published_or_final_version / Architecture / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

by Lau Pui-yin & Lee Hon-cheung. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92). / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Retailing Trend in China --- p.1 / Research Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.5 / Primary Research --- p.5 / Secondary Research --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8 / Chapter IV. --- ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS --- p.13 / Political Environment --- p.13 / Historical Environment --- p.14 / Geographical Environment --- p.16 / Socio- cultural Environment --- p.17 / Regulatory Environment --- p.18 / Regulations for FIDSs --- p.18 / Tax regime for the FIDSs --- p.20 / Co-operative Joint Ventures Approved by the Municipal Government --- p.23 / Demographic Environment --- p.25 / Population --- p.25 / Working Population --- p.32 / Illiteracy Rate --- p.33 / Economic Environment --- p.34 / Economic Performance --- p.34 / Income Level and Living Standard --- p.36 / Market Potential --- p.39 / Infrastructural Environment --- p.45 / A Concluding Comment --- p.48 / Chapter V. --- INDUSTRY ANALYSIS --- p.49 / Supplier --- p.49 / Buyer --- p.55 / Substitute --- p.62 / New Entrants --- p.66 / Intensity of Rivalry among Existing Competitors --- p.70 / Chapter VI. --- INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS AND FUTURE TRENDS --- p.79 / Chapter VII. --- RESEARCH LIMITATIONS --- p.85 / Chapter VIII. --- FUTURE RESEARCH AREAS --- p.87 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.88

青少年網絡成癮已成為一個值得關註的問題。以往研究顯示，青少年網絡成癮的比例在4%到14%之間。網絡成癮的主要癥狀包括：過度使用，退縮反應，耐受性和強迫性。網絡成癮對青少年的健康，學業和人際關系都有負面影響。 / 以往對網絡成癮的研究已經發現了一些危險因素。但是以往研究存在兩方面不足。第一，多為簡單迴歸模型，較少中介模型， 較少探討危險因素之間可能的互動關係。第二，危險因素多為個人因素或網絡使用因素， 較少關注個人與環境的互動是如何提高網絡成癮風險。 / 為了彌補以上知識鴻溝，本研究提出了一個新的解釋網絡成癮的理論模型。這個模型中既包括個人因素又包括環境因素。這個理論模型的核心假設是當青少年認為網絡是滿足需要或者處理壓力的唯一途徑時，他們有可能會花費大量時間上網，也因此引發了較高的網絡成癮的風險。本研究進一步假設社交焦慮和缺乏親密朋友是導致青少年在現實生活中無法滿足人際交往需要的原因。本研究還假設壓力和迴避式應對壓力傾向是青少年不能在現實生活中處理壓力而將網絡視作應對壓力唯一途徑的原因。 / 本研究在中國上海進行。本研究是斷代式問卷研究。前測研究測量了量表的信效度，并根據結果對相關量表做進一步修正。正式研究通過非隨機抽樣方式邀請了892位年齡在12到18歲之間的中學生參加。結果顯示，52位（5.83%）參加者可被看作網絡成癮高危人群。高危人群更長時間上網，也具有更高的社交焦慮，更大的壓力和更強的迴避式應對壓力傾向。此外，中介模型的統計分析結果顯示，個人期待網絡使用是滿足需要和處理壓力的唯一途徑這一中介變量，解釋了部分社交焦慮，壓力和退縮型處理壓力傾向與網絡成癮症狀之間的關聯，該結果對本研究所假設的理論模型提供了初步的支持。 / 文末討論了本研究的限制和進一步研究的方向，并根據研究結果提出了對社會工作實務（包括預防及干預青少年網絡成癮）的建議。 / Adolescents have been found to be a vulnerable group for Internet addiction. The reportedly prevalence of "Internet addicts" ranged from 4% to 14%. The major symptoms of Internet addiction are: excessive use, withdrawal, tolerance, and compulsive use. Negative consequences of Internet addiction include physical complaints, worsening performance in work or study, and relationship problems. / Despite a number of risk factors identified, prior studies were limited in two aspects. First, previous studies assumed that risk factors operate in an additive manner with increasing numbers of risk factors leading to an increasing probability of becoming internet addicted. Not enough attention has been paid to relationships among the risk factors. Second, most risk factors were either personal attributes or internet use behaviors. This might lead to the biased assertion that either the person or the internet should be blamed for becoming addicted. / This research tried to extend previous research by proposing and testing a theoretical model which argued that the some adolescents became attached to the internet as it provided an alternative way of needs satisfaction or stress coping; the needs satisfaction or stress coping was not possible in realistic life due to some personal or contextual risk factors. The theoretical model was constructed based on outcome expectancy theory (Bandura, 1977; Jones, Corbin & Fromme, 2001; Oei & Baldwin, 1994), substitute gratification theory (Peele, 1998), and stress coping theory (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Abrams & Niaura, 1987) as well as some findings of previous research. / A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shanghai, China. A non-random sample 892 adolescents (aged 12 to 18) from six secondary schools were recruited. 52(5.83%) participants were included in the high-risk group of internet addiction. Risk factors for internet addition were: male, senior secondary school students, social anxiety, stress, avoidance coping style, desirable outcome expectancy of substitute gratification (need to belong), desirable outcome expectancy of stress coping, frequency of online gaming, frequency of idling online and time spent online during weekdays. Moreover, social anxiety, stress, and avoidance coping style had both direct and indirect effects on severity of internet addiction symptoms via the mediators of desirable outcome expectancy of substitute gratification (need to belong) and desirable outcome expectancy of stress coping; the results provided preliminary support to the theoretical model proposed in this study. / Both conceptual and methodological limitations and their implications for further research were discussed. Prevention and intervention programs were proposed according to results of this study. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Gu, Minmin. / "November 2012." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-207). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract and appendixes also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Table of Contents --- p.iii / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.viii / CHAPTER ONE --- p.1 / THE RESEARCH PROBLEM --- p.1 / BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY --- p.1 / Internet Addiction as an Emerging Problem --- p.1 / Knowledge Gaps in Previous Research on Internet Addiction --- p.3 / Intervention for Internet Addiction --- p.4 / RESEARCH OBJECTIVES --- p.6 / ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS --- p.7 / CHAPTER TWO --- p.8 / LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8 / DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.9 / Definition and Measurements of Internet Addiction in Previous Studies --- p.9 / The Evolved Definition of Addiction --- p.15 / Categorical Approach to Diagnosis for Addiction --- p.18 / Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis for Addiction --- p.21 / EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.23 / Risk Factors Identified in Mainland China --- p.23 / Risk Factors Identified in other Eastern Societies and Western Societies --- p.25 / THEORIES OF ADDICTION --- p.34 / The Relationship between Repetitive Internet Use and Internet Addiction --- p.34 / Psychosocial Theories Explaining Repetitive Internet Use --- p.39 / CHAPTER THREE --- p.55 / CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.55 / THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.55 / RESEARCH HYPOTHESES --- p.63 / CHAPTER FOUR --- p.68 / RESEARCH METHOD --- p.68 / RESEARCH SITE --- p.68 / Social and Economical Condition of Shanghai --- p.69 / Schooling and Extra-curricular Activities in Shanghai --- p.70 / Internet Use and Internet Addiction among Adolescents in Shanghai --- p.71 / RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.72 / PILOT STUDY --- p.72 / Samples --- p.72 / Data Collection --- p.73 / Data Analysis --- p.81 / MAIN STUDY --- p.82 / Samples --- p.82 / Data Collection --- p.86 / Data Analysis --- p.86 / ETHIC CONSIDERATIONS --- p.89 / CHAPTER FIVE --- p.90 / PILOT STUDY --- p.90 / CHINESE INTERNET ADDICTION SCALE (CIAS) --- p.92 / SELF-DEVELOPED MEASURE OF DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY --- p.102 / SOCIAL ANXIETY SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS (SAS-A) --- p.104 / FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY (ADAPTED FROM THE NETWORK OF RELATIONSHIP INVENTORY) --- p.107 / SELF-DEVELOPED MEASURE OF STRESS FOR ADOLESCENTS --- p.108 / AVOIDANCE COPING STYLE (ADAPTED FROM COPE INVENTORY) --- p.112 / CHAPTER SIX --- p.115 / MAIN STUDY --- p.115 / PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSES --- p.115 / DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS --- p.119 / Severity of Internet Addiction Symptoms --- p.119 / Time Spent Online during Holidays, Weekends, and Weekdays --- p.120 / Zero Hour User in the Three Time Phases --- p.121 / Time Spent on Various Online Activities --- p.123 / Risk Factors --- p.124 / COMPARISON OF HIGH-RISK GROUP AND NON-HIGH-RISK GROUP --- p.126 / High-Risk Group --- p.126 / Group Differences in Time Spent Online during Holidays, Weekends and Weekdays --- p.126 / Group Differences in Time Spent on Various Online Activities --- p.127 / Group Differences in Risk Factors --- p.129 / PREDICTORS FOR SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.132 / Correlation of Dependent and Independent Variables --- p.132 / Hierarchical Regression Predicting Severity of Internet Addiction Symptoms via Demographic Variables, Personal or Environmental Inadequacies, Desirable Outcome Expectancy, Preference for Online Activities and Time Spent Online --- p.136 / Mediation Effects of Desirable Outcome Expectancies --- p.140 / CHAPTER SEVEN --- p.155 / DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS --- p.155 / ZERO-HOUR USER IN THREE DIFFERENT TIME PHASES --- p.155 / HIGH RISK GROUP OF INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.156 / GENDER DIFFERENCE IN RATE OF INTERNET ADDICTION AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.158 / GRADE DIFFERENCE IN SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.159 / PREFERENCE FOR ONLINE ACTIVITIES AND HIGH-RISK GROUP OF INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.160 / DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF SUBSTITUTE GRATIFICATION (NEED TO BELONG) --- p.162 / SOCIAL ANXIETY, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF SUBSTITUTE GRATIFICATION (NEED TO BELONG) AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.162 / FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY, SOCIAL ANXIETY, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF SUBSTITUTE GRATIFICATION (NEED TO BELONG) AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.165 / STRESS, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF STRESS COPING AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.167 / AVOIDANCE COPING STYLE, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF STRESS COPING AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.168 / CHAPTER EIGHT --- p.170 / LIMITATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.170 / SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS --- p.170 / LIMITATIONS OF THE THEORETICAL MODEL AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.173 / Unexplored Other Types of Desirable Outcome Expectancies --- p.173 / Unexplored Other Psychosocial Risk Factors --- p.174 / Reciprocal Relationship between Risk Factors and Severity of Internet Addiction Symptoms --- p.174 / A New Population of Interest: College Students --- p.175 / METHODLOGICAL LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.176 / The Limitations of Cross-sectional Design and Recommendation for Longitudinal Research --- p.176 / The Limitations of Non-random Sampling and Recommendations for Random Sampling --- p.177 / The limitations of Self-report Data and Recommendations for Data Collection from Multiple Sources --- p.177 / The Limitations of Quantitative Research and Recommendations for Qualitative Research --- p.178 / THEORTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS --- p.179 / Replicating and Extending Previous Empirical Research on Internet Addiction --- p.180 / Applying Outcome Expectancy Theory to Internet Addiction Research --- p.180 / Applying of Stress Coping Theory to Internet Addiction Research --- p.181 / Applying Substitute Gratification Theory to Internet Addiction Research --- p.182 / PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS --- p.183 / Intervention Programs --- p.183 / Prevention Programs --- p.189 / References --- p.191 / Chapter Appendix I --- Questionnaire for Pilot Study --- p.208 / Chapter Appendix II --- Questionnaire for Pilot Study --- p.228

Mo Yajun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-130). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Part I: --- "Remapping Shanghai, Remapping Hongkou" --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter I. --- Reconfiguration of the urban space in modern Shanghai --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1 --- “Tri-cities´ة´ة in Shanghai: urban space in transformation --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- "A divided city, a hybrid society" --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter II. --- How special was Hongkou district in Shanghai? --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Where was ""Hongkou""?" --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- "American Settlement: “the Cinderella among the settlements""" --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- From waterways to waterfronts --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Bridges and roads --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- New frontiers for new comers --- p.19 / Chapter Part II: --- Structuring of the Japanese Community in Hongkou District --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter III. --- The latecomers to Shanghai --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Why not an exclusive Japanese Concession? --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Population growth after 1895 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Choose Shanghai, choose Hongkou" --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- """Why go to Shanghai?""" --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- """Why choose Hongkou?""" --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- The administration structure and the power system --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1 --- Japanese Consulate in Shanghai --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- JRA': a 'self-governing' body run by the elites --- p.42 / Chapter 4.3 --- Public services and communal duties --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The JRA-run schools and their school system in Shanghai --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Japanese company in SVC --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Public health service --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Other services --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter V. --- "´بLittle Japan', a self-contained community" --- p.59 / Chapter 5.1 --- ´بKaishaha´ةvs. ´بDochakuha´ة --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2 --- A society formed by small traders --- p.64 / Chapter 5.3 --- Make Hongkou a Japan town --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Japanese streets' & ´بLittle