No description available.

In this investigation the seric retinol levels were determined in order to relate them with consumed diets by preschool- and school-aged children and the prevalence of anemia in the communities of Cuambo and La Rinconada, Imbabura province, in order to later compare them with reference values. Blood samples were taken from 74 children from the two communities, 30 in La Rinconada and 44 in Cuambo, beneficiaries of the Benson Institute, to determine retinol, ferritin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Also, a 24-hour record with frequency of food consumption survey was given to the studied children's parents, making a sample of 56 families. Among the principal results we can determine that the inhabitants of the two communities have a low consumption of foods rich in Vitamin A compared to recommendations, despite having family gardens that include a large quantity of foods rich in this micronutrient.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Applied Science in Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, 2015. / Introduction: According to the American Dietetic Association, Child care facilities (CCFs) play an essential role in the nutritional status of children as children typically spend 4-8 hours a day at a facility. As a result, the meals should provide at least 50 – 60% of daily nutritional requirements. Worldwide CCF feeding has been found to be nutritionally inadequate as energy and most micronutrient requirements are not met by the meals provided, due to the lack of nutrition knowledge of the caregivers. Studies have shown that with appropriate training there has been improvement in nutritional standards. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional adequacy of menus offered; and to determine the nutritional status of children aged two to five years old in registered child care facilities in the Inanda area. Methodology: CCFs (n=10) in the Inanda area were randomly selected from multiple options to participate in the study. This study was conducted on children (boys (n= 91) and girls (n=109)) of ages two to five years old. Trained fieldworkers and teachers assisted in interviewing parents to complete the socio-demographic questionnaire. The researcher gathered menus and recipes for analysis, using Foodfinder Version 3 Software. The researcher also conducted plate-waste studies to determine consumption patterns during CCF meal times. Anthropometric measurements for weight and height were collected. In order to establish BMI-for-age and height-for-age, the WHO Anthro Software and WHO AnthroPlus Software were used. Ten food handlers (FHs) were interviewed by the researcher on food preparation and serving. Results: Most children (79.40%) originate from extended families that are female-headed. The highest form of education attained by most caregivers in the sample is standard 10 (47.74%) and 45.73% are unemployed. Of the 54.27% employed, 64.71% are informally employed. Most respondents (72.87%) are living on a total household income of less than R2500. The anthropometric results of the children show very low prevalence of severe stunting (1.74%) and stunting (5.42%). Less than halve (34.48%) of the children were at a possible risk of being overweight, 13.79% were overweight and 2.46% obese. The top 20 foods served in CCFs in Inanda were cereal-based staples of rice and maize meal more frequently than meat, dairy products and fruit and vegetables – all served far less frequently. All the CCFs did not meet the 60% of daily requirements for energy, fibre, calcium and vitamin C in foods served. The CCFs have well-equipped, designated kitchens for food storage, preparation, serving and good hygiene practices. Conclusion: Meals served to two to five year olds in registered CCFs in the Inanda area are nutritionally inadequate as most facilities do not contain 60% of the daily nutrient requirements from both daily meals served. Recommendations: CCF owners and Food handlers should receive proper training and retraining on food safety and hygiene and menu planning. The government should increase the subsidy to CCFs in order to meet the nutritional needs of children in order to aid in the alleviation of under-nutrition.

