Base teórica: Muitos pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) necessitam da instituição da ventilação mecânica invasiva (VM). Porém esta pode trazer efeitos deletérios como: alteração na higiene brônquica e pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAV). Devido a isso, faz-se necessária avaliação de técnicas de higiene brônquicas eficazes e o menos deletérias possíveis. Objetivos: Comparar a eficácia das técnicas em estudo: vibrocompressão (VB) (G1), hiperinsuflação com o ventilador mecânico (HMV) (G2) VB + HMV (G3) na quantidade de secreção aspirada (SEC), no tempo de VM, na incidência de PAV, na reintubação orotraqueal (Re-IoT) e na mortalidade de pacientes em VM. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, realizado no Centro de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Foram incluídos no estudo 93 pacientes (29 G1, 32 G2 e 32 G3) em VM por mais de 24 horas. Foram aplicadas as seguintes técnicas: aspiração isolada (ASP), VB, HMV e VB + HMV. Foram medidas as seguintes variáveis: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), pressão arterial média (PAM), saturação arterial periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), pressão inspiratória de pico (PIP), volume corrente (VC), complacência dinâmica (Cdyn), peso da SEC; tempo de VM, Re-IoT, incidência de PAV e mortalidade na VM. Conclusão: O grupo 3 foi o único que apresentou aumento significativo da SEC, quando comparado à ASP (0,7 g (0,1-2,5) vs 0,2 g (0,0-0,6) – p = 0,006). Em comparação com os demais grupos, o grupo 2 apresentou aumento significativo na incidência de PAV (22% - p = 0,003) e Re-IoT (21,9% - p = 0,048), demonstrando assim, na amostra estudada, que VB + HMV é mais eficaz quanto à quantidade de SEC e exerce efeito protetor, juntamente com a VB, na incidência de PAV e Re-IoT. / Background: Many patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) require the institution of invasive Mechanical Ventilation (MV). However, this can bring harmful effects such as changes in mucociliary transport and cough capacity, leading to bronchial obstruction and Ventilator Associated-Pneumonia (VAP). Objective: To compare the efficacy of the techniques: Vibrocompression (G1), Hyperinflation with Mechanical Ventilation (G2) Vibrocompression + Hyperinflation with Mechanical Ventilation (G3) in the amount of Aspirated Secretions (AS), MV time, the incidence of VAP, Re-intubation tracheal (Re-IoT) and mortality of patients on MV. Method: Randomized clinical trial, conducted at the Intensive Care Unit, of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). 93 patients were included in the study (29 G1, 32 G2 and 32 G3) in mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. The following techniques were applied: Isolated Aspiration (ASP), Vibrocompression (VB), Hyperinflation with Mechanical Ventilation (HMV) Vibrocompression + Hyperinflation with Mechanical Ventilation (HMV + VB). The following variables were measured: Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Peripheral Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SpO2); Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Tidal Volume (TV); Dynamic Compliance (Cdyn); weight of the AS; VM time; Re-IoT; VAP incidence and mortality in the VM. Conclusion: The HMV + VB (G3) was the only group that showed significant increase in the AS (0.7 g (0.1-2.5) vs 0.2 g (0.0-0.6) – p = 0.006) when compared to ASP. Compared with the other groups G2 showed a significant increase in the incidence of VAP (22% - p = 0.003) and Re-IoT (21.9% - p = 0.048). Thus demonstrating in the sample, which HMV + VB is more effective as the amount of secretion aspirated and has a protective effect, along with the VB, the incidence of VAP and Re-IoT.

Bakgrund: Cystisk fibros påverkar lungornas funktion och individens hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Behandlingen är krävande både fysiskt och psykiskt, och en tidskrävande del av den fysioterapeutiska behandlingen är andningsgymnastik inklusive sekretmobiliserande tekniker (airway clearance techniques/ACT).  Syfte: Att undersöka vilken effekt fysisk träning har på lungfunktion och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökning gjordes i databaserna PubMed och Cochrane, åtta studier inkluderades. Tre studier undersökte konditionsträning, en undersökte styrketräning, tre undersökte kombinerad konditions- och styrketräning, och en undersökte både kondition- och styrketräning i två olika interventionsgrupper jämfört med kontrollgrupp. Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes med PEDro-skalan, evidensgradering med GRADEstud. Resultat: Litteraturstudien visade motstridiga resultat gällande valda träningsformers effekt på lungfunktion och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Fyra studier visade signifikanta effekter på ett eller flera lungfunktionsmått, två studier visade signifikanta effekter gällande hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Studierna var indelade i tre kategorier utifrån träningsform. Evidensen bedömdes som begränsad gällande konditionsträning, och otillräcklig för både styrketräning och kombinerad konditions- och styrketräning. Konklusion: Granskning av studierna visade motstridiga resultat vilket gav låg evidensgrad, och utifrån denna referensram kan inga säkra slutsatser dras gällande vilken effekt fysisk träning har på lungfunktion och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet vid CF. / Background: Cystic fibrosis affects the pulmonary function and health related quality of life (HRQoL). The treatment is physically and mentally demanding, and a time-consuming part is chest physiotherapy, which contains airway clearance techniques (ACT). Study purpose: investigate the effects of exercise on pulmonary function and HRQoL, and provide a basis for future research regarding whether exercise could substitute for chest physiotherapy.  Method: Systematic review. Search conducted in PubMed and Cochrane; eight studies included. Three examined aerobic exercise, one weight training, three a combination of aerobic- and weight training, one aerobic- and weight training divided in two intervention groups. Assessment of study quality was made with PEDro-scale. Strength of evidence assessed by GRADEstud.  Results: Studies were divided into three categories based on exercise form. Contradicting results regarding the effects of exercise on pulmonary function and HRQoL were found in all categories. Four studies presented significant effects on pulmonary function measures, two showed significant effects on HRQoL. Strength of evidence: limited for aerobic training, insufficient for both weight training and a combination of aerobic- and weight training.  Conclusion: This review presented contradicting results which eventuated in low strength of evidence, therefor no definite conclusions can be made regarding the effect of exercise on pulmonary function and HRQoL.

Title The effect of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective The main purpose of this study is to expose and evaluate the efficacy of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by using pulmonary functions and Quality of Life measurements from recent studies. Methodology This thesis is literature review. The selected studies were according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selections of recent studies were published from the year of 2000 until 2017 in English language. The following research databases were selected to identify the relevant topic: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro, and CINAHL. The parameters' results from the articles have been also selected by evaluation the statistical differences according to the P-values. Results Twenty-three articles out of 117 have been found according to inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The techniques were active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT), positive expiratory pressure (PEP), temporary of positive expiratory pressure (T-PEP), Oscillating positive expiratory pressure (O-PEP), high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), slow expiration with glottis opened in lateral posture (ELTGOL), postural drainage, and autogenic...