Nutrition education is recognised as being of value in the prevention of malnutrition. However, in order for it to be effective, an in-depth study of the community prior to the implementation of any nutrition education programme is essential. A study of the nutritional status of pre-school children in Malukazi (an informal, unplanned Black township in the greater Durban area) together with background information on the household and the childminder was therefore undertaken, so that recommendations for a nutrition education programme in the area could be made. The relationship between nutritional status and certain ecological variables was also studied in order to determine which of these, if any, was a significant factor in the development of malnutrition. Nutritional status was assessed by using anthropometric measures (height and weight) and dietary intake (24-hour recall and food frequency). Background information obtained included socio-economic status; food purchasing, preparation and storage patterns; intrafamilial pattern of eating; food taboos; clinic attendance; and the childminder's sage, educational level, body size, nutritional knowledge and attitude towards nutrition education. Information was obtained by means of face-to-face interviews using a single, trained interviewer. The incidence of low weight-for-age was relatively low and that of low height-for-age ("stunting") considerably higher (14,2% and 47,3% below the 3rd percentile respectively), indicating that chronic malnutrition is a serious problem in this community. Information on dietary intake showed that intakes of several nutrients notably energy, calcium, vitamin A, ascorbic acid and vitamin D were low for the study population. The percentage of total energy provided by the various macronutrients was however in line with recommendations, which tends to indicate that the greatest need is for an overall increase in food intake. Of the ecological variables studied, only two were found to be significantly associated with the incidence of malnutrition. These were the number of children cared for by the childminder (p=0,04) and whether or not the household grew their own vegetables (p=0,02). The degree of malnutrition found to exist in this community, together with the unsatisfactory level of nutritional knowledge of the childminders and their apparent willingness to learn more, revealed the desirability for further nutrition education in this area. Recommendations regarding future nutrition education programmes for this community based on the findings of the study are submitted. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1991.

No description available.

The relationship of Saturday morning television food commercials viewed and the food consumption of third graders in the Franklin County Community School Corporation in Franklin County, Indiana, was investigated. Such information should help parents, dietitians, and teachers educate children, ultimately producing a healthier population. The results of this study could possibly assist the federal agencies revise guidelines to help protect the children.The independent variable measured was food commercials viewed on Saturday morning; the dependent variable was food consumed. The instrument was designed, pilot-tested, and administered by the researcher with subjects’ identities remaining anonymous.Following data collection, the relationship between the variables was tested using phi coefficient. The phi value of .470 was considered to be significant beyond the .05 level to .00000 level. It was concluded that foods viewed on television are significantly correlated with foods consumed. / Department of Home Economics

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-138). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Food Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-112).

Thesis (B.Psy.Sc.(Hons.)) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.

The purpose of this study was to determine if a short-term nutrition education program could significantly improve the nutrition knowledge (as assessed by the .Nutrition Achievement Test (NAT)) and body composition (as measured by the weight-for-length index (WLI) and body mass index (BMI)) of female cheerleaders aged 7 to 13. Nutrition lessons were presented to the experimental group during a two month treatment period. Using a pre-test, post-test, control group design, and performing two-sample t tests on mean differences (post-test minus pre-test) in BMI, WLI and mean percent correct on the Nutrition Achievement Test (NAT), it was discovered that the experimental group (teams A,C; N=34) did not differ significantly from the control group (teams B,D; N=31) with respect to mean differences (post-test minus pre-test) in WLI (p=0.10), and BMI (p=0.49). However, the experimental and control groups differed significantly with respect to mean difference percent correct NAT scores (p=0.042), with the experimental group improving more than the control. Closer examination revealed the older experimental team (C) improved significantly (p=0.0017), while the younger experimental team (A), did not (p=0.64). Neither of the control groups improved significantly. ANCOVA was performed on the post-test percent correct on the NAT, using the pretest as a covariate, for the 15 experimental and 14 control subjects taking NAT Test 4. ANCOVA revealed that the experimental group’s adjusted post-test mean score was higher than the control's (p<.01). These results suggest that nutrition education may result in significant improvements in the nutrition knowledge of adolescent females enrolled in an extra-curricular cheerleading league and/or program.

The problem of this study is to show the calcium, phosphorus, and protein content of nursery school lunches. Many studies have been made of the calcium and protein requirements of preschool children. Fewer studies have been made of the phosphorus requirements of normal preschool children.

A research report submitted to the school of public health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of science in biostatistics. / Background: Globally malnutrition is an underlying cause of death and accounts for over 45% of under-5 mortality mainly resulting from diarrhoea and pneumonia. The post-2015 era has seen, more than 25% of Kenya’s population being food insecure, with considerable geographicandtemporaldisparities. Ourprimaryaimwastounderstandthedeterminants ofmalnutritionrelatedmorbidityandmortalityintheruralKilifiHDSS,withaspecialfocus on children admitted in Kilifi County Hospital (KCH) during 2002-2015. Methodology: Our study participants were all the children between the ages of 6 months to 15 years who were admitted two times or more at the KCH. The outcomes were derived from malnutrition-related admissions based on wasting (WHZ<-2) and oedema and the discharge outcome whether alive or died. There were 3114 children with a total of 7620 admissions for children with more than one admission. In the exploratory data analysis, temporality and seasonality were determined using SARIMA time series models. Morans I index was used to investigate for the presence of spatial autocorrelation. SatScan was used to identify the spatial clusters of malnutrition related admissions and mortality. To understand mortality patterns, geo-additive logistic models were fitted to the KCH data. Mixed effects negative binomial models with separate space and temporal random effects were fit using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Estimation procedures. The Bayesian methods were used to estimate the spatial parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) assisted with either Metropolis Hastings or Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA). iii ABSTRACT Results: Therewere17,740childrenobservedovertheperiodofstudyand4.01%ofthosedied. A total of 23,347 admission events were observed of which 7,128 were malnutrition related. Outofthe17,740childrenadmitted, 3,114hadoneormoreadmissionevent. A seasonal hike in the May to July month was identified for malnutrition admission. Children with morethanoneadmission,(7620admissions)~24%(n=1858)hadamalnutritioneventand 6.24%ofthemdied. SpatialhotspotsclusterswereidentifiedintheNorthandSouthofthe creek and areas near Kilifi Town was identified as cold spots. Children with two or more severe diseases are more likely to have a malnutrition admission event and females are less likely to be admitted with malnutrition. There was a protective effect as the children grewolderandalsoastheirbodyweightsincreased.Themaleshadahigherriskofdeath compared to the females and a year increase in age reduced the risk of death by 15%. Conclusion: Abetterunderstandingofthefactorsthatcontributetomalnutritionattributableadmission and mortality can be used to advocate for and develop earlier and more appropriate responses. Additionally, this can provide an indication of future trends and the potential impact of interventions.Importantly, including spatial and temporal random effects biostatistical modelling can help reduce bias reporting and help understand better the patterns of morbidity and mortality. Campaigns providing food and/or vitamin or other supplements can contribute to reducing morbidity and ultimately deaths in Kenyan childrenandbuildingmorehealthfacilitiestoreducethedistanceoftraveltocareishighly recommendable. / GR2018

To a large degree, the political and economic conditions of third world countries influence poverty levels, especially in rural areas. This poverty affects the availability of basic services, such as potable water, refuse elimination, housing, and sewage systems. As a consequence of these deficiencies, more diseases are transmitted through the water and environment. These diseases include acute diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age. Consequently, it is important to have available water and sewage elimination to control these diseases among children and the general population.