação do que como fonte de conteúdo e também foi utilizada no livro como uma forma de justificar a aprendizagem da ciência. Assim, aparecem contradições entre as concepções de tecnologia veiculadas nos livros e as estabelecidas nos documentos oficiais. Tais contradições dificultam o trabalho dos professores em sala de aula e podem estar na raiz das visões equivocadas encontradas do termo. Dessa forma, trabalhar efetivamente a tecnologia em sala de aula requer uma mudança na postura tradicional, que tende a reduzir a tecnologia à mera ciência aplicada. Tal mudança passa necessariamente pela atualização de algumas ideias veiculadas pelos livros didáticos. / Technology is present increasingly in various fields of society and in education has been greatly addressed in the CTS movement. The aim of this work is the analysis of high school chemistry textbooks and the elucidation of the main approaches on technology present in these texts. The data analyzed included research work in the main Brazilian journals in the area of science education, official documents that guide this teaching, selection process and textbook guides as well as the four collections of chemistry textbooks approved in the National Textbook Plan of 2015. The analysis was based on the content analysis using categories from the literature and categories that emerged from the texts. The analysis of the official documents, the guide and the textbook selection processes reveals that technology is considered an obligatory content in teaching chemistry. A survey carried out in the main Brazilian journals in the field of science education revealed that technology is little researched in this context. The works show that the main concept of technology is applied science. On the other hand, official documents point to the importance of CTS teaching, students understanding of the historical process of technology development and understanding of the operation of technological artifacts. The analysis of the textbooks reveals that 79% of the examples found point out that technology is applied science and in 8% they appear as synonymous with technique. In 12% of the extracts analyzed technology influences the development of science. However, in most cases the idea of a linear model of scientific and technological development is presented. The textbooks also present some examples of intrinsic and extrinsic technological culture. In the extrinsic technological culture the examples were divided into optimism and technological pessimism, technology accessibility, technology neutrality and technology modifies the way we see the world. The number of examples in which the technology was viewed optimistically is superior to pessimistic examples. Technology was presented more as a source of exemplification than as a source of subject matter and was also used in the book as a way of justifying the learning of science. Thus, contradictions appear between the conceptions of technology conveyed in the books and those established in the official documents. Such contradictions make the work of teachers difficult in the classroom and may be at the root of the mistaken views of the term. Thus, effectively working the technology in the classroom requires a change in the traditional posture, which tends to reduce technology to mere applied science. Such change necessarily involves the updating of some ideas conveyed by textbooks.

Vocabulary in a second language is an indispensable building block of all comprehension (Folse, 2006; Nation, 2006). Teachers in content area classes such as science, math, and social studies frequently teach content specific vocabulary, but are not aware of the obstacles that can occur when students do not know the basic words. Word lists such as the General Service List (GSL) were created to assist students and teachers (West, 1953). The GSL does not adequately take into account the high level of polysemy of many common English words, nor has it been updated by genre to reflect specific content domains encountered by secondary science students in today's high stakes classes such as chemistry. This study examines how many words of the first 1000 words of the GSL occurred in the secondary chemistry textbooks sampled, how often the first 1000 words of the GSL were polysemous, and specifically which multiple meanings occurred. A discussion of results includes word tables that list multiple meanings present, example phrases that illustrate the context surrounding the target words, suggestions for a GSL that is genre specific to secondary chemistry textbooks and that is ranked by meaning as well as type, and implications for both vocabulary materials and classroom instruction for ELLs in secondary chemistry classes. Findings are essential to second language (L2) researchers, materials developers, publishers, and teachers.

TITLE: Evaluation of the text difficulty of chemistry textbooks for secondary vocational schools AUTHOR: Lucie Vosyková DEPARTMENT: Katedra chemie a didaktiky chemie SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Martin Rusek, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This thesis builds on previous researches of textbooks for primary, secondary and grammar schools and focuses on the analysis of the text difficulty of chemistry textbooks for secondary vocational schools of non-chemical focus. The aim of this work is to analyse the text difficulty of chemistry textbooks for non-chemical high schools, using the Nestlerova-Prucha-Pluskal method, to compare the text difficulty of chemistry textbooks for non-chemical high schools with primary and secondary school textbooks,and last but not least, to compare the text difficulty of particular chapters of choosen textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The results of the analysis are intended to provide teachers seeking support for their teaching with a possible criteria for a textbook selection. Based on the findings, the five analyzed series of textbooks can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of textbooks published by Scientia and Fortuna, whose text difficulty is at an appropriate level with a lower rate of technical terms. The other group consists of two textbooks published by SPN and...

Schon die beiden Vorgängerbibliotheken der SLUB, die 450 Jahre alte Sächsische Landesbibliothek und die 175 Jahre alte Bibliothek der Technischen Universität, verfügten über einen reichen Bestand historischer Drucke zu Naturwissenschaften und Technik...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Mourao Crecchi.pdf: 12889816 bytes, checksum: 1c44d7bd5410bdc474064fee2a6f44a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-17 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The present work focuses on illustrations of the pneumatic trough used by Lavoisier. Verify its role as an icon of modern chemistry. For this purpose we have analysed images of this apparatus presented in chemistry textbooks printed during the first half of XX century, regarding its relations to the text and also to ideas concerning the origins of modern chemistry. The selected primary sources include the Traité Elementaire de Chimie de Lavoisier and some Brasilian chemistry textbooks that were available in the first half of the XX century, such as: Noções de Chimica Inorganica (1875) by João Martins Teixeira; Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (1910) de Troost & Ed Pechard; Lições de Chimica (1915) and Chimica Geral Chimica Organica Analyse Chimica (1915) by J. Basin; Elementos de Chimica Inorganica (1918 and 1921) by Tibúrcio do Amaral; Pontos de Chimica (1937) by Almeida Cousin / No presente trabalho focalizamos a ilustração da cuba pneumática usada por Lavoisier. Verificamos seu papel como um ícone da química moderna. Para isso analisamos imagens desse aparato presente em livros didáticos de química, da primeira metade do século XX, suas relações com o texto e com idéias sobre as origens da química moderna. Usamos como fonte primária o Traité Elementaire de Chimie de Lavoisier e os livros didáticos de química que circulavam no Brasil, na primeira metade do século XX, entre eles: Noções de Chimica Inorganica (1875) de João Martins Teixeira; Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (1910) de Troost & Ed Pechard; Lições de Chimica (1915) e Chimica Geral Chimica Organica Analyse Chimica (1915) de J. Basin; Elementos de Chimica Inorganica (1918 e 1921) de Tibúrcio do Amaral; Pontos de Chimica (1937) de Almeida Cousin

The abstract The main aim of the dissertation was to find out the level of knowledge and opinions of secondary technical and especially grammar school students in the field of Chemistry focusing on environmental problems of these days and their solutions. As a follow up of the research and the analysis of the current curriculum in Chemistry in grammar schools there are suggestions for some amendments in this subject. First of all, current trends of the environmental studies in different years of the educational system were monitored and the research results of preparation, realization and evaluation in secondary technical and grammar schools were analysed. In order to find out the level of environmental aspects in the content of the Chemistry textbooks currently in use at grammar schools, they were analysed by focusing on their eco-oriented content, the useable parts in each chapter were evaluated and some recommendations for their amendments were offered. Selected grammar school and secondary technical school students undertook the survey in order to find out their knowledge and opinions about the current environmental problems. The method of the research was conducted in the form of research questions and relevant hypothesis which was focused on finding out attitudes and opinions about the creation and...