O processo de escolha de um produto é bastante complexo, pois depende de variáveis como características intrínsecas e extrínsecas do produto, situação de compra, percepções, memórias e estilo de vida dos consumidores. O produto vinho pode ser caracterizado pela alta complexidade de fatores envolvidos em seu processo de escolha. Nesse contexto, país de origem é um dos atributos que possui uma série de particularidades nas preferências dos consumidores. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é identificar como o país de origem do produto interfere na escolha do consumidor de vinho. O efeito país de origem no processo de escolha foi analisado sob três enfoques distintos: diferenças entre produtos tipificados e não tipificados, diferenças conforme proximidade do consumidor ao centro produtor, e diferenças oriundas do envolvimento do consumidor com o produto. Aderente à teoria de escolhas, o método utilizado no trabalho foi a implementação de experimentos de escolha utilizando a técnica da choice-based conjoint analysis. A amostra comtemplada foi formada por consumidores frequentes de vinho, residentes em dois estados do Brasil. Os resultados encontrados revelam que vinho é um produto em que o país de origem assume grande relevância como qualificador para o processo de escolha, ao contrário do que acontece com saca-rolhas, que é um produto associado ao consumo de vinho, mas sem associação clara com marca ou país de origem. Ao comparar um estado próximo ao centro produtor de vinhos (Rio Grande do Sul) com um estado afastado do centro produtor, mas ainda assim com grande consumo de vinho (São Paulo), percebe-se uma clara diferenciação entre as preferências conforme o país de origem do produto. Vinhos brasileiros apresentaram a maior utilidade para consumidores do Rio Grande do Sul, mas a menor utilidade para consumidores de São Paulo. No que se refere ao envolvimento, consumidores mais envolvidos com vinho apresentaram maior utilidade associada ao país de origem quando comparados com consumidores com menor envolvimento. A partir da análise das escolhas dos consumidores de vinho no Brasil, contemplando características como o grau de envolvimento e proximidade ao centro produtor, este trabalho oferece uma contribuição em relação à identificação de diferentes efeitos de país de origem no contexto de consumidores brasileiros. / The process of choosing a product is quite complex because it depends on variables such as intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the product, purchase situation, perceptions, memories, and consumer lifestyle. The wine product can be characterized by the high complexity of factors involved in its process of choice. In this context, the country of origin is one of the attributes that has a series of particularities in the preferences of consumers. Thus, the objective of this work is to identify how the country of origin of the product interferes in the choice of the wine consumer. The country-of-origin effect in the choice process was analyzed under three different approaches: differences between typified and non-typified products, differences according to the proximity of the consumer to the producer center, and differences arising from the consumer\'s involvement with the product. Adhering to choice theory, the method used in the work was the implementation of experiments of choice using the technique of choice-based conjoint analysis. The contemplated sample consisted of frequent wine consumers living in two Brazilian states. The results show that wine is a product in which the country of origin assumes great relevance as a qualifier for the process of choice, unlike what happens with corkscrews, which is a product associated with wine consumption, but without a clear association with brands or country of origin. When comparing a state close to the wine producing center of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) with a state away from the producer center, but still with great consumption of wine (São Paulo), a clear differentiation between the preferences according to the country of origin of the product can be noticed. Brazilian wines presented the greatest utility for consumers in Rio Grande do Sul, but the lowest utility for consumers in São Paulo. With regard to the involvement, consumers more involved with wine had more utility associated with the country of origin when compared to consumers with less involvement. Based on the analysis of the choices of wine consumers in Brazil, considering the characteristics of the degree of involvement and proximity to the producer center, this work offers a contribution in relation to the identification of different country of origin effects in the context of Brazilian consumers.

In this study, I examine how the University of Arizona Museum of Art (UAMA) can best serve the University of Arizona campus community by providing resources to professors that bring their classes to the museum. A review of literature connects research about learning in museums to k-12 choice-based teaching approaches. The methodology section provides an overview of data collection methods and an explanation of each resource used in the study. Through a qualitative case study, I use the collected data from interviews, visual analysis of student resources, and researcher notes to discuss and analyze the research questions. The findings result in the development of a resource for the museum to provide additional information to professors. The study informs future research needs in museums and contributes to a growing knowledge of how visitors learn in museums and how museums best serve their visitor populations.