Tokyo' --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Japanese lives in Hongkou --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- ´بNagasaki ken-Shanghai shi´ة --- p.74 / Chapter Part III: --- Compromises and Conflicts --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter VI. --- Conflicts with compromises --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1 --- Japanese community and the Shanghai Municipal Council --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Representatives in Council --- p.77 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Japanese participation in the SMP and other services in the SMC --- p.78 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Japanese wanted more voice in the SMC --- p.81 / Chapter 6.2 --- The anti-Japanese boycotts and Japanese community --- p.82 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The boycott as an economic tool --- p.83 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The hostilities and the Japanese reaction --- p.86 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conflicts with compromises --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter VII. --- Shanghai 1932: An era ended --- p.92 / Conclusion --- p.99 / Notes --- p.102 / Appendices / Chapter Appendices A --- Glossaries --- p.148 / Chapter Appendices B --- Bibliography --- p.151 / List of Tables / Table / Chapter 1. --- “Hongkou´ح in different Gazetteers of Shanghai County --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- "The Japanese Population in Shanghai, 1889-1909" --- p.27 / Chapter 3. --- "The Development of Japanese Population in Shanghai, 1912-1931" --- p.28 / Chapter 4. --- "Japanese Firms in Shanghai, in First Decade of Meiji Era" --- p.32 / Chapter 5. --- "The Geographical Origins of the Japanese Merchants in Shanghai, 1894" --- p.34 / Chapter 6. --- The Proportion of Japanese in Shanghai (1889-1892) --- p.38 / Chapter 7. --- The Members of JRA Administrative Committee in 1915 and 1922 --- p.48 / Chapter 8. --- The Enrollment of Japanese Primary Schools in Shanghai (1911-1932) --- p.52 / Chapter 9. --- The Japanese Schools run by the JRA --- p.55 / Chapter 10. --- The Proportions of Japanese Population in Different Professions in the Early 1910s --- p.60 / Chapter 11. --- The Different Status of “Kaishaha´ح and “Dochakuha´ح --- p.62 / Chapter 12. --- The Election Result of the Residents' Council of the JRA (1925，1929) --- p.63 / Chapter 13. --- The New Registered Japanese Commercial Firms in Shanghai (1918-1932) --- p.65 / Chapter 14. --- The Japanese population resided in Outer Hongkou Area --- p.70 / Chapter 15. --- "Japanese Small Businesses Opened inside the ""Japanese Streets Area"" (1924)" --- p.72 / List of Figures / Figure / Chapter 1. --- Shanghai Japanese Clubs (1903-1908) --- p.44 / Chapter 2. --- The Structure of Japanese Residents' Association --- p.47

Because of the complexity of the phenomenon being studied, a qualitative methodology was adopted for the study. The research was anchored in the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism. Interviews formed the chief data collection method. Eleven secondary school principals from Shanghai were selected through a form of purposive sampling. The study aimed to derive categories, typologies and theoretical models from the data to help explain the realities of the Chinese principalship. / Further interpretation across the major categories and initial typology exposed a set of tensions which captured some of the basic dynamics of the principalship in China. A dominant subtext across these tensions was the multiple accountabilities confronting the principals. The study found that the principals placed unquestionable emphasis on upward accountability. Among the various stakeholders, superiors and the higher level government departments and officials were regarded as the most important audience. Finally a set of five propositions was proposed as a way to capture succinctly the major features of the role of the principalship in China. / The context within which the research was conducted was one full of uncertainty and constant change. As a result of systemic and sustained reform efforts to restructure education, principals are caught between the often contradictory forces generated by educational imperatives, market forces, political hegemony and managerial complexity. It would be naive to believe that Mainland China is immune to the universalising tendency of educational reform. However, without careful study we are unsure whether Chinese principals are faced with similar dilemmas, paradoxes, and difficulties as their Western counterparts. There is thus a need to conduct more contextually sensitive research to unveil the intricacies of the role played by Chinese principals in the change context and to delve into the meanings they attach to their work. / The research findings were integrated into a framework comprised of three major categories, namely, stage, unwritten libretto and performance. The