The Chinese middle class will be central to the continued sustainable development of China. This paper investigates the role of the middle class in the development of individual cities utilizing the Solow growth model. The paper breaks down the Solow growth model into the individual factors of production and calculates values for them over the period 2000 to 2010. Then using the data and the Cobb-Douglas production function shows that, for both Shanghai and Wuhan, total factor productivity is decreasing over the period. The size of the middle class in both cities is also calculated using a relative definition in order to compare its growth to the change in total factor productivity. The study shows that the middle class have yet to play a significant part in the economic development of Shanghai or Wuhan. / published_or_final_version / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies

published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Abstract not available

In 1930s and 1940s Shanghai, musicians and artists from different cultures and varied backgrounds joined and made the golden age of Shanghai popular song which suggests the beginnings of Chinese popular music in modern times. However, Shanghai popular song has long been neglected in most works about the modern history of Chinese music and remains an unexplored area in Shanghai studies. This study aims to reconstruct a historical view of the Shanghai popular music industry and make a stylistic analysis of its musical products. The research is undertaken at two levels: first, understanding the operating mechanism of the ‘platform’ and second, investigating the components of the ‘products’. By contrasting the hypothetical flowchart of the Shanghai popular music industry, details of the producing, selling and consuming processes are retrieved from various historical sources to reconstruct the industry platform. Through the first level of research, it is found that the rising new media and the flourishing entertainment industry profoundly influenced the development of Shanghai popular song. In addition, social and political changes and changes in business practices and the organisational structure of foreign record companies also contributed to the vast production, popularity and commercial success of Shanghai popular song. From the composition-performance view of song creation, the second level of research reveals that Chinese and Western musical elements both existed in the musical products. The Chinese vocal technique, Western bel canto and instruments from both musical traditions were all found in historical recordings. When ignoring the distinctive nature of pentatonicism but treating Chinese melodies as those on Western scales, Chinese-style tunes could be easily accompanied by chordal harmony. However, the Chinese heterophonic feature was lost in the Western accompaniment texture. Moreover, it is also found that the traditional rules governing the relationship between words and the melody was dismissed in Shanghai popular songwriting. The findings of this study fill in the neglected part in modern history of Chinese music and add to the literature on the under-explored musical area in Shanghai studies. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that against a map illustrating how musical products moved from record companies to consumers along with all other involved participants, the history of popular music can be rediscovered systematically by using songs as evidence, treating media material carefully and tracking down archives and surviving participants.

This dissertation aims to develop a grounded theory explaining how Chinese stock investors construct risk through their communication practices. Many of the previous studies attribute the risk in the stock market to greedy or unprofessional investors who speculate in stocks. In order to explore this topic further, this dissertation applies a grounded theory approach to develop a detailed local case showing the communication practices of Shanghai investors with respect to stock investment. By examining how investors produce meanings of risk and the relevant risk positions, the dissertation explains why investors keep speculating in the stock market. It uses interviews with 35 investors, in-depth interviews with 12 investors, and on-site observations of four stock exchange halls, investors’ home and working places in Shanghai from 2012 to 2014. The findings show that the investors consider risk to be the uncertainties about the accuracy of the information and the speed by which it is obtained. Ideally, they would obtain public information, make sense of public information professionally, and then generate directional information on which they can base their stock trades. However, with the devaluation of public information due to the corrupt social system, investors are forced to communicate more accurate information in a private way to position themselves to have a privileged risk position, which produces certainties for them but uncertainty for others. The belief in professionalism is eroded through the surge in demand for insider information based on interpersonal relations (guanxi). Because of the lack of insurance and security when circulating information privately, investors have shifted away from long-term stock investments to speculate in stocks. Although the mechanism of stock speculation produces risk for almost all investors, they still produce and reproduce this mechanism. The reason for this is that these investors are trapped in a paradox of risk and security without realizing that their practices to produce security are in fact producing uncertainties for them. / 本論文研究上海的股票投資者是怎樣在傳播實踐中構建風險的意義的。很多研究將金融風險歸咎於投資者的貪婪或不專業的過度投機行為。為了進一步研究這一課題，本論文採取紮根理論的研究方法，構建一個詳實的關於上海投資者傳播實踐的案例。由此，本論文研究了當地投資者怎樣通過傳播實踐構建風險的意義以及不同的風險處境，並由此對投資者進行投機行為進行理論性的闡釋。本論文的數據收集時間為2012年至2014年，其中主要包括對4所上海的投資交易大廳的實地觀察，對35個投資者的訪談，以及12個深入訪談以及追踪觀察。研究發現，投資者將風險與對信息的正確性以及傳播速度的不確定性相關聯。理想狀態下，投資者通過獲取公共信息，專業解讀信息以將其轉化為導向性的信息，之後進行股票交易。然而，由於腐敗等問題，各類公共信息都產生了貶值，投資者被迫用更私人的方式傳播更準確的信息，以使自己能處於有利地位，並將對信息的確定性建立在其他投資者對信息的不確定性之上。專業主義被瓦解了，取而代之的是建立在人際關係之上的對內幕消息的傳播。投資者們也從專業的、長期的投資專為短期的投機。而那些處於不利地位的投資者所面臨的不確定性亦將反過來加諸於有利地位的投資者之上。儘管投機的體系將風險加諸於幾乎所有投資者之上，投資者仍繼續投機行為。本論文認為其原因是投資者被困於“風險矛盾”之中——投資者通過實踐來尋求保障，未曾意識到其實踐造成了自己乃至於經濟體系更大的風險。 / Mao, Zhifei. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-222). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, September, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