本研究探討深思的可能性模型（Elaboration Likelihood Model）在設計推廣使用營養標籤的廣告中的適用性。香港的一所中學的169位學生參與了一個2 x 2 x 3（健康意識：高vs. 低 x 論據：數據 vs. 經驗 x 代言人：專家vs. 名人 vs. 普通人）的實驗。 部分假設得到支持。 健康意識的主效果明顯。 具有較高健康意識的青少年更易被廣告說服。 健康意識和代言人具有交叉效應。對於健康意識較高的人來說，營養師更有說服力， 而對於健康意識較低的人來說，名人更有影響力。論據和代言人的搭配影響了資訊的處理路徑。如果以數據為主的論據是由普通人提供的，則更易推動青少年使用營養標籤。而如果以個人經驗為主的論據是由名人提供的，則更有效。統計結果將在深思的可能性模型下得以展開討論。 本文還會對開展針對青少年的公共健康傳播運動提出建議。 / This study tested the utility of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in creating effective Public Service Announcements (PSAs) of nutrition label use. Students (N=169) from a secondary school in Hong Kong participated in a 2x2x3 (Health consciousness: High vs. Low x Argument: Informational vs. Testimonial x Source: Expert vs. Celebrity vs. Ordinary Person) factorial design experiment. Hypotheses were partially supported. Main effect was located for health consciousness. Adolescents with high health consciousness were more persuaded by the PSAs. There was an interaction effect between health consciousness and source. A dietitian as the source was most persuasive to people with high health consciousness, while low health conscious people were most influenced by a celebrity. The information processing route was biased by the match of argument and source. Informative argument made by an ordinary person was more likely to motivate adolescents to use nutrition label, while testimonial argument made by a celebrity was the most effective. The findings are discussed in light of ELM and match-up hypotheses. Recommendations are also offered for public health communication campaigns. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Dong, Zhuowen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-84). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Content --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Publicity Campaign of Nutrition Labelling Scheme in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Adolescent and Nutrition Label (NL) --- p.3 / Significance of the Research --- p.4 / Organization of Thesis --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Adolescents and Preventive Health Behavior --- p.9 / Health Consciousness --- p.10 / Information Processing of Adolescents --- p.12 / Informative or Testimonial Argument --- p.13 / Expert vs. Celebrity vs. Ordinary person --- p.15 / Source credibility --- p.20 / Initial attitude --- p.24 / Self-efficacy --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Theoretical Framework --- p.28 / The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Research questions and Hypothesis --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Methodology --- p.39 / Subjects and Design --- p.40 / Procedure --- p.40 / Materials and Manipulations --- p.41 / Independent variables --- p.44 / Dependent variables --- p.46 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Results --- p.49 / Health Consciousness Assessment --- p.49 / General results --- p.49 / Covariate --- p.56 / Predictors of Behavioral Intention --- p.56 / Hypothesis Testing and Answers to Research Questions --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Implication --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 9: --- Limitation and Direction for Future research --- p.69 / References --- p.72 / Lists of Appendices / Chapter Appendix A --- :Experiment Questionnaire --- p.85 / Chapter Appendix B --- :Experiment Masterial--- PSA --- p.87 / Chapter Appendix C --- :Experiment Masterial--- PSA --- p.88 / Chapter Appendix D --- :Experiment Masterial--- PSA --- p.89 / Chapter Appendix E --- :Experiment Masterial--- PSA --- p.90 / Chapter Appendix F --- :Experiment Masterial--- PSA --- p.91 / Chapter Appendix G --- :A Proposed PSA of Nutrition Labels --- p.92

Lee, Hang Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Publication List --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Importance of Children´ةs Diet to Their Health --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Current Health and Dietary Situation in Hong Kong Children --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Dietary Patterns of Children Around the World --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Common Dietary Assessments in Children --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Food Records --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- 24-hour Dietary Recalls --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Reliability and Validity of Fast Assessment Tools --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6 --- Concerns of Validating Short Assessment Tools in Children --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Administration Process --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Questionnaire Design --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Cognitive Development of Children --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7 --- Introduction to the Two Minute Assessment (TMA) Questionnaire Used --- p.22 / Chapter 1.8 --- Study Objectives and Hypotheses --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter II: --- Methodology / Chapter 2.1 --- Sample Selection and Recruitment --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Data Collection --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Training --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Anthropometric Data --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- TMA Questionnaire and Administration --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- 24-hour Dietary Recall Interviewers --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Physical Activity (PA) Level --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Data Entry, Verification and Cleaning" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Data Analyses --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Anthropometric Data --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Dietary Study --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Reliability Study --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Validity Study --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- Ethics Approval --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter III: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects Recruited and