Up to date, it is unclear how Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) models perform in terms of forecasting (external) real world aggregate shop data. In this contribution, we measure the performance of a Latent Class CBC model - not with an experimental holdout sample - but with aggregate real world scanning data. We find that the CBC model does not accurately predict real world market shares. In order to improve the forecasting performance, we propose a correction scheme based on external scanner data. Our analysis based on 8 brands shows that the use of the proposed correction vector improves the performance measure considerably. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"

In this thesis, I reflect upon an art educator’s experience teaching boys and developing an art curriculum with a boy focused framework. Two comprehensive units on monsters are included along with research on teaching boys and choice based practices in the art classroom. I also reflect on the creative process of lesson planning with the needs of male learners in mind.

Orientation: Organisations operating in multiple countries and continents, referred to as multinationals, often experience cultural barriers when interacting with employees from the host county. These barriers, in turn, frequently result in counterproductive outcomes for the organisation. Being able to adapt Human Resource (HR) policies and practices to the cultural values and norms of the host country, multinationals will be better able to attract, motivate and retain their host country employees and achieve the strategic objectives they have set. Research purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between an individual's reward preference and his/her cultural orientation by means of a novel methodological approach, while further investigating this relationship in two culturally distinct countries to allow for a comparison to be made. Motivation for the study: Research linking rewards to cultural orientation is characterised by mixed findings, which could be related to cross-cultural measurement issues (for example, issues of level of analysis and the reference-group effect). By measuring at an individual level of analysis and exploring the use of choice-based conjoint analysis, the present study aimed to advance the field of cross-cultural remuneration research. The study aimed to show that, by linking cultural orientation and reward preference, multinationals can be helped to optimize their remuneration policies and practices in a way that brings about desired organisational outcomes. Research design: A descriptive research design using quantitative methods was employed. Data was collected from employees in both South Africa (n = 132) and the Netherlands (n = 152). Survey items, responded to on a Likert-type response scale were used to measure an individual's reward preference and cultural orientation. To explore the potential bias introduced by the reference-group effect in cross-cultural reward research, a choice-based conjoint analysis was included to measure reward preference. Data from the field survey was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Choice-based conjoint analysis was used to determine the relative importance of each reward element. Main findings: The results of the Multiple Regression analysis revealed that certain cultural orientations were significantly positively related to reward preference. These included the relationship between collectivism and group bonuses; uncertainty avoidance and job security; uncertainty avoidance and base pay; and long-term orientation and future oriented rewards. Uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation were positively related to financiallyoriented reward elements. The conjoint analysis allowed for further differentiation between these elements. Practical implications: Multinationals will be able to better align their reward policies and practices with the preferences of employees who come from different cultures and who therefore possess differing cultural orientations. By doing so, multinationals will be able to improve their capability to attract, motivate and retain employees that come from distinct cultural backgrounds. Research contributions: By taking a different methodological approach using choice-based conjoint analysis, this study showed that the preference for particular reward packages can not be solely reduced to linear relationships. In contrast to previous studies, this study was able to incorporate a single sample for both the dependent and the independent variables by measuring the cultural orientations at an individual level of analysis.

