A new class of oxazolidinone chiral auxiliary has been synthesized from various α-amino acids, incorporating a perfluoroalkyl functional chain as a soluble support. This feature allows the chiral auxiliaries to be employed under standard solution-phase reaction conditions, and rapidly purified from crude mixtures using fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE). Our investigation of these new materials has been divided into two main sections. To obtain the chiral auxiliaries in multi-gram quantities a synthetic protocol was designed, where efficiency and reproducibility were the primary objectives. Meeting these goals required an extensive study of the reactivity of perfluoroalkyl nucleophiles. This study identified a versatile and scalable protocol for the perfluoroalkylation of the required amino acid starting materials. These results have allowed us to design a general, five-step synthetic pathway to create the fluorous chiral auxiliaries quickly and effectively. The new auxiliaries were then applied in several model reactions, specifically chosen to examine the reactivity and behavior of these compounds. In particular, the auxiliaries were tested for their stereoselectivity, recyclability, and ease of purification, in a series of Aldol reactions, 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions, and radical conjugate additions. This set of model reactions, combined with the facile and efficient synthesis clearly demonstrates that these new chiral auxiliaries are useful alternatives to the non-fluorous oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries currently employed in stoichiometric asymmetric syntheses.

The parkinsonian inducing drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is bioactivated in a reaction catalyzed by the flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to form the corresponding dihydropyridinium (MPDP+) subsequently pyridinium (MPP+) metabolites. As part of our ongoing studies to characterize the structural features responsible for this unexpected biotransformation, we have synthesized and examined the MAO-B substrate properties of a variety of MPTP analogs bearing various heteroaryl groups at the 4-position of the tetrahydropyridinyl ring. The results of these SAR studies indicate that electronic features, steric features and polar interactions can contribute to the substrate activities. Additionally, isotope effects have been examined to investigate the mechanism and stereoselectivity of the MAO-B catalytic pathway. The synthesis and characterization of regio and stereoselectively deuterated MPTP analogs have been achieved. The results indicate that the catalytic step occurs exclusively at the allylic C-6 position and is rate-determining for both good and poor substrates. The two enantiomers of MPTP bearing a deuterium atom at C-6 have been prepared via chiral aminooxazolinyl derivatives and have been characterized by 2H NMR in a chiral liquid crystal matrix. These enantiomers were used to determine the selectivity of the MAO-B catalyzed a C-H bond cleavage reaction leading to the dihydropyridinium metabolite MPDP+. Some of the cyclopropyl analogs of MPTP have also been synthesized as the potential inhibitors. / Ph. D.