school constituted the most important stage that enabled and constrained their principalship. School status was found to be the most important influence in that it framed the role set within which each principal was situated. Despite the influence exerted by each principal's immediate context, a number of commoalities were identified when the eleven cases were pulled together. These common issues, defined as unwritten libretto in the study, included maintaining guanxi with the government, ensuring internal harmony within the organisation and the need to win resources. The knowledge of these rules was found to be indispensible to a principal in China and formed the instinctive grounds upon which they based their actions. Influenced by both the stage---where they were, and the unwritten libretto---their knowledge about how to be a principal in China, principal performance varied. An initial typology was constructed comprised of four types of principals. These types were Leading Actors, Supporting Actors, Opportunists and Marginal Actors. / The research has implications for the knowledge base of school principalship. It stretches this base beyond its current near-exclusive grounding in Western theory and provides some empirical understandings about the principalship in China. The development of a list of propositions also serves as a starting point to explicate the meanings of 'leadership' in the context of Chinese schools. The research findings also have substantial implications for principal development in China. Some suggestions are provided for program providers that may help to make the development programs more effective. / This study investigates how Chinese school principals perceive and enact their roles. Given that there is a conceptual crevice in our understanding of the Chinese principalship, the study intends to add a much needed dimension to the Anglo-American dominant leadership discourse. / Qian, Haiyan. / Adviser: Allan Walker. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: A, page: 0045. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-258). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

In this research, face-to-face in-depth interviews and extensive participant observations were conducted. There are twenty-five major informants, aged from early 20s to mid 40s, and a small number of supplementary ones. They were either Shanghai residents or were active in the city's lala communities. / In this thesis, I will look into the conflict between public inauguration and the private dilemma of lalas in contemporary urban China and the strategies they employed to cope with this conflict. Also, I will theorize lalas' existences in both ideological public and private domains, and the implication of the dominant community politics of "public correctness" to their symbolic existence and survival. / Since the economic reform period (1978 onwards), Shanghai has become one of the most vibrant sites of lala (the local identity for women with same-sex desires) communities in China. During my field visits from 2005 to 2007, I interviewed twenty-five self-identified lalas in Shanghai. One recurring theme that always came up in the interviews is the conflicts between the informants' desire to have same-sex relationship and the familial expectation of them to get married, or for those who have married, the pressure to maintain the heterosexual family. / The newly acquired economic freedom and geographical mobility in the reform era do not automatically translate into a breakaway from family control. The existence of rapidly developing and widely accessible tongzhi communities in both online and offline spaces, together with a paradigmatic change of the official treatment of homosexual subjects in the legal and medical domains, and the increasingly visible and organized involvements of state experts in the new normalization project of the homosexual population in the country, the exposure and discussion of homosexuality and its subjects have never been so public (in spatial and ideological senses) and diverse as compared to the past decades. Homosexual desire is going more and more public, yet the majority of homosexual population remains to be closeted subjects who are forced to keep their desires and presence as invisible as possible in non-public contexts such as family and more specifically, the heterosexual home space. / Kam, Yip Lo Lucetta. / Advisers: Kit Wai Eric Ma; Hon Ming Yip. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: A, page: . / Thesis submitted in: December 2008. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-214). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