Participation Rates --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Dietary Study --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Characteristics of Subjects --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Selected Nutrient Intakes and Recommendations --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- By Gender --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- By Weight Status --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Dietary Sources of Selected Nutrients --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Food Group Intakes and Recommendations --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- By Gender --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- By Weight Status --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- By Eating Occasions --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Food Group Composition --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Eating Behaviors --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Breakfast --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4.1.1 --- Breakfast Eating Behavior --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4.1.2 --- Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among the Daily vs Non-Daily Breakfast Eaters --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.4.1.3 --- Frequently Consumed Breakfast Foods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Snacking --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.4.2.1 --- Snacking Behavior --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Eating Out --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.1 --- Eating Out Behavior --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.2 --- Nutrient Density of Food Eaten at Home vs. Eaten Out (EO) --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.3 --- Percent of Food Group Intake of Eaten at Home vs Eaten Out --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- TMA Reliability Study --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Characteristics of Subjects --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Reponses and Reliability of TMA Questions --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of Scores --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4 --- Validity of TMA --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Anthropometric Characteristics of Subjects --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- TMA Responses --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Suggestions for Dietary Improvement --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Associations Between Nutrient Intakes and Individual Questions --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Nutrition Knowledge Question --- p.77 / Chapter 34.4.2 --- Dietary Behavior Questions --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4.4.3 --- Physical Activity Questions --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4.4.4 --- Household Economics Questions --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Correlation Between Nutrient and Food Group Intakes and Recommendations with Scores --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5.1 --- Behavioral Score --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5.2 --- Fat Score --- p.87 / Chapter 3.4.5.3 --- Fibre Score --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter IV: --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Summary of the Findings --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Student Dietary Study --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3 --- Study of Reliability and Validity of the TMA Questionnaire --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter V: --- Conclusions --- p.118 / Appendices --- p.120 / References --- p.158

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / Introduction: An observational study was undertaken to assess the level of compliance of school nutrition with standard hygiene requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999. Aim: To assess the level of compliance of Primary School Nutrition Programme with standard hygiene requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999 in Bushbuckridge area. Study: The study was conducted in primary schools located in Bushbuckridge sub-district with an estimated population of 611.048 and 212 primary schools. Method: Observational study was conducted in schools and information regarding food preparation area, food storage rooms, environmental hygiene, personal hygiene and food transportation was recorded. Sampling: A random sampling was conducted to select schools in each circuit. Thirty two percent was used to determine the sample size. Sixty eight primary schools of a population of 212 were select from the various circuits in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Data was gathered using observation method. An observation data gathering tool was developed to collect the data that was needed for the study. Results: The study revealed that 24.3% of the schools prepare their food in kitchens that meet the standards and the requirements prescribed by the health regulations. However, 75.7% of the schools prepare their food in structures that do not comply with the health regulations. The study on environmental hygiene revealed that 95.7% of the schools do not provide toiletries in their latrines most of which are not waterborne. The study further revealed that 87% of the schools do not provide soap for hand washing in their latrines. The study on personal hygiene revealed that 61.4% of the schools do not provide protective clothing to the food handlers who prepare food for learners. The study on food transportation revealed that 100% of the vehicles used to deliver food in schools do not comply with the standards and the hygiene requirements prescribed by the health regulations. Conclusion: It can thus be concluded that the level of compliance of the school nutrition programme to the standards and the requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999 is minimal. Measures of precautions to safeguard food contaminations that may result in outbreaks are not adequately followed. The level of environmental hygiene responsible for the spread of most of