L'oxazolidine trifluorométhylée (trans-Fox) dérivée du (R)-phénylglycinol a été préparée sous forme diastéréoisomériquement pure par résolution dynamique induite par la cristallisation d'un mélange d'oxazolidines cis et trans.La trans-Fox a été utilisée avec succès comme auxiliaire chiral pour des réactions d'hydroxylation par l'oxygène moléculaire et de fluoration électrophile d'énolates d'amide ainsi qu'en réarrangement sigmatropique [2,3] d'amines allyliques. Après clivage, des composés énantiomériquement purs d'une grande importance synthétique sont obtenus.Une voie d'accès à des pyrrolydines trifluorométhylées chirales a été mise au point à partir de la trans-Fox. La trans 2-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrolidine a été utilisée comme auxiliaire chiral pour des réactions d'alkylation asymétriques. / The trifluoromethylated oxazolidine (trans-Fox) derived from (R)-phenylglycinol was prepared as a single diastereoisomer by a cristallisation induced dynamic resolution of a mixture of cis and trans oxazolidines.The trans-Fox was used with success as a chiral auxiliary for hydroxylation by oxygen and electrophilic fluorination of amide enolates reactions and [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangements of allylic amines. After deprotection, very synthetically useful enantiomerically pure compounds were obtained.An acces to chiral trifluoromethylated pyrrolidines was developped starting from trans-Fox. The trans 2-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrolidine was used as a chiral auxiliary for asymmetric alkylation reactions.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-13T15:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edmilson Clarindo de Siqueira.pdf: 4674633 bytes, checksum: c618a0d261dbc9f5432627199fd82f3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T15:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edmilson Clarindo de Siqueira.pdf: 4674633 bytes, checksum: c618a0d261dbc9f5432627199fd82f3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this study we investigated the resolution of rac-1,2-propanediol and rac-2,3- isopropylidene glycerol using chiral amines (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethylamine (27). The alcohols are esterified to form hemi-phthalates, and treated with the enantiomers of 27 resulting in the following salts (R)-27.(±)-52 and (S)-27.(±)-52 in good yields. However, salts (R)-27.(±)-33 and (S)-27.(±)-33 did not form crystalline material. In addition we studied the resolution of (±)-14 and (±)-31 through the use of amino acids benzyl esters and brucine as auxiliaries. Attempts to obtain the benzyl ester of L-tryptophan (59) were negative; attempts to obtain benzyl esters of Lphenylalanine (58) and L-lysine (57) were also negative. In the case of brucine (35) there was no noticeable diastereoisomeric enrichment during repeated crystallizations. As an extension to this, we performed dehydration of D-mannitol (40) in an acid medium. Modifications of the published method resulted in obtaining a new derivative, the 2,5-anhydro-1,3-O-benzyl-D-mannitol (81) whose structure was established via x-ray study. / Neste trabalho foi avaliada a resolução dos alcoóis rac-1,2-propanodiol (14) e rac-2,3-isopropilideno glicerol (31) pelas aminas quirais (R)- e (S)-1-feniletilamina (27) via processo de dessimetrização: os alcoóis foram esterificados, na forma de ftalatos, e tratados com os enantiômeros de 27 que resultou nos seguintes sais (R)-27.(±)-52 e (S)-27.(±)-52 em bons rendimentos. Todavia, os sais (R)-27.(±)-33 e (S)-27.(±)-33 não foram isolados em sua forma cristalina. Adicionalmente, foi estudada a resolução de (±)-14 e (±)-31 através do uso de aminoácidos, na sua forma benzílica, e brucina como auxiliares quirais. Tentativas de obter o éster benzil de L-triptofano (59), foram negativas. Alternativas de usar Lfenilalanina (58) e L-lisina (57) também foram negativas. Condizente com este tipo de resolução foi ensaiada também o alcalóide brucina (35), porém não houve enriquecimento diastereoisomérico durante repetidas cristalizações. Como extensão ao trabalho realizado com os alcoóis, foi investigada a desidratação do D-manitol (40) em meio ácido. Modificações desta metodologia conduziram à obtenção de um novo derivado deste substrato, o 2,6-anidro-1,3-di-Obenzil- D-manitol (81), que foi caracterizado por raios-X.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T14:11:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda de Sousa Fernandes Pimentel - 2015.pdf: 3552044 bytes, checksum: 6506fc310b497a929ec9acf4d4db5942 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T06:47:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda de Sousa Fernandes Pimentel - 2015.pdf: 3552044 bytes, checksum: 6506fc310b497a929ec9acf4d4db5942 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T06:47:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda de Sousa Fernandes Pimentel - 2015.pdf: 3552044 bytes, checksum: 6506fc310b497a929ec9acf4d4db5942 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-12 / The allylation reaction of allyl organometallic compounds with aldehydes promoted by Lewis acids in the presence of chiral auxiliaries are a kind of nucleophilic addition reaction to control the stereochemistry of the product. The (R) -BINOL and (S) -4-benzylthiazolidine-2-thione compounds are used as chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis, although the literature describing the application of the first allylation reaction in the presence of various Lewis acids, it was not employed in the presence of niobium pentachloride. For the second compound, its application is limited to the aldol reactions and their study on enantioselective allylation reactions of aldehydes in the presence of Lewis acids was not described in the main databases used in this research. Therefore, this study investigated the application of these two compounds as chiral inductors in addition reactions of allyl tri-n-butilestanana to aldehydes in the presence of Lewis acid such as NbCl5. To optimize the reaction conditions used the p-nitrobenzaldehyde and was found to influence the proportion of the reactants in enantioselectivity and reaction yields. It was observed that the best yields (between 63-65% using (R)-BINOL and 41-50% using (S)-4-benzylthiazolidine-2-thione) were obtained when ethyl ether is used as solvent one temperature of -15 °C. However, the best enantioselectivity using a chiral auxiliary (R)-BINOL was obtained when the reaction rose while stirring for 1 hour the reaction between (R)-BINOL and NbCl5, then adding the aldehyde and stirred for 30 minuitos using diethyl ether and methylene chloride at -15 °C and -75 °C temperature conditions. On the other hand, the best enantioselectivity using the chiral auxiliary (S)-4-benzylthiazolidine-2-thione was obtained when it was used NbCl5 Lewis acid followed by stirring the reaction for 10 minutes and addition of diethyl ether as solvent under the conditions -15 °C temperature. / As reações de alilação de aldeídos com compostos organometálicos alílicos promovidas por ácidos de Lewis na presença de auxiliares quirais são um tipo de reação de adição nucleofílica para o controle da estereoquímica do produto. O (R)-BINOL e a (S)-4-benziltiazolidino-2-tiona são compostos utilizados como auxiliares quirais em síntese assimétrica e embora a literatura descreva a aplicação do primeiro em reações de alilação na presença de vários ácidos de Lewis, o mesmo não foi empregado na presença do pentacloreto de nióbio. No caso do segundo composto, a sua aplicação se limita as reações aldólicas e o seu estudo em reações de alilação enantiosseletiva de aldeídos na presença de ácidos de Lewis não foi descrito nas principais bases de dados utilizados nesta pesquisa. Portanto, nesse trabalho investigou-se a aplicação desses dois compostos como indutores quirais em reações de adição de alil-tri-n-butilestanana a aldeídos na presença de NbCl5 como ácido de Lewis. Para otimizar as condições reacionais utilizou-se o p-nitrobenzaldeído e verificou-se a influência da proporção dos reagentes na enantiosseletividade e nos rendimentos da reação. Percebe-se que os melhores rendimentos (entre 63-65% utilizando o (R)-BINOL e 41-50% utilizando a (S)-4-benziltiazolidino-2-tiona) foram obtidos quando o éter etílico foi utilizado como solvente a uma temperatura de -15ºC. Porém, a melhor enantiosseletividade utilizando o auxiliar quiral (R)-BINOL foi obtida quando elevou-se o tempo reacional para 1 hora de agitação na reação entre (R)-BINOL e o NbCl5, seguida da adição do aldeído e agitação por 30 minuitos, utilizando éter etílico e cloreto de metileno nas condições de temperatura de -15ºC e -75ºC. Por outro lado, a melhor enantiosseletividade utilizando o auxiliar quiral (S)-4-benziltiazolidino-2-tiona foi obtida quando utilizou-se o ácido de Lewis NbCl5 seguido pela agitação da reação por 10 minutos e adição de éter etílico como solvente nas condições de temperatura de -15ºC.