by Ngai Wing-piu, Horace, Pok Tak-fai, Wilson. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 118-120. / Chapter 1.0 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation of Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Study Objective --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Method --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Phase One --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Questionnaire Design / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Sample Design / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Data Gathering / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phase Two --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Focus Group Sessions / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Questionnaire Design / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Sample Design / Chapter 1.3.2.4 --- Data Gathering / Chapter 1.4 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.10 / Chapter 2.0 --- Overview of the cosmetics industry in the People's Republic of China --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- History of cosmetic industry in PRC --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Environmental Analysis for the Cosmetics industry in Shanghai and Guangzhou --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cultural & Economic Factors --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Government --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Customers --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Competitors --- p.21 / Chapter 3.0 --- Preliminary Study --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Literature Review --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- Profile of the First Survey from Shanghai and Guangzhou --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Data Gathering --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Summary of the First Survey --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Demographic Summary / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Monthly Expenses on Cosmetic / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Overall Brand Awareness of Import & Joint-Venture-Made Cosmetics / Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Media Effectiveness / Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Categorization of the Cosmetic Products / Chapter 3.2.2.6 --- Consumption Level of Each Product Category / Chapter 3.2.2.7 --- Distribution Channel / Chapter 3.2.2.8 --- Brand Break-down of Skin Cream/Lotion Category Consumption / Chapter 3.2.2.9 --- Crosstabulation of Cosmetic Expenses by Occupation / Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusions --- p.40 / Chapter 4.0 --- In-depth Study --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Focus Group Session Summary --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Result of the Second Survey --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Survey Profile --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Consumer Awareness on Various Brands --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Consumption Pattern and Shopping Behavior --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Skin Cream/ Lotion Users and Non Users / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Consumption Pattern of Skin Cream/ Lotion / Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Shopping Behavior / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Psychological Set of the Skin Cream/ Lotion Users --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Brand Loyalty and Brand Switching / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Communication within Groups / Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Influence of Salesladies / Chapter 4.2.4.4 --- Effectiveness of Various Promotional Methods / Chapter 4.2.4.5 --- Relative Importance on Various Product Attributes / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Consumer Attitudes on Selected Brands --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Multiattribute Model for Brand Evaluation / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Products Positioning / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Intention to Buy / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Media Habits and Share of Voices for Various Brands --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.6.1 --- Broadcasting Media / Chapter 4.2.6.2 --- Printed Media / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.83 / Chapter 5.0 --- Marketing Guidelines for Skin Cream/Lotion in PRC / Chapter 5.1 --- Market Segmentation and Product Positioning --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2 --- Pricing --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 --- Promotion --- p.87 / Chapter 5.4 --- Distribution --- p.88 / Chapter 5.5 --- Optimal Mix --- p.88 / Chapter Appendix I --- Questionnaire of First Survey --- p.89 / Chapter Appendix IIA --- Questionnaire of Second Survey (English) --- p.95 / Chapter Appendix IIB --- Questionnaire of Second Survey (Chinese) --- p.106 / Chapter Appendix III --- Break Down of Other 8 Category Consumption --- p.113 / Chapter Appendix IVA --- Summary of Demographic Data of Participants --- p.115 / Chapter Appendix IVB --- Demographic Summary of Respondents --- p.116 / Chapter Appendix IVC --- Crosstubalation Industry by Nature of Job --- p.117 / Chapter Appendix V --- Bibliography --- p.118

by Kei Man Keung, Tong Suk Yi. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-39). / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- THE CHINESE CAPITAL MARKET --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- DATA AND METHODOLOGY --- p.10 / Cases Description --- p.10 / Event 1: Hong Kong Handover (1 July 1997) --- p.11 / Event 2: Zhu Rongji Elected the Prime Minister (March 1998) --- p.11 / Event 3: U.S.- China Summit (25 June 1998) --- p.12 / Event 4: The Chinese Embassy Bombingin Yugoslavia (8 May 1999) --- p.13 / Event 5: China's WTO Entry (15 November 1999) --- p.13 / Event 6: Macau Handover (20 December 1999) --- p.14 / Three Models --- p.15 / Chapter IV. --- EMPIRICAL RESULTS --- p.20 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.26 / APPENDIX --- p.28 / BILIOGRAPHY --- p.35