Ce mémoire de thèse concerne l’identification des facteurs de risque d’une maladie spécifique présentant une hétérogénéité spatiale au sein d’une région donnée. Plus particulièrement,nous nous sommes intéressés aux cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures(VADS) dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais (NPDC) en France. Pour cela, une étude cas témoins a d’abord été réalisée à partir de la création d’un échantillon d’individus sains qui n’étaient pas affectés par des tumeurs cancéreuses (les témoins) et d’un échantillon d’individus atteints du cancer (les cas - ou patients), recrutés dans les centres de soins dans le cadre des projets de recherche DEREDIA et NOFARIS. Concernant la méthodologie,des modèles binaires spatiaux répondant à l’objectif ont été développés à partir de travaux issus des domaines de recherche en statistique/économétrie des comportements(analyse des décisions) ainsi qu’en statistique spatiale. Un des apports méthodologiques de la thèse repose sur la combinaison de techniques provenant de ces deux champs de recherche. Dans une première partie, nous avons utilisé un modèle spatial binaire paramétrique contenant une variable spatiale latente de choix dans le cadre d’un échantillonnage des données. Ce problème est connu sous le nom de "Choice-Based Sampling" (CBS) dans les modèles discrets. Contrairement à l’échantillon aléatoire où tous les éléments de la population ont la même probabilité d’être choisi, l’échantillonnage CBS dans le modèle discret est un type d’échantillonnage dans lequel la classification de la population est faite sous forme de sous-ensembles (strates) basés sur des choix alternatifs. Dans ce contexte,l’utilisation de la procédure d’estimation par maximum de vraisemblance standard (MLE)dans le CBS pourrait mener à des estimations incohérentes (asymptotiquement biaisées).Nous avons adopté ainsi le principe du maximum de vraisemblance auprès de l’étude de scas-témoins spatiaux. Nous avons également fourni un estimateur des moments généralisés(GMM), basé sur les résidus généralisés. Dans une seconde partie, un modèle spatial binaire semi-paramétrique a été considéré. Nous présentons dans ces parties, une simulation de Monte Carlo pour étudier la performance des méthodes d’estimation au sein d’un échantillon final, que nous avons ensuite appliqué aux données du cancer VADS dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais. La troisième partie est consacrée à l’étude d’une fonction de risque spatiale en présence de données entachées d’erreurs. En effet, dans le cadre des données cas-témoins considérées, nous supposons que certaines données de type déclarative ne soient pas correctes. Une application de cette méthode à la cartographie du risque de développer un cancer VADS dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais a été étudiée. La dernière partie est consacrée à un modèle de durée spatial et son application aux données considérées. / This thesis concerns the identification of risk factors for a certain type of diseasepresenting a certain spatial heterogeneity in a given region.. More specifically, we are interested in cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in the Nord-Pasde-Calais region (NPDC), France. For this, a case-control study was first carried out bycreating a sample of healthy individuals who are not affected by cancerous tumors (thecontrols) and a sample of individuals with cancer (Cases or patients), recruited in healthcenters as part of DEREDIA and NOFARIS research projects. From a methodologicalpoint of view, spatial binary models which meet the objective have been developed onthe basis of studies in statistical/behavioral econometrics (decision analysis) and spatialstatistics. One of the methodological contributions of the thesis on this plan is the combinationof techniques from these two fields of research.In the first part, we used a spatial binary parametric models containing spatial latentchoice variable in a context of sampling data. This problem is known as Choice-BasedSampling (CBS) in discrete choice model. Unlike the random sample where all items in the population have the same probability of being chosen, the Choice-Based Sampling indiscrete choice model is a type of sampling where the classification of the population intosubsets to be sampled is based on the choices or outcomes. In this context, the use ofstandard Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure in CBS could lead to an inconsistent(asymptotically biased) estimation. Thus, we adapt the principle of maximumlikelihood in our context of spatial case-control studies. We also provide a GMM estimatorbased on the generalized residuals.In the second part, a spatial semi-parametric binary model was considered. We present inthese parts a Monte Carlo experiment to investigate the finite sample performance of theseestimation methods, then we apply to the (UADT) cancer data in the Nord-Pas-de-Calaisregion.The third part is devoted to the study of a spatial risk function in the presence of datacontaminated by measurement errors. Indeed, in the context of the considered case-controlstudy, it is very likely that certain data transmitted by the patients is not correct. Anapplication of this method to the mapping of the risk of having UADT cancer in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region was studied. The last part is devoted to a spatial duration modeland its application to the real data was considered.