the diseases in children is poor. There is a high percentage of non-compliance to the standards and the requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: To assess the effects of initial nutritional status on the responses to a school feeding programme (SFP) among school children in the Millennium Villages Project (MVP), Siaya District, Kenya. Objectives: To establish baseline data on the dietary intake, prevalence of undernutrition, body composition, prevalence of anaemia, body iron stores and vitamin A status in order to assess the impact of the SFP over a 30-month period on the same outcomes. Further, the study assessed the effect of initial nutritional status on the responses to the SFP on growth, the prevalence of anaemia, body iron stores and vitamin A status. Methods: In the MVP, a school meal additional to the children’s usual daily food intake was provided consisting of locally available foods (containing whole fish omena and beef). The meals contributed approximately 25% of the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), 70% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for protein, and 18% of EAR for fat. A school meal, additional to the children’s usual daily food intake, was introduced to the control group 6 months into the study as a project scale up initiative. The meal provided 15% EER, 49 % EAR for protein and 10% EAR for fat. A total of 235 children participated in the study and were followed up for 30 months, with 118 in the MVP and 117 in the control group. Statistical analysis included descriptive, Pearson’s chi-square test, repeated measures ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The mean subject age was 7.9 years (2.0 SD) at baseline, and half (51.4%) were boys. More than half of the children (66%) had energy intakes less than the EER. At baseline, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 16.9%, 6.0% and 3.6% respectively. Prevalence of linear growth deficit based on height-for-age z-score ≤-1 standard deviation was 48%. Anaemia was higher in the MVP group (82.2%; P < 0.0001) compared to controls (58.1%) while depleted body iron stores was observed in 10.7% of the children. Half of the children in the control group and 30% in the MVP group had an inadequate vitamin A status while 11% of the children had infection/inflammation. At six months after initiation of the intervention, anaemia prevalence was reduced to 41.2% among the controls and 9.3% in the intervention group (P < 0.001). Among the MVP group, children with initial inadequate nutritional status based on weight-for-age z-score WAZ ≤ -1 SD had a higher (P < 0.01) height velocity (2.3 cm/six months) by the 24th month study interval compared to those who had an initial adequate nutritional status based on weight-for-age z-score WAZ > -1 SD. Conclusion: SPF menus were associated with potential for improved growth, gain in lean body mass and reduced anaemia prevalence when inadequate nutritional status was present at baseline. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Om die verband tussen skoolkinders se aanvanklike voedingstatus en die respons op ’n skoolvoedingsprogram (SVP) in die Millennium Villages Project (MVP), Siaya-distrik, Kenia, te bepaal. Doelwitte: Om basislyn data te versamel ten opsigte van dieetinname, prevalensie van ondervoeding, liggaamssamestelling, prevalensie van anemie, ysterstore en vitamine A status ten einde die impak van die SVP oor ‘n 30-maande periode op genoemde uitkomste te bepaal. Verder het die studie ook die effek van aanvanklike voedingstatus op die respons tot die SVP bepaal ten opsigte van groei, die prevalensie van anemie, ysterstore en vitamine A status. Metode: In die MVP is ‘n skoolmaaltyd addisioneel tot die kinders in beide studiegroepe se daaglikse voedselinname voorsien. Die SVP se spyskaarte het bestaan uit plaaslik beskikbare voedsel (bevattende die vissoort omena en beesvleis) en het ongeveer 25% van die kinders se geraamde energievereistes (EER), 70% van hul proteïenvereistes (EAR) en 18% van hul vetvereistes (EAR) voorsien. ‘n Skoolmaaltyd is addisioneel tot die kinders in die kontrolegroep se gewoontelike daaglikse voedselinname ingesluit 6 maande na aanvang van die studie as deel van die MVP se uitbreidingsinisiatief. Dié maaltyd het in 15% van die kinders se energievereistes (EER), 49% van hul proteïenvereistes (EAR) en 10% van hul vetvereistes (EAR) voorsien. Altesaam 235 kinders is by die studiegroep ingesluit – 118 in die MVP en 117 in kontrolegroepe – en is vir 30 maande bestudeer. Statistiese ontleding het beskrywende ontleding, Pearson se chi-kwadraattoets, ANOVA met herhaalde metings, en multivariansie logistiese regressiemodelle ingesluit. Resultate: Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders by basislyn was 7.9 jaar (2.0 SD) en die helfte (51.4%) van die respondente was seuns. Meer as die helfte van die kinders (66%) het ‘n energieinname minder as die EER getoon. By basislyn was die prevalensie van belemmerde groei, uittering en ondergewig onderskeidelik 16.9%, 6.0% en 3.6%. Die voorkoms van onvoldoende lengtegroei gebaseer op lengte-vir-ouderdom z-telling < -1SD was 48%. Anemie was hoër in die MVP groep (82.2%; p<0.0001) vergeleke met die kontroles (58.1%), terwyl 10.7% uitgeputte ysterstore getoon het. Onvoldoende vitamine A status het voorgekom in die helfte van die kinders in die kontrolegroep en 30% van die MVP groep, en infeksie / inflammasie was teenwoordig in 11% van die kinders. Die voorkoms van anemie op ses maande na aanvang van intervensie het verbeter tot 41.2% in die kontrolegroep en 9.3% in die intervensiegroep (P < 0.001). Op 24 maande het kinders met aanvanklike onvoldoende voedingstatus (WAZ < -1SD) in die MVP-groep groter lengtetoename (2.3 cm/6 maande) getoon as hul groepgenote met aanvanklike voldoende voedingstatus gebaseer op WAZ > -1 SD (P < 0.01). Gevolgtrekking: Die skoolvoedingsprogram spyskaarte het die potensiaal getoon tot ‘n verbetering in groei, toename in maer liggaamsmassa en ‘n verlaagde voorkoms van anemie onder kinders wie se basislynvoedingstatus onvoldoende was.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parent education on increasing parental awareness of vegetable servings needed by preschool children, lowering barriers to increase vegetable consumption in their children's diets, increasing confidence in their ability to increase vegetables in their children's meals, and promoting parent-child interaction to increase vegetable consumption by preschool children. The study was conducted with parents enrolled in the Kid-co Head Start program in Albany and Corvallis. The study protocol consisted of an experimental (n=10 parents) and control (n=4 parents) group. Parents in the experimental group attended a family night event about vegetables on February 13th of 2003. This event was followed by an in-school activity and a delivery of reinforcement material about vegetables, one week after family night event took place. Parents in the control group attended a family night event about healthy snacking on February 13th of 2003. Parents from both groups participated in a follow-up phone interview. A high proportion of participants (75%) of the control group were Hispanics. In the experimental group, 70% were whites and 30% were Hispanics. Levels of education of participants of both groups ranged from 6 years of school up to college degrees. Findings revealed vegetable availability in participants' homes. Fresh vegetable availability in control and experimental group combined ranged from 2 to 7 types of vegetables, before the intervention, and 2 to 5 types after the intervention. Seventy one percent of participants of combined experimental and control groups had frozen vegetables and 85.7% had canned vegetables (before and after the intervention). Daily vegetable consumption was reported by 64.3% of the parents from both experimental and control groups combined. A high proportion of parents (71.4%) from combined experimental and control groups reported that their children eat vegetables every day. Dinner, lunch and snacks are meals in which children eat most vegetables. No significant difference was found about parents' awareness of the daily recommended number of vegetable servings needed by young children between experimental and control group. Similarly, no significant difference was found in experimental group responses before and after the intervention. Findings before the intervention indicate that 50% of participants in the experimental group didn't know the recommendation needed by young children. After the intervention 10% of participants responded that they didn't know the recommendation. No significant difference was found about parents' confidence in their ability to increase vegetables in their children's diets between control and experimental groups responses (before and after the intervention). Similarly, no significant difference was found in experimental group responses before and after the intervention. However, high levels of confidence were reported in both groups. Before the intervention, 75% and 50% of parents in the control and experimental group respectively, reported they felt "very confident." After the intervention, 75% and 40% of parents in the control and experimental group respectively, reported they still felt "very confident." Before the intervention most participants in both groups reported they have barriers to increase the amount of vegetables in their children's diets at least sometimes. The barrier "My child doesn't like vegetables" was reported by 60% of parents in the experimental group and by 100% in the control group, at least sometimes. "Too much time to prepare vegetables" was reported by 25% and 10% of participants in the control and experimental group, respectively. Fifty percent of parents in the control group indicated they have lack of preparation skills, while only 10% of parents in the experimental group reported the same barrier. None of participants in the control group considered "cost of vegetables" a barrier. However, 50% in the experimental group reported the barrier "cost of vegetables." I can't get satisfactory vegetables" was reported by 25% and by 40% of participants in the control and experimental group, respectively. After the intervention, 25% and 30% of parents in the control and experimental group reported that "Nothing" is consider a barrier. However, "My child doesn't like vegetables" was a barrier for 50% of parents in the control group and 10% in the experimental group. Not enough time and energy to cook were barriers reported by 30% and 20% of participants in the experimental group only. Lack of preparation skills was reported by 25% of participants in the control group and by 10% in the experimental group. Only 20% of parents in the experimental group tried the vegetable recipes provided in the handouts. However, 90% of parents in the experimental group reported they tried to give more vegetables to their child since the family event. Ninety percent of parents reported preparing vegetables with their children. Letting their children choose a vegetable in the store was another parent-child interaction activity practiced by 60% of parents from the experimental group. All parents from the experimental group agreed that our educational material helped them to interact with their children. Ninety percent of parents agreed it helped to save money and 70% agreed it helped to prepare more vegetables for their child. Forty percent of parents reported that their child ate more vegetables after the family event. / Graduation date: 2004

No description available.

This study investigated whether a salicylate-restricted diet (eliminating foods containing artificial additives and natural salicylates) could effectively reduce hyperactivity in children more so than a diet not restricting salicylates (ostensibly restricting foods containing refined sugar). Ten hyperactive children, nine boys and one girl, were matched on their pre-treatment activity rates and assigned to either a salicylate-restricted diet (Group I) or a diet not restricting salicylates (Group II). After approximately nine weeks, post-treatment activity rates were obtained, and a significant difference in favor of the salicylate-restricted diet group was found with this diet group exhibiting a significantly lower mean post-treatment activity rate in comparison to the group placed on a diet not restricting salicylates (p<.05). Implications for diagnosis and treatment of hyperactivity in children were discussed.