Several empirical studies have suggested that self-monitoring is an effective strategy to increase appropriate behavior in children and adults with developmental disabilities. Results of a comprehensive review of self-monitoring research with people who have developmental disabilities revealed that 71% of the participants were trained by researchers. However, researchers are not typical intervention agents. To ensure that people who are typically in the participant’s environment (e.g., teachers, parents, caregivers) can effectively teach people with developmental disabilities to self-monitor and that this in turn will change the participant’s behavior, it is important that research examine the effectiveness of self-monitoring when the training is provided by typical intervention agents. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation study was to investigate the effects of a self-monitoring intervention package on both teacher and student behavior in the classroom. The self-monitoring intervention package consisted of training teachers to use self-monitoring, providing feedback on the self-monitoring intervention developed by the teacher, providing feedback to teachers while training the student to self-monitor, and providing feedback to teachers while they implemented the self-monitoring intervention in the classroom. During intervention, the researchers provided feedback to teachers to ensure that teachers were correctly instructing the students to self-monitor. Teachers then implemented the self-monitoring intervention without researcher feedback (maintenance). Teachers required very little to no feedback after the self-monitoring training, feedback on the self-monitoring intervention they developed, and student self-monitoring training. The researcher provided immediate feedback during the first session when the self-monitoring intervention was implemented in the classroom to ensure the teachers implemented the self-monitoring intervention with fidelity. Rate of inappropriate sitting decreased for all students after the self-monitoring intervention was introduced, and the percentage of non-overlapping data metric values indicated that the self-monitoring interventions were highly effective for three participants and effective for one participant. Some teachers and some students generalized the use of self-monitoring interventions to other activities, students, and target behaviors. Social validity measures indicate that self-monitoring interventions for young children with developmental disabilities are socially important. / text

A remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) em lesões profundas de cárie em dentes decíduos tem demonstrado excelentes resultados clínicos, radiográficos e microbiológicos. No entanto, o desempenho das restaurações com resina composta em dentes que tiveram esse tratamento ainda merece esclarecimentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a taxa de manutenção de restaurações sobre tecido cariado através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura e de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado. Métodos: Cinquenta e uma crianças de 3 a 8 anos de idade (28 meninos e 23 meninas) portadoras de ao menos um molar com lesão profunda de cárie foram incluídas no estudo. Os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo controle: Remoção total de tecido cariado (RTTC) e teste: Remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC). Nos casos em que ocorreu exposição pulpar foi realizada pulpotomia. Três Odontopediatras realizaram os procedimentos que foram acompanhados em 3, 6,12, 18 e 24 meses. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados sob anestesia local e isolamento absoluto. No início e no final do procedimento as crianças reportaram sua ansiedade através de duas escalas: Venham Picture Test (VPT) e Facial Image Scale (FIS). O comportamento da criança durante o atendimento foi avaliado através da escala de Sarnat. Em todos os momentos experimentais foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos dos tratamentos e as restaurações foram analisadas por um examinador cego e calibrado através do USPHS modificado.Para determinar as taxas de sucesso clínico e radiográfico e das restaurações de resina composta foram geradas curvas de sobrevida com o estimador Kaplan-Meyer. A distribuição dos indivíduos cooperativos e não cooperativos de acordo com diferentes variáveis independentes, assim como as comparações das escalas FIS e VENHAM entre os três tratamentos, foram avaliadas utilizando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Quarenta e oito crianças e 120 dentes foram incluídos na análise. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, apenas o tempo de atendimento afetou significativamente o comportamento das crianças (p=0,018). No grupo RTTC ocorreram 15 casos de exposição pulpar (27,5%), enquanto que no grupo RPTC apenas 1 caso (2%). As taxas de sucesso clínicoradiográfico após RPTC e RTTC foram 92% e 98%, respectivamente (p=0,14). Foi observada uma tendência a menor taxa de sucesso clínicoradiográfico em cavidades oclusoproximais (92%) em comparação com cavidades oclusais (100%), porém não estatisticamente significante (p=0,08). Não houve diferença significativa entre os operadores. A taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi de 66%, 85% e 92%, para os grupos RPTC, RTTC e pulpotomia, respectivamente, após 24 meses, (p=0,09). Quando a taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi avaliada de acordo com o tratamento e o tipo de cavidade, foi observada taxa de sobrevida significativamente menor (p=0,007) para restaurações do tipo oclusoproximais após RPTC (52%).Por outro lado, os maiores percentuais 10 de sobrevida das restaurações foram observados em cavidades oclusais após RPTC (95%). A revisão de literatura demonstrou que o sucesso das restaurações aumenta quanto menor o número de superfícies envolvidas, assim, cavidades classe I apresentaram em torno de 90% de sucesso e diminui para 50% quando mais de uma superfície foi restaurada. Conclusões: As restaurações de resina composta sobre tecido cariado necessitam de proservação em curtos períodos de tempo para manutenção e reparo. / Partial caries removal in deep carious lesions of primary teeth has been demonstrated excellent clinical, radiographs and microbiological results. However, the clinical performance of composite resin restorations placed over the demineralized dentin need more information. The objective of this work was to investigate the restoration performance over carious tissue trough a literature systematic review and a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: Fifty-one children aged from 3 to 8 years old (28 boys and 23 girls) with, at least, one molar with deep carious lesion were included in this clinical trial. The teeth were randomly divided according to the following treatments: Control group - total caries removal (TCR); and Test - partial caries removal (PCR). In case of pulp exposure during dentinal excavation, pulpotomy was performed. Three Pediatric Dentist made the procedures that were followed-up by 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation. At the beginning and right after the procedure the children reported their anxiety through two scales: Venham Picture Test (VPT) and Facial Image Scale (FIS). The children behavior during the attendance was valued through Sarnat scale. During the time course follow-up clinical and radiographic aspects of the treatments were evaluated and the restorations analyzed by a calibrated and blinded examiner through modified USPHS. To determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of composite restorations the groups were statistically analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival followed by Log Rank. The distribution of cooperatives and non-cooperatives subjects in accordance with different independent variables as well as FIS and VENHAM comparisons between the tree treatments were availed using Qui-square test. Results: The final sample was comprised by forty-eight children and 120 teeth. Among all the analyzed variables, only the time spent for the procedure significantly affected the children behavior (p=0.018) The total caries removal procedure produced 15 pulp exposures (27.5%), while the same event occurred only in one case for the PCR group (2%). The clinical- radiographic success rate after PCR and TCR were 92% and 98%, respectively (p=0.14). It was observed a tendency to lower clinical-radiographic success rate in oclusoproximal cavities (92%) in comparison with oclusal (100%) but without statistic significance (p=0.08). The restorations survival rate was 66%, 85% and 92% to PCR, TCR and pulpotomy groups, respectively after 24 months follow-up (p=0.09). When the restorations survival rate was evaluated in accordance with type of treatment and the type of cavity was observed a significant lower survival rate (p=0.007) to oclusoproximal restoration after PCR (52%). On the other hand, the highest restorations survival was observed in oclusal cavities with partial caries removal (95%). The literature review shows that success rate increases with the decrease of involved surface at the restoration, thus class I restorations presented around 90% of success and it decreases below to 50% if more than one surface are restored. Conclusions: The composite resin restorations placed over caries tissue need shorter follow-up time to evaluate the necessity of being repaired or replaced.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-234). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Neil Abell, Florida State University, School of Social Work. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 2, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Under federal law, students with disabilities have the right to be educated in classrooms with students without disabilities. For students with autism, social, communication, and behavioral deficits make inclusion difficult. The severity of deficits change over time, and therefore, so too do the effects of these deficits upon inclusion. Although most research indicates autism symptoms improve with age, some studies suggest symptoms worsen, thereby affecting classroom placement. Students with autism use a multitude of interventions, most of which are not evidenced-based. Behavioral interventions are among the small number of treatments that can decrease autism severity and foster inclusion. However, behavioral interventions have not been compared to other widely used treatments, and in practice, they are rarely used in isolation. The purpose of the present study was threefold. First, relations between age, and autism severity were examined. Second, the study investigated whether relations between autism severity and time spent in regular education classrooms differed according to age. Third, it investigated types of treatments students used, and whether using behavioral treatments moderated relations between age, autism severity and amount of time in regular education classrooms. Using a national database (Interactive Autism Network), data about the severity of social, communication and behavior deficits, treatment type, and amount of time spent in regular education classrooms were extracted from school-age students (n = 2646) with autism. The results of the study showed that as age increased, social deficits increased. Furthermore, younger students, and students with more severe social impairment spent less time in regular education classrooms. Age also predicted use of behavioral treatment, and students who used behavioral treatment spent more time in special education classrooms. The findings of this study reflect the current climate of autism knowledge, which emphasizes early, intensive intervention. Consequently, students who were younger, and used behavioral treatments, were likely to be in special education classrooms that could maximize individualization, and associated treatment benefits. This is important, as social deficits increase with age, and reduce the amount of time students spend in inclusive classrooms. Additional studies are needed to further understand how behavioral treatment, compared to or used in conjunction with other commonly used treatments, affects inclusion. / Department of Educational Psychology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Janet Kistner, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 21, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 143 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

In this qualitative research study the focus is on the use of sensory integration strategies with children who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Three respondents specialising in sensory integration in the Durbanville area were involved. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the respondents in order to gain knowledge on the use of sensory integration strategies with children who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by a professional other than an occupational therapist. After permission had been obtained, the interviews were captured on video tape and transcribed for use in the empirical study. Seven themes were identified from the interviews and a literature control was done with each of the themes. The researcher did not attempt to generalise the results of the research, but tried to reflect on the information that the respondents provided. The researcher summarised the findings of the empirical study and made recommendations. / Social Work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

A remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) em lesões profundas de cárie em dentes decíduos tem demonstrado excelentes resultados clínicos, radiográficos e microbiológicos. No entanto, o desempenho das restaurações com resina composta em dentes que tiveram esse tratamento ainda merece esclarecimentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a taxa de manutenção de restaurações sobre tecido cariado através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura e de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado. Métodos: Cinquenta e uma crianças de 3 a 8 anos de idade (28 meninos e 23 meninas) portadoras de ao menos um molar com lesão profunda de cárie foram incluídas no estudo. Os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo controle: Remoção total de tecido cariado (RTTC) e teste: Remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC). Nos casos em que ocorreu exposição pulpar foi realizada pulpotomia. Três Odontopediatras realizaram os procedimentos que foram acompanhados em 3, 6,12, 18 e 24 meses. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados sob anestesia local e isolamento absoluto. No início e no final do procedimento as crianças reportaram sua ansiedade através de duas escalas: Venham Picture Test (VPT) e Facial Image Scale (FIS). O comportamento da criança durante o atendimento foi avaliado através da escala de Sarnat. Em todos os momentos experimentais foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos dos tratamentos e as restaurações foram analisadas por um examinador cego e calibrado através do USPHS modificado.Para determinar as taxas de sucesso clínico e radiográfico e das restaurações de resina composta foram geradas curvas de sobrevida com o estimador Kaplan-Meyer. A distribuição dos indivíduos cooperativos e não cooperativos de acordo com diferentes variáveis independentes, assim como as comparações das escalas FIS e VENHAM entre os três tratamentos, foram avaliadas utilizando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Quarenta e oito crianças e 120 dentes foram incluídos na análise. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, apenas o tempo de atendimento afetou significativamente o comportamento das crianças (p=0,018). No grupo RTTC ocorreram 15 casos de exposição pulpar (27,5%), enquanto que no grupo RPTC apenas 1 caso (2%). As taxas de sucesso clínicoradiográfico após RPTC e RTTC foram 92% e 98%, respectivamente (p=0,14). Foi observada uma tendência a menor taxa de sucesso clínicoradiográfico em cavidades oclusoproximais (92%) em comparação com cavidades oclusais (100%), porém não estatisticamente significante (p=0,08). Não houve diferença significativa entre os operadores. A taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi de 66%, 85% e 92%, para os grupos RPTC, RTTC e pulpotomia, respectivamente, após 24 meses, (p=0,09). Quando a taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi avaliada de acordo com o tratamento e o tipo de cavidade, foi observada taxa de sobrevida significativamente menor (p=0,007) para restaurações do tipo oclusoproximais após RPTC (52%).Por outro lado, os maiores percentuais 10 de sobrevida das restaurações foram observados em cavidades oclusais após RPTC (95%). A revisão de literatura demonstrou que o sucesso das restaurações aumenta quanto menor o número de superfícies envolvidas, assim, cavidades classe I apresentaram em torno de 90% de sucesso e diminui para 50% quando mais de uma superfície foi restaurada. Conclusões: As restaurações de resina composta sobre tecido cariado necessitam de proservação em curtos períodos de tempo para manutenção e reparo. / Partial caries removal in deep carious lesions of primary teeth has been demonstrated excellent clinical, radiographs and microbiological results. However, the clinical performance of composite resin restorations placed over the demineralized dentin need more information. The objective of this work was to investigate the restoration performance over carious tissue trough a literature systematic review and a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: Fifty-one children aged from 3 to 8 years old (28 boys and 23 girls) with, at least, one molar with deep carious lesion were included in this clinical trial. The teeth were randomly divided according to the following treatments: Control group - total caries removal (TCR); and Test - partial caries removal (PCR). In case of pulp exposure during dentinal excavation, pulpotomy was performed. Three Pediatric Dentist made the procedures that were followed-up by 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation. At the beginning and right after the procedure the children reported their anxiety through two scales: Venham Picture Test (VPT) and Facial Image Scale (FIS). The children behavior during the attendance was valued through Sarnat scale. During the time course follow-up clinical and radiographic aspects of the treatments were evaluated and the restorations analyzed by a calibrated and blinded examiner through modified USPHS. To determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of composite restorations the groups were statistically analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival followed by Log Rank. The distribution of cooperatives and non-cooperatives subjects in accordance with different independent variables as well as FIS and VENHAM comparisons between the tree treatments were availed using Qui-square test. Results: The final sample was comprised by forty-eight children and 120 teeth. Among all the analyzed variables, only the time spent for the procedure significantly affected the children behavior (p=0.018) The total caries removal procedure produced 15 pulp exposures (27.5%), while the same event occurred only in one case for the PCR group (2%). The clinical- radiographic success rate after PCR and TCR were 92% and 98%, respectively (p=0.14). It was observed a tendency to lower clinical-radiographic success rate in oclusoproximal cavities (92%) in comparison with oclusal (100%) but without statistic significance (p=0.08). The restorations survival rate was 66%, 85% and 92% to PCR, TCR and pulpotomy groups, respectively after 24 months follow-up (p=0.09). When the restorations survival rate was evaluated in accordance with type of treatment and the type of cavity was observed a significant lower survival rate (p=0.007) to oclusoproximal restoration after PCR (52%). On the other hand, the highest restorations survival was observed in oclusal cavities with partial caries removal (95%). The literature review shows that success rate increases with the decrease of involved surface at the restoration, thus class I restorations presented around 90% of success and it decreases below to 50% if more than one surface are restored. Conclusions: The composite resin restorations placed over caries tissue need shorter follow-up time to evaluate the necessity of being repaired or replaced.

A remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) em lesões profundas de cárie em dentes decíduos tem demonstrado excelentes resultados clínicos, radiográficos e microbiológicos. No entanto, o desempenho das restaurações com resina composta em dentes que tiveram esse tratamento ainda merece esclarecimentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a taxa de manutenção de restaurações sobre tecido cariado através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura e de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado. Métodos: Cinquenta e uma crianças de 3 a 8 anos de idade (28 meninos e 23 meninas) portadoras de ao menos um molar com lesão profunda de cárie foram incluídas no estudo. Os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo controle: Remoção total de tecido cariado (RTTC) e teste: Remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC). Nos casos em que ocorreu exposição pulpar foi realizada pulpotomia. Três Odontopediatras realizaram os procedimentos que foram acompanhados em 3, 6,12, 18 e 24 meses. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados sob anestesia local e isolamento absoluto. No início e no final do procedimento as crianças reportaram sua ansiedade através de duas escalas: Venham Picture Test (VPT) e Facial Image Scale (FIS). O comportamento da criança durante o atendimento foi avaliado através da escala de Sarnat. Em todos os momentos experimentais foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos dos tratamentos e as restaurações foram analisadas por um examinador cego e calibrado através do USPHS modificado.Para determinar as taxas de sucesso clínico e radiográfico e das restaurações de resina composta foram geradas curvas de sobrevida com o estimador Kaplan-Meyer. A distribuição dos indivíduos cooperativos e não cooperativos de acordo com diferentes variáveis independentes, assim como as comparações das escalas FIS e VENHAM entre os três tratamentos, foram avaliadas utilizando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Quarenta e oito crianças e 120 dentes foram incluídos na análise. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, apenas o tempo de atendimento afetou significativamente o comportamento das crianças (p=0,018). No grupo RTTC ocorreram 15 casos de exposição pulpar (27,5%), enquanto que no grupo RPTC apenas 1 caso (2%). As taxas de sucesso clínicoradiográfico após RPTC e RTTC foram 92% e 98%, respectivamente (p=0,14). Foi observada uma tendência a menor taxa de sucesso clínicoradiográfico em cavidades oclusoproximais (92%) em comparação com cavidades oclusais (100%), porém não estatisticamente significante (p=0,08). Não houve diferença significativa entre os operadores. A taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi de 66%, 85% e 92%, para os grupos RPTC, RTTC e pulpotomia, respectivamente, após 24 meses, (p=0,09). Quando a taxa de sobrevida das restaurações foi avaliada de acordo com o tratamento e o tipo de cavidade, foi observada taxa de sobrevida significativamente menor (p=0,007) para restaurações do tipo oclusoproximais após RPTC (52%).Por outro lado, os maiores percentuais 10 de sobrevida das restaurações foram observados em cavidades oclusais após RPTC (95%). A revisão de literatura demonstrou que o sucesso das restaurações aumenta quanto menor o número de superfícies envolvidas, assim, cavidades classe I apresentaram em torno de 90% de sucesso e diminui para 50% quando mais de uma superfície foi restaurada. Conclusões: As restaurações de resina composta sobre tecido cariado necessitam de proservação em curtos períodos de tempo para manutenção e reparo. / Partial caries removal in deep carious lesions of primary teeth has been demonstrated excellent clinical, radiographs and microbiological results. However, the clinical performance of composite resin restorations placed over the demineralized dentin need more information. The objective of this work was to investigate the restoration performance over carious tissue trough a literature systematic review and a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: Fifty-one children aged from 3 to 8 years old (28 boys and 23 girls) with, at least, one molar with deep carious lesion were included in this clinical trial. The teeth were randomly divided according to the following treatments: Control group - total caries removal (TCR); and Test - partial caries removal (PCR). In case of pulp exposure during dentinal excavation, pulpotomy was performed. Three Pediatric Dentist made the procedures that were followed-up by 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation. At the beginning and right after the procedure the children reported their anxiety through two scales: Venham Picture Test (VPT) and Facial Image Scale (FIS). The children behavior during the attendance was valued through Sarnat scale. During the time course follow-up clinical and radiographic aspects of the treatments were evaluated and the restorations analyzed by a calibrated and blinded examiner through modified USPHS. To determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of composite restorations the groups were statistically analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival followed by Log Rank. The distribution of cooperatives and non-cooperatives subjects in accordance with different independent variables as well as FIS and VENHAM comparisons between the tree treatments were availed using Qui-square test. Results: The final sample was comprised by forty-eight children and 120 teeth. Among all the analyzed variables, only the time spent for the procedure significantly affected the children behavior (p=0.018) The total caries removal procedure produced 15 pulp exposures (27.5%), while the same event occurred only in one case for the PCR group (2%). The clinical- radiographic success rate after PCR and TCR were 92% and 98%, respectively (p=0.14). It was observed a tendency to lower clinical-radiographic success rate in oclusoproximal cavities (92%) in comparison with oclusal (100%) but without statistic significance (p=0.08). The restorations survival rate was 66%, 85% and 92% to PCR, TCR and pulpotomy groups, respectively after 24 months follow-up (p=0.09). When the restorations survival rate was evaluated in accordance with type of treatment and the type of cavity was observed a significant lower survival rate (p=0.007) to oclusoproximal restoration after PCR (52%). On the other hand, the highest restorations survival was observed in oclusal cavities with partial caries removal (95%). The literature review shows that success rate increases with the decrease of involved surface at the restoration, thus class I restorations presented around 90% of success and it decreases below to 50% if more than one surface are restored. Conclusions: The composite resin restorations placed over caries tissue need shorter follow-up time to evaluate the necessity of being repaired or replaced.