Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 124-126).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Unitec New Zealand, 2007. / Coda (electronic version) title page has 2008 date. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-164).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-126). Also available in print.

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No description available.

Every year 9000 children are estimated to die in traffic accidents in China. Fast motorization of the country in combination with low usage of child restraint system’s (CRS’s), are the two contributing factors to this alarming number. The vision of this thesis is to increase the usage of CRS’s in China, by understanding why the users are using the CRS and why the non-users are not using. The behavioural methodology Switch was used to investigate what positive behaviours could be copied and implemented in a larger scale to increase the usage. Interviews were performed with 30 users and 30 non-users in tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3 cities on the east coast of China. The main findings from the interviews showed that the reasons for not using was that the parents found the CRS complicated to install and to use, that it took too much space, that they did not know the benefits with a CRS and found it unnecessary and that they could not convince their children to sit in the CRS. Surprisingly most non-users already owned a CRS, but stopped using it. The users were using because they had experienced the CRS from abroad or got knowledge from other sources such as media or friends. Some parents were using because of a practicality issues such as the trouble to hold a heavy 3-year old child during a long trip. The behaviours chosen to represent the users for further work were learning from others, selection support, how to install, how to persist, and how to pay the knowledge of the CRS forward. The behaviour of the users was copied and implemented in a strategy consisting of the five parts above. The strategy is an interactive webpage with a close linkage to social networks to encourage sharing, and with a supporting poster- and bumper sticker campaign for spreading. The final product of the thesis work is a campaign including a fully working prototype of the webpage, which will be handed over to Volvo Cars for verification internally to make sure that the concept supports the different parts in a suitable and correct way before a public implementation. Material for poster and bumper stickers is also a part of the final delivery.

This investigation examined Chinese children's development of place-value numeration concepts from ages 3 through 9, compared the development of place-value understanding of these Chinese children with that of American and Genevan children whose performances had been described in the literature, and examined the influence of adult assistance during Chinese children's performances on some of the place-value tasks.

Ma recherche vise à la vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois. Ces enfants sont souvent abandonnés à cause de leur handicap. Ils sont placés aussi du fait de la défaillance de leurs parents consécutive à un décès, un paupérisme, un emprisonnement, ou des difficultés qu'ils subissent les conduisant à l'abandon de l'enfant. Je m'interroge sur la façon dont les enfants dans les orphelinats chinois vont s'organiser psychiquement et socialement pour faire face à ce double traumatisme : celui de l'abandon, celui du placement. Pour vérifier les effets de la carence affective croisée avec l'abandon et l'institutionnalisation, une recherche exploratoire qui consiste en l'observation sur le terrain et les entretiens avec 3 nurses est réalisée au sein de deux orphelinats chinois. Et puis, le recueil des données s'est déroulé auprès de 16 enfants de 7 à 12 ans avec ces outils méthodologiques: l'entretien auprès des enfants, le dessin et le test des contes. L'analyse des données recueillies est basée sur trois vecteurs qui fondent l'organisation de la vie psychique d'un individu : la représentation de soi, la représentation de son lien à l'autre, les mécanismes de défense et d'adaptation mis en oeuvre. La présentation des résultats est scindée en deux parties : étude globale des données (étude globale des entretiens ; étude globale de dessins ; étude globale du test des contes) et études de cas (7 cas parmi les échantillons sont choisis pour des études approfondies). Les résultats montrent que les enfants présentent des défaillances dans lareprésentation de soi qui se décèlent par les atteintes dans l'estime de soi et par des sentiments négatifs, des défaillances dans la relation à l'autre de l'ordre de la pathologie du lien, et que pour faire face à leur situation, certains enfants peuvent entrer dans un processus de résilience qui s'observe par les mécanismes de défense qu'ils utilisent ou par la référence à un tuteur de résilience. / My research aims to psychic and social life of children in Chinese orphanages. These children are often abandoned because of their disability. They are placed as a result of the failure of their parents following a death, pauperism, imprisonment, or the difficulties they face leading to the abandonment of the child. I wonder how these children in Chineseorphanages will organize themselves socially and psychologically to deal with the double trauma: abandonment and placement. To test the effects of emotional deprivation crossed with the abandonment and institutionalization, an exploratory research, which consists of field observation and interviews with three nurses is carried out in two Chinese orphanages. And then, the data collection was conducted with 16 children from 7 to 12 years with the methodological tools: the interview with children, drawing and testing stories. The analysis of data collected is based on three vectors that underlie the organization of the psychic life of an individual : self-representation, representation of his relationship with others, defense mechanisms implemented. The presentation of results is divided into two parts: comprehensive study of data (comprehensive study of the interviews, comprehensive study of the drawings, comprehensive study of the test stories) and case studies (7 cases among the samples are selected for in-depth studies). The results show that these children have deficiencies in self-representation which are detected by the self-esteem damaged and negative feelings, deficiencies in their relationship with others of the order of pathology of the link, and to deal with their situation, some children may enter into a process of resilience which is observed by the defense mechanisms they use or by reference to a guardian of resilience.