Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-19T20:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleOliveira.pdf: 3365250 bytes, checksum: 69a6539e863c47e5afe58bc728cc0e02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T20:35:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleOliveira.pdf: 3365250 bytes, checksum: 69a6539e863c47e5afe58bc728cc0e02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Health indicators are tools important for measuring a reality, a management avaliation and planning of the health actions in the swiral áreas. Among the more used health indicators to monitor the child health. However, in Maranhao are scarce existing information on child health and information about health conditions indicators and health dimensions of the child population and performance of the health system The general goal was to analyse child health indicators among little boys of Five years old dwelling in the State of Maranhão attended by the Bassic Attention. It deals with observational, descriptive, study, also under a quantitative approach, performed based on the SIAB reports. As to the demographical indicators there was reduction anridst all the child groups and increase of the age group of adults of 60 years old. The socio-environmental indicators showed that 34,8% of the registered families in the basic attention use water wittout any care. Only 6% of the family had a drain system in 2013. The operational indicators showed na increase of babies of four months year old under breastfeeding exclusive, with are increase of little boys under uptodate vaccines reaching. Among the related epidemiological indicators as to the morbity there was na increase in the proportion of children under low weight at birth. A stressed fall in the proportion of little boys under malnutrition. Among the epidemiological indicators there was a fall in the infantile general mortality and from all its components with supremacy of the postneonatal component. As to the infantile mortality by health macroregional, the Coroatá end Pinheiro macroregional presented infantily mortality rate superior to that one met in the State. The expansion of the population cover in Maranhão shoewed na increase of access of the infantule population towards the health service, so contribting to bether health conditions. / Indicadores de saúde são instrumentos importantes para medir uma realidade, avaliar e planejar ações de saúde nas diversas áreas, entre elas o monitoramento da saúde infantil. Entretanto, no Maranhão são escassas informações existentes sobre indicadores de saúde da criança e informações sobre condições sanitárias, assim como dimensões do estado de saúde da população infantil e o desempenho do sistema de saúde. Objetivou-se analisar indicadores de saúde infantil em menores de cinco anos residentes no Estado do Maranhão, atendidos pela Atenção Básica. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com base no Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica, abordando indicadores socioambientais, demográficos, operacionais e epidemiológicos nos anos 1998, 2003, 2008 e 2013. Com o passar dos anos observou-se diminuição entre todas as faixas etárias infantis e aumento da faixa etária de maiores de 60 anos. Os indicadores socioambientais mostraram que 34,8% das famílias cadastradas na atenção básica utilizam água sem tratamento e somente 6% das famílias eram coberta por sistema de esgoto em 2013. Os indicadores operacionais mostraram aumento das crianças menores de quatro meses em aleitamento materno exclusivo; aumento das crianças menores de um ano com vacinas em dia. Entre os indicadores epidemiológicos relacionados à morbidade, houve aumento na proporção de crianças com baixo peso ao nascer e queda acentuada na proporção de crianças menores de um ano desnutridas. Houve queda na mortalidade infantil geral e de todos os seus componentes. Quanto à mortalidade infantil por macrorregionais de saúde, as Macrorregionais de Coroatá e Pinheiro apresentaram taxa de mortalidade infantil superior à encontrada no Estado. A expansão da cobertura populacional da Atenção Básica no Maranhão mostrou um aumento do acesso da população infantil aos serviços de saúde, contribuindo para melhorias nas condições de saúde.

Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.

Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.