Widespread car usage of around 800 million of cars travelling 30 billion of kilometres on a daily basis has led to many benefits but also to significant environmental and societal impacts such as congestion, air and noise pollution and urban sprawl. This thesis aims to investigate the stakeholder values of car parking in order to support and inform the decision makers who are tasked with how best to resolve challenging car parking dilemmas. A two phase progressive methodology is involved. Phase one begins with conducting a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight academics to identify whom the stakeholders are that are affected by car parking. Then a second series of 20 interviews are conducted with sector leaders of stakeholder groups to establish how the stakeholders are affected by car parking and importantly, how they value car parking. Finally a third series of nine interviews are conducted with nine different experts to help to bridge the gap between phase one and phase two. Phase one found that a broader reach of stakeholders (classified into four different groups) are affected by car parking than the literature might imply, and that they value car parking in eight different key ways. It also found that the values emerged from a context of governmental, social and consumer concerns. Phase two of the methodology was quantitative and used the findings from phase one to develop four additional attributes considered meaningful across all four stakeholder groups, namely: safety, politics, public spaces and weekly household council tax. Choice based conjoint analysis was used to incorporate the attributes into three hypothetical scenarios namely; driver, strategy and social, as these were considered to be reflective of the value context unearthed previously in phase one. The scenarios were disseminated across England as part of a wider survey and achieved a sample size of 1107 responses. The results of which were then interpreted through willingness to pay (WTP) values. Key findings included: how a persistent political undertone can impact on car parking policy setting; that the car parking industry is under pressure to provide a service chiefly motivated by a perceived consumer intolerance of market prices; and that stakeholders can not only appreciate but also experience the impact of car parking choices on other stakeholder groups. Conclusions drawn included that the different stakeholder groups took issue with national government leadership believing it to currently be deficient in setting the standards for British car parking. Moreover, decision makers wrongly perceive that consumers of car parking do not pass between the groups and are therefore hostile to policies which do not directly benefit them. The key implication being that decision makers are cautious to implement policies which are not necessarily advantageous to consumers but which may lead to gains for the remaining stakeholder groups. In short, this thesis recommends amongst others that the governmental stakeholder group should seek to provide direction and guidelines for tariff setting which is reflective of the provision of a service that is conscious of the range of parking industry stakeholder values. Furthermore, as safety is an industry held value, practitioners should seek to better understand how it impacts their market. They should explore the relevance of schemes such as Park Mark to operators and their customers, by fundamentally investigating to what extent safety exists as a valid concern inside car parks and how it applies to personal safety, vehicle safety or general perceptions of safety. In addition, where the governmental stakeholder group remain mindful of the significance of securing political backing, the car parking industry would benefit from appreciating the sensitivities of political challenges faced by the governmental group when lobbying for any changes in parking policy programmes. Indeed, the parking industry should collaborate between the two parties and seek to unite in finding agreeable solutions which benefit constituents either directly or indirectly. As car parking values might differ according to their geopolitical context and lead to the extraction of a different set of attributes, further work would include looking beyond England to first the UK and then to abroad to explore the effects of potential cultural differences and learn the relevant lessons.

One of the major demand related risks for companies that produce consumer electronics goods is change in consumer preferences over time as reflected in the weights they attach to the attributes of products. This contributes to the difficulty of predicting whether consumers will purchase a new product or not and the accuracy of such forecasts can have significant ramifications for companies’ strategies, profitability and even their chances of survival. Knowledge of attribute-weights and accurate forecasts of new products can give companies better insights during the product development stages, inform go-no-go decisions on whether to launch a developed product and also support decisions on whether a recently launched product should be withdrawn or not due to poor early stage sales. Despite the important implications of change in attribute-weights, no research has investigated the extent to which such changes occur and impact on the accuracy of forecasts of the future market share of these products. Prior to the current research, it was assumed that the weights are constant over time – even when the nature of the attributes was assumed to change. To investigate these concerns choice based conjoint (CBC) was applied to data gathered in a longitudinal survey of consumer choices relating a range of consumer electronic products, where innovation has different rates and the product life cycles are various. This allowed an assessment of the extent to which the weights of attributes of choice-based conjoint models change over a six months period for consumer durable products and the degree to which this variability is dependent on the nature of the product. It demonstrates that the change in weights is greater for products that have high technological complexity and shorter lifecycles and also links the changeability of weights to the characteristics of potential consumers. The results of thesis demonstrate that the assumption of constant weights can potentially lead to inaccurate market share forecast for high-tech, short life-cycle products that are launched several months after the choice-based modelling has been conducted.

This research explores the relationships between visual and written narratives, as well as the quality of engagement in art and writing processes. The study focuses on the work of second grade students in the art education classroom at a small rural elementary school. Data collection included: direct observation of the students, teacher notes, rubrics, student surveys, and student projects. The aim was to collect information on the ways in which students prefer to create and share their narratives. Results show that by providing students with choices in their learning, they are more engaged in the narrative process. It also demonstrates that by providing a variety of narrative methods, particularly the inclusion of image making, students will produce stories that are richer, more elaborate, and engaging.

In this thesis, I reflect upon an art educator’s experience teaching boys and developing an art curriculum with a boy focused framework. Two comprehensive units on monsters are included along with research on teaching boys and choice based practices in the art classroom. I also reflect on the creative process of lesson planning with the needs of male learners in mind.