自上世纪80年代以来，全球范围内掀起了一系列的教育改革浪潮。学校变革能力的不足，成为各国教育改革面临的最大挑战。专业学习社群的出现，为整体提升学校改革能力带来了希望。而专业学习社群概念产生于西方，已有关于专业学习社群的研究也大多基于西方的教育情境，对于具有丰富教师合作实践的中国学校的研究很少。 / 本研究采用混合研究取向，探讨课程改革背景下中国大陆上海学校教师专业学习社群的特点及对教师发展的影响。首先对10所学校的教师进行个案研究，初步探索专业学习社群的特点与影响。在此基础上提出适用于上海情境的专业学习社群及其影响的概念框架，并据此形成专业学习社群特点及效果问卷，对31所学校进行调查，以验证和修订概念框架，并考察专业学习社群对教师发展的影响。研究进一步选取4所有代表性的学校进行深入的个案研究，探究专业学习社群影响教师发展的过程，并分析影响专业学习社群效果及发展水平的因素。问卷调查、深度访谈、非参与式观察和文件收集是获取资料的主要手段。 / 研究发现上海学校教师专业学习社群在个体层面表现出集体探究与分享、共享目标与责任两个特点，在组织层面表现出支持性领导、文化支持、组织结构、文化障碍、制度障碍五个特点，从而揭示出上海学校专业学习社群的独特特点。上海学校专业学习社群在整体上具有良好的发展水平，对教师发展产生了显著的促进作用，包括增强教师的教学效能，提高其对学生学习的承诺水平，并提升工作满意度。发展水平高和发展水平低的专业学习社群对教师发展的影响存在一定的差异，前者更能促进全体教师的发展与变革，并对教学与学生学习产生积极影响。这是因为高发展水平的专业学习社群与教师的日常教学实践紧密相关，并强调平等对话和民主交流，为教师提供了探究性的学习环境。 / 本研究通过上海学校教师专业学习社群实践回应了专业学习社群的情境依赖性，揭示出专业学习社群与教育改革之间的关系，并丰富了专业学习社群对教师发展影响过程与机制的研究。研究还阐述了不同于合作文化和硬造合作的系统、协调的专业学习社群发展取向，从而为理解专业学习社群提供了新的理论视角。基于研究所见，为进一步促进上海学校教师专业学习社群的发展，不仅要加强学校层面在领导、文化和结构上的支持，也要强化地区教育部门在政策制度、领导和资源上对专业学习社群的支持。 / Since the 1980s, a wave of educational reform has shown up on a global scale. One of the biggest challenges faced by various countries is the lack of schools’ reform capacity. The concept of professional learning community (PLC) seems promising for the improvement of schools’ comprehensive change capacity. While the idea of PLC originates in the western world and the majority of existing research has been based on western contexts, the concept and practice of PLCs in Chinese schools where there are rich experiences in terms of teacher collaboration have largely been ignored. / The present study is located within the context of curriculum reform in Mainland China. Adopting a mixed-method approach, this study examines the characteristics of teachers’ PLCs in schools in Shanghai and their impacts on teacher development. First, semi-structural interviews with teachers in ten schools were conducted to preliminarily explore the characteristics and influences of PLCs in Shanghai schools. Based on this, a conceptualization of PLC was initiated, and a questionnaire was developed accordingly. The author conducted a questionnaire survey of teachers in thirty-one schools to verify and modify the conceptualization of PLC and examine its impact on teacher development. After that, four representative schools were selected and in-depth case studies were implemented, to further investigate how PLCs impacted teacher development and what the key factors were in this process. Questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, non-participatory observation, and document collection were the main methods to collect data. / Results show that teachers’ PLCs in Shanghai schools could be conceptualized in individual level in terms of collective inquiry and sharing and shared goals and responsibility, and organizational level in terms of supportive leadership, cultural support, organizational structures, cultural barriers and institutional barriers, which indicates the unique characteristics of PLCs in Shanghai schools. Teachers’ PLCs in the schools in Shanghai performed well in general, and significantly improved teacher development, including their teaching effectiveness, commitment to student leaning, and job satisfaction. There were differences between high-level PLCs and low-level PLCs in terms of their influences on teacher development, i.e. the former had a greater role in promoting the whole teachers’ development and reform, and also their teaching practices and student learning. This is because high-level PLCs focused on teachers’ teaching practices and emphasized equal dialogue and democratic exchanges, which provided favorable environment for teachers’ inquiry and learning. / This study, by presenting the practices of PLCs in the schools in Shanghai, responded to the context specificity of PLCs, disclosed the relationship between PLCs and education reform, and enriched existing research on the influence process and mechanism of PLCs on teacher development. The study also identified a systematic and coordinated approach to develop PLCs, which was different from collaborative culture and contrived collegiaty and thus provided a new theoretical perspective for us to understand the concept of PLC. To further promote the practices of PLCs in the schools in Shanghai, support at both the school level such as leadership, culture and structure, and the district level such as policy, leadership and resources need to be strengthened. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 張佳. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 305-339). / Abstracts also in English. / Zhang Jia.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education