Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-68).

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 120-132).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-132). Also available in print.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina Teodoro Trinidad.pdf: 10137598 bytes, checksum: ebf7f617d934cd5eb2918d6ad1300b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-03 / Fundação Ford / This study aimed to determine: a) if - and how - children in preschool understand racial- ethnic identification; b) the criteria they employ to do so; and c) the means by which this identification is formulated. The research was conducted in an elementary school, situated in the west part of the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, involving 33 children between 4 and 5 years old. The theoretical framework includes approaches to the ethnic-racial identification, specifically those that consider race as a social construction. Furthermore, some categories of the socio-historical theory in Psychology, in particular, the appropriation of 'senses and meanings' were employed. Finally, it was adopted the notion of child proposed by Sociology of Childhood, which sees children as a legitimate social actor, one who produces symbols, representations and beliefs that contribute to their own cultures. The literature review was mainly from North-America, since in Brazil, there are few studies dealing with ethnic and/or racial identification made by children or adolescents. Methodologically, an ethnographic approach was employed in this study, using the following procedures for data collection: participant observations, informal conversations, children s storytelling and document analysis. The results show that young children know and employ racial-ethnic categories while playing or interacting with their peers, but do not select their friends based on their skin color. Nevertheless, they do verbalize a desire to have characteristics not associated with blacks, hair and skin tone being those most frequently mentioned. Apparently, all this indicates that meanings socially constructed, for both whites and blacks, have been appropriate by those children, being especially difficult to handle for those of interracial relationships. In fact, as the similarity to black people increases, the desire of being white intensifies. Finally, it is important to mention that the male and female roles have also been duly appropriated and are reproduced by girls and boy in their everyday life. This situation reveals the urgency of breaking the tendency to reproduce and perpetuate gender discriminations present in society. Lastly, the e results show that adults working at the elementary school as well as the children's own parents do not consider that to answer questions regarding color or race can be of any use, demonstrating a lack of knowledge about the importance of educating children to recognize ethnic and racial diversity as something to be respected and positively valued / Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar: 1) se e como as crianças em idade pré-escolar compreendem a identificação étnico-racial; 2) os critérios que empregam para tal; e 3) a forma por meio da qual essa identificação é explicitada. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola de educação infantil situada na zona oeste da cidade de São Paulo (SP-Brasil) e contou com o envolvimento de 33 crianças entre quatro e cinco anos de idade. O referencial teórico foi constituído com base em três abordagens: 1) as teorias acerca da identificação étnico-racial, em especial aquelas que consideram a raça uma construção social; a proposta sócio-histórica da Psicologia, com particular atenção às categorias sentido e significado ; e 3) a concepção proposta pela Sociologia da Infância, segundo a qual a criança é um ator social legítimo e de direito, que produz símbolos, representações e crenças que contribuem para suas próprias culturas. A revisão da literatura centrou-se, sobretudo, em autores norte-americanos, tendo em vista que, no Brasil, poucos são os estudos que tratam da identificação étnico-racial de crianças e adolescentes. Em termos metodológicos, optou-se pela abordagem etnográfica, e a coleta de dados pautou-se pelos seguintes procedimentos: observações participantes, conversas informais, contação de histórias pelas crianças e análise documental. Os resultados mostraram que crianças de pouca idade conhecem e empregam as categorias étnico-raciais; em suas brincadeiras e interações, não selecionam seus pares tendo como base a cor da pele; verbalizam, no entanto, o desejo de ter características associadas ao grupo de pessoas brancas, sendo o cabelo e a tonalidade da pele as mais mencionadas. Tudo isso aponta para o fato de que os sentidos e os significados dados a brancos e negros já foram apropriados pelas crianças. Em relação aos filhos de relacionamentos inter-raciais, notou-se que, quanto mais as crianças apresentam traços físicos que se aproximam dos atribuídos às pessoas negras, maior é o desejo de serem brancas. Os papéis sociais masculinos e femininos também foram devidamente apropriados e reproduzidos no cotidiano infantil, apontando ser necessário romper com a tendência de reproduzir e perpetuar a discriminação de gênero presente na sociedade. Averiguou-se, também, que a instituição de educação infantil e as famílias das crianças não consideram o preenchimento do quesito cor/raça (seja no Censo da População ou no Censo Escolar) necessário ou relevante, explicitando que desconhecem a importância de educar as crianças pequenas para reconhecerem a diversidade étnico-racial como algo a ser respeitado e positivamente valorizado

This thesis deals with manners of interaction of teachers with children in kindergartens and focuses mainly on solving problematic situations. We are examining question on how to strengthen resilience of children and what ways of interactions with teachers contribute to this process. To find recommendations for interactions with preschool children, we are looking at needs and characteristics of preschool children and comparing various models of resilience in the theoretical part of the work. The theories of Bandura and Seligman form a basis for our approach, but we also contrast them with other sources. At the same time, we are looking at results of international studies describing nature of interactions in their preschool institutions. In the empirical part, we look at the question, which interactions teacher-child occur with highest frequency when solving a problematic situation and if these interactions from teacher to child can be considered as supportive for strengthening resilience of the child. Our research is based on the analysis of 242 events recorded in preschool institutions in Prague. We compare our results with German study of König (2006), from which we have adapted part of the coding scheme. Keywords: resilience, self-efficacy, mediated learning experience, children (preschool...

The diploma thesis deals with problems of preparation of children in kindergartens before entering elementary school. The work is mainly focused on the development of pre- reading skills in children. The first part of the thesis deals with the issue of pre-school education legislation. The following are the areas in which children need to develop the most and need to be supported. The second part of the diploma thesis contains information about the survey that was carried out. In conclusion, recommendations and a summary of the lessons learned are presented.

Die Arbeit begründet durch die Betrachtung empirischer Befunde die Notwendigkeit von naturwissenschaftlicher Vorschulbildung, hinterfragt und analysiert bestehendes Bildungsmaterial und entwickelt einen Umsetzungsvorschlag in Form einer Broschüre für die Bildungspraxis von Erzieher_innen. Dazu werden in dieser Arbeit Qualitätsmerkmale naturwissenschaftlicher Bildungsprozesse und naturwissenschaftlichen Bildungsmaterials herausgearbeitet und auf bestehendes Bildungsmaterial angewendet. Das Fazit diagnostiziert den bestehenden Bildungskonzepten ein naturwissenschaftliches Defizit und ein mangelndes Verständnis dafür, was naturwissenschaftliches Vorgehen ausmacht. Es stellt die Anschlussfähigkeit des erworbenen Wissens in Frage und fordert ein Umdenken in der naturwissenschaftlichen Ausbildung von Erzieher_innen.:1. Einleitung 1.1 Problembeschreibung 1.2 Fragestellung 1.3 Methodische Vorgehensweise 2. Naturwissenschaftliche Vorschulbildung in Studien, Lehr- und Bildungsplänen 2.1 Vorschulbildung in empirischen Studien 2.2 Naturwissenschaften im sächsischen Bildungsplan 2.3 Naturwissenschaft im Lehrplan der sächsischen Fachschule für Sozialwesen 3. Theoretische Betrachtung naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung 3.1 Scientific Literacy 3.2 Nature of Science 3.3 Naturwissenschaftliche Konzepte 3.4 Conceptual Change Theorie 3.5 Situationsansatz 3.6 Ziele naturwissenschaftlicher Vorschulbildung 3.7 Qualitätsdimensionen naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung in der Kita 4. Analyse und Bewertung bestehenden Materials für die Kita 4.1 Experimentierbücher 4.2 Broschüren der Stiftung Haus der kleinen Forscher 4.3 Experimentierkästen 5. Entwicklung eines didaktischen Mediums 5.1 Identifikation physikalischer Konzepte 5.1.1 Basiskonzept Materie 5.1.2 Basiskonzept Energie 5.1.3 Basiskonzept Wellen und Schwingungen 5.1.4 Basiskonzept Kräfte und Wechselwirkungen 5.2 Naturwissenschaftliche Denk- und Arbeitsweisen 5.3 Die physikalische Grundbildung der Fachkraft 5.4 Konzipierung des didaktischen Materials 6. Implementierung einer geeigneten naturwissenschaftlichen Bildungspraxis in der Kita 6.1 Gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz 6.2 Entwicklung professioneller Kompetenz 6.3 Verfügbarkeit geeigneten Materials 7. Zusammenfassung 8. Weiterführende Fragen Literaturverzeichnis Anhänge Anhang 1 – Übersicht der empirischen Studien zur vorschulischen Bildung Anhang 2 – Soziale Disparität in der PISA 2015 Studie Anhang 3 – Das Struktur-Prozessmodell nach Roux und Tietze Anhang 4 – Kriterien zur Bewertung naturwissenschaftlichen Bildungsmaterials Anhang 5 – Mathematische Herleitung des Archimedischen Prinzips Anhang 6 – Schatten in unterschiedlichen Beleuchtungssituationen Anhang 7 – Übersicht der physikalischen Realschulbildung Anhang 8 – Broschüre „Physik in der Kita“