No description available.

This thesis describes the use of 2H-azirines, three-membered unsaturatednitrogen-containing heterocycles, as reactive intermediates ina number of Lewis acid promoted alkylations and Diels-Alderreactions providing synthetically useful aziridines. In order to carry out this investigation a new generalprocedure for the ring closure of vinyl azides, forming theresultant 3-substituted-2H-azirines, was developed applying low boiling solventsin closed reaction vessels at elevated temperatures. The addition of organolithium reagents in the presence ofcommercially available chiral ligands, to the 3-(2-naphthyl)-2H-azirine was studied, which gave the correspondingaziridines. Several Lewis acids were shown to catalyze the normalelectron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between 3-alkyl-,3-aromatic-, and 3-ester-substituted 2H-azirines and various dienes. These reactions gave theexpected cycloadducts in moderate yields. Using a chiral auxiliary high diastereoselectivity wasobtained in the addition of alkyl radicals to a8-phenylmenthyl-substituted 2H-azirine-3-carboxylate. The alkyl radicals weregenerated from the corresponding trialkyl borane and molecularoxygen. Hydroborations and transmetallations were used toprepare these trialkylboranes. Catalytic amounts of CuClincreased the diastereoselectivity in the radical additionreactions. Attempts were made to explain how the coordination of aLewis acid to the azirine nitrogen atom affects thereactivity/stability of the azirine. DFT calculations and NMRexperiments involving Lewis acid-azirine complexes wereperformed. Keywords:Enantioselective, diastereoselective, vinylazide, 2H-azirines, aziridines, Lewis acid, chiral ligand,chiral auxiliary, organolithiums, Diels-Alder reaction, alkylradicals, triethylborane.

<p>This thesis describes the use of 2<i>H</i>-azirines, three-membered unsaturatednitrogen-containing heterocycles, as reactive intermediates ina number of Lewis acid promoted alkylations and Diels-Alderreactions providing synthetically useful aziridines.</p><p>In order to carry out this investigation a new generalprocedure for the ring closure of vinyl azides, forming theresultant 3-substituted-2<i>H</i>-azirines, was developed applying low boiling solventsin closed reaction vessels at elevated temperatures.</p><p>The addition of organolithium reagents in the presence ofcommercially available chiral ligands, to the 3-(2-naphthyl)-2<i>H</i>-azirine was studied, which gave the correspondingaziridines.</p><p>Several Lewis acids were shown to catalyze the normalelectron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between 3-alkyl-,3-aromatic-, and 3-ester-substituted 2<i>H</i>-azirines and various dienes. These reactions gave theexpected cycloadducts in moderate yields.</p><p>Using a chiral auxiliary high diastereoselectivity wasobtained in the addition of alkyl radicals to a8-phenylmenthyl-substituted 2<i>H</i>-azirine-3-carboxylate. The alkyl radicals weregenerated from the corresponding trialkyl borane and molecularoxygen. Hydroborations and transmetallations were used toprepare these trialkylboranes. Catalytic amounts of CuClincreased the diastereoselectivity in the radical additionreactions.</p><p>Attempts were made to explain how the coordination of aLewis acid to the azirine nitrogen atom affects thereactivity/stability of the azirine. DFT calculations and NMRexperiments involving Lewis acid-azirine complexes wereperformed.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Enantioselective, diastereoselective, vinylazide, 2<i>H</i>-azirines, aziridines, Lewis acid, chiral ligand,chiral auxiliary, organolithiums, Diels-Alder reaction, alkylradicals, triethylborane.</p>

No description available.

Although α-keto carbocations have been demonstrated to be viable intermediates in solvolysis reactions, their applications in synthesis are scarce. These species can be considered to be equivalent to “reversed polarity” enolates and, as such, could be useful for the asymmetric formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. In principle, facial selectivity in additions to α-keto carbocations may be induced using easily removed ester, amide, or imide chiral auxiliaries. Efforts to achieve such diastereoselective SN1 reactions of α-keto carbocations are described herein.