by Mi Jia, Wang Xueyu. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78). / ABSTRACT --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.vi / Chapters / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / DATA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.6 / EFFICIENCY TESTS --- p.12 / Time Serial Correlation Analysis --- p.12 / Seasonal Fluctuation --- p.16 / General Index's analysis and comparison --- p.17 / Holiday Effect --- p.20 / Test of Predictability in Stock Market Returns --- p.35 / Larger Stock in June effect --- p.37 / Passive Vs Active portfolio (with technical analysis) --- p.39 / Technical analysis --- p.40 / Filter Rules Approach Testing --- p.43 / Returns over Short and Long Horizons --- p.49 / Holding Period Return over Short and Long Horizons --- p.50 / Accumulative Abnormal Return over Short and Long Horizons --- p.51 / Mutual Fund Performance --- p.52 / Mutual Fund vs. Index --- p.53 / Relative Performance among Mutual Funds --- p.54 / "B/M, Size, and P/E Effect" --- p.55 / "Correlation among B/M, Assets, Market Value of A Share, P/E and Beta" --- p.56 / B/M and Annual Return --- p.57 / P/E and Annual Return --- p.59 / Assets and annual return --- p.60 / Market Value of A Share and Annual Return --- p.61 / Beta and Annual Return --- p.53 / Multiple Regressions --- p.64 / CONCLUSION --- p.66 / Limitation of Research --- p.66 / Summary --- p.67 / APPENDIX 1 --- p.69 / APPENDIX 2 --- p.70 / APPENDIX 3 --- p.71 / APPENDIX 4 --- p.72 / APPENDIX 5 --- p.73 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.77

Chen, Yingjun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-207). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Statement of problem --- p.1 / Literature review --- p.3 / Methodology --- p.14 / The structure of the thesis --- p.19 / Chapter 2 --- Domestic Service Market in Shanghai --- p.21 / Two operating systems --- p.21 / An unregulated market --- p.24 / Conflicts between agencies and maids --- p.29 / From the local to foreign domestic service market --- p.37 / Chapter 3 --- Chinese Maids in Shanghai: A Personal Profile --- p.47 / "Salary, days off and live-in/out" --- p.47 / Who are they and why did they come to Shanghai to work as maids? --- p.50 / Coming and leaving: Two stories --- p.55 / Living in Shanghai --- p.59 / Conflicts among maids --- p.65 / What value do maids place on their job? --- p.68 / Future plans --- p.71 / Chapter 4 --- "Chinese Maids: The Explicit, the Implicit and the Unsaid in the Pre-Job Phase" --- p.75 / Unspoken rules of being a proper maid --- p.75 / Factors affecting hiring a maid --- p.82 / Factors affecting accepting a job --- p.93 / Chapter 5 --- The Chinese Maid-Employer Relationship: Conflicts and Resistance --- p.102 / Conflicts with employers --- p.102 / Resistance --- p.128 / Chapter 6 --- Filipina Maids in Shanghai: A Personal Profile --- p.134 / Where do Filipina maids work in Shanghai? --- p.134 / Who are these Filipina maids and who are their employers? --- p.136 / Legal status --- p.138 / Why did Filipinas come to China to work as maids? --- p.141 / Living in Shanghai --- p.146 / About Grace --- p.152 / Future plans --- p.155 / Maids´ة dual identities in Shanghai --- p.156 / Chapter 7 --- The Employment of Filipina Maids and the Employer-Filipina Maid Relationship --- p.162 / Reasons for hiring Filipina maids --- p.162 / Problems with employers --- p.174 / Chapter 8 --- Pulling the Strands Together: Power Relationships --- p.190 / Power is the core --- p.190 / The causes --- p.193 / The consequence --- p.199 / A visual depiction of the relationship and its causes --- p.202 / Bibliography --- p.204

This qualitative study is an attempt to explore the adaptive experiences of elderly Chinese caregivers who have to take care of their spousal partners who are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As the illness is known to be chronic and degenerative in nature, caregivers are thus faced with many stressful situations and adjustments are necessary. The purpose of this study is to examine how these caregivers in AD situations are interpreting the factors that might have influenced their adjustments. The sample consists of 26 participants aged 60 and above that have been a primary caregiver for not less than a year. Three in-depth interviews were conducted with each participant during the study period, which lasted for about two years. Findings show that most of them had to adjust to stressful situations in various aspects of life. They also developed many strategies for life adaption, which can be summarized in the following six adjustment themes. First, after hearing the AD diagnosis, they initially experienced a series of shocks and false hopes, and subsequent adjustments include eliminating uncertainty, establishing reasonable expectations toward both the disease and treatment, learning to take on the caregiver role, and finally, separating the disease from their partner’s personality. Second, these elderly caregivers gradually learned to attain inner peace through converting to various religions, searching for meanings within their stressful situations, and reconstructing rational explanations for their negative emotions. Third, in the area of spousal interaction, adaptive strategies included staying connected with their sick partners, reinforcing their caregiving motivations, completing the “familiar-strange-familiar” cycle, and re-establishing daily routines. Fourth, in situations involving other family members, such as adult children, the adjustment strategies included sharing economic burdens, re-allocating housework chores, delegating care responsibilities, and emotionally supporting one another. Fifth, in terms of social network, the main support that caregivers received usually came from informal sources; formal support is extremely limited. Findings further show a connection between the input and output of social support and personal capacity. Sixth, elderly spousal caregivers often possessed the ability to re-position and re-construct their self-confidence while adjusting to their new life rhythm. They were also able to achieve a balance between their private lives and their care responsibilities, which helps to maintain their well-being and neutralize their distresses. In summary, participants of the study often utilized more than one strategy in adjusting to their situations. The six aspects of adjustments are thus put together in this study as an integrated model of life adaptation and survival tactics adopted by elderly Chinese AD spousal caregivers. Also, whether these caregivers are successful in adapting depends on their abilities to accept changes in themselves and their environment, and achieve a compromise between the two. Based on the above findings, a culturally sensitive perspective is thus put forward to enhance the understanding of studied phenomenon within the contemporary Chinese context. Recommendations are also made regarding the needed policy changes and the revisions of social work practices in support of the elderly suffering from AD and their caregiving spouses. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Urban conservation (or heritage conservation in the urban setting), by its nature, imposes irreversible and enduring impacts on the built environment and urban fabrics. While conservation of individual monuments of indisputable historic and cultural significance often ignites heated debates, protests and resistance movements, the episodic conservation efforts of everyday architectures and heritage assets woven in the urban setting are often overlooked. Evidently within the rapidly changing context of urban China, which is virtually a contested ground for the struggles of many marginalized social groups and the upholding of local values and lived experiences amid the globalization waves and economic development, the urban conservation practice has not been systematically evaluated, monitored nor reviewed from an integrated perspective. This fittingly calls for the utility of French philosopher Henri Lefebvre’s triadic “conceived – perceived – lived” spatial framework, which has been proven useful in discerning the spatial changes and power interplays embedded in the process and outcome of the production and re-production of space. As suggested in the title, the application of the Lefebvrian spatial framework in this research endeavor is manifold, in both spatial and temporal senses: First, to discern how the concerned space was historically produced; Then, to examine how the space has been re-produced (as in produced for the second time) in the conservation processes and outcomes; At the same time, to paradoxically explore whether and how the space has been reproduced (as in organically and biologically conceived, given birth and nurtured) to perpetuate for a sustainable future; Ultimately, to investigate how urban conservation efforts can possibly facilitate or impact on the preservation, integration and transformation of space from a physical construct to a mental construct in the urban restructuring processes across China today. To this end, two fundamentally different yet very telling case study sites of urban conservation in Shanghai, the forefront city of China, have been identified, namely, Xintiandi and Tianzifang. They represent the market-driven conservation approach and the community-initiated conservation approach respectively, and both have deep-rooted causal relationships with the economic and developmental boom and evolution of urban conservation practice in Shanghai, and China as a whole. Through a comparative analysis of the two case studies, this research endeavor examines, individually and collectively, what the driving forces and the evolving relationships of the key players are behind the conservation efforts, and whose interests have been represented in the conservation processes, whether the lived environments, routines and experiences have been identified, respected and conserved; thereby summarizing the salient issues facing urban conservation efforts in China today, and reflecting upon how urban conservation practice can contribute to the sustainability of urban development and redevelopment in Chinese cities and